高中英语必修四课文以及带音标的单词表(共11页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Unit 2 Working the landReading: A pioneer for all peopleAlthough he is one of Chinas most famous scientists, Yuan Longping considers himself a farmer, for he works the land to do his research. Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions o

2、f Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades. Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice. In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output. This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more

3、 of the crop in the same fields. Now more than 60% of the rice produced in China each year is from this hybrid strain. Born in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953. Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal. As a young man, he saw the great need

4、 for increasing the rice output. At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside. Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields. In 1950, Chinese farmers could produce only fifty million tons of rice. In a recent harvest,

5、 however, nearly two hundred million tons of rice was produced. These increased harvests mean that 22% of the worlds people are fed from just 7% of the farmland in China. Dr Yuan is now circulating his knowledge in India, Vietnam and many other less developed countries to increase their rice harvest

6、s. Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger. Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before. Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with his life. However, he doesnt care about being famous. He feels it gives him less freedom to do hi

7、s research. He would much rather keep time for his hobbles. He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading. Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him. Indeed, he believes that a person with too much money has more rather than f

8、ewer troubles. He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture. Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing. Long ago Dr yuan had a dream about rice plants as tall as sorghum. Each ear of rice was as big as an ear of corn and each grain of rice was as huge

9、as a peanut. Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people. Now, many years later, Dr Yuan has another dream: to export his rice so that it can be grown around the globe. One dream is not always enough, especially for a person who loves and cares

10、for his people.Using language: Chemical or organic farmingOver the past half century, using chemical fertilizers has become very common in farming. Many farmers welcomed them as a great way to stop crop disease and increase production. Recently, however, scientists have been finding that long-term u

11、se of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to peoples health.What are some of the problems caused by chemical fertilizers? First, they damage the land by killing the helpful bacteria and pests as well as the harmful ones. Chemicals also stay in the ground and unde

12、rground water for a long time. This affects crops and, therefore, animals and humans, since chemicals get inside the crops and cannot just be washed off. These chemicals in the food supply build up in peoples bodies over time. Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses. In additio

13、n, fruit, vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow too fast to be full of much nutrition. They may look beautiful, but inside there is usually more water than vitamins and minerals.With these discoveries, some farmers and many customers are beginning to turn to organic

14、farming. Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals. They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease. A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy. Organic farmers, therefore, often prefer using natural waste from animals as fertilizer. They fee

15、l that this makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more fertile. This also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free from chemicals.Organic farmers also use many other methods to keep the soil fertile. They often change the kind of crop in each field every few years, for example, g

16、rowing corn or wheat and then the next year peas or soybeans. Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil. Organic farmers also plant crops to use different levels of soil, for example, plan

17、ting peanuts that use the grounds surface followed by vegetables that put down deep roots. Some organic farmers prefer planting grass between crops to prevent wind or water from carrying away the soil, and then leaving it in the ground to become a natural fertilizer for the next years crop. These ma

18、ny different organic farming methods have the same goal: to grow good food and avoid damaging the environment or peoples health.专心-专注-专业Unit 2statistic sttstk n. （常用pl statisitcs）数据；统计；统计数字；统计资料sunburnt snb:nt adj. 晒黑的struggle strl vt. & vi. 斗争；拼搏；努力decade deked n. 十年；十年期super su:p(r) adj. 特级的；超级的hy

19、brid habrd adj. 混合的；杂种的n. 杂交种；混血儿output atpt n. 产量；输出strain stren n.（植物的）品种；种类crop krp n. 庄稼；农作物；产量hunger h(r) n. 饥饿；欲望 vt. & vi. （使）饥饿disturbing dst:b adj. 引起烦恼的；令人不安的expand kspnd vt. & vi. 使变大；伸展circulate s:kjlet vt. & vi. 循环；流传thanks to 幸亏；由于；因为battle btl n. 战役；战斗 vt. & vi. 搏斗；奋斗rid rd vt. 摆脱；除去r

20、id of 摆脱；除去be satisfied with 对感到满意freedom fri:dm n. 自由；自主would rather 宁愿；宁可therefore ef:(r) adj. 因此；所以；因而equip kwp vt. & vi. 配备；装备sorghum s:gm n. 高粱grain gren n. 谷物；粮食；颗粒peanut pi:nt n. 花生export eksp:t vt. & vi. 输出；出口nationality nnlti n. 国籍occupation kjupen n. 工作；职业；占领personality p:snlti n. 性格；个性；人格

21、confuse knfju:z vt. 使迷惑；使为难regret rret vt. 遗憾；惋惜 n. 遗憾；懊悔chemical kemkl adj. 化学的；关于化学的organic :gnk adj. 有机的；器官的；组织的fertile f:tal adj. 肥沃的；富饶的fertilizer f:tlaz(r) n. 肥料；化肥production prdkn n. 生产；制造bacteria bktr n. (bacterium的复数形式) 细菌pest pest n. 害虫；害兽；害鸟build up 逐渐增强；建立；开发lead to 导致；造成（后果）nutrition nj

22、utrn n. 营养；滋养；食物mineral mnrl n. 矿物；矿石discovery dskvr n. 发现；发觉focus fks n. 焦点；中心点vt. 集中；聚集focus on 集中（注意力、精力等）于soil sl n. 土壤reduce rdju:s vt. 减少；减缩keep free from/of 使免受（影响；伤害等）；使不含（有害物）soybean sbi:n n. (= soyabean) 大豆root ru:t n. 根；根源skim skm vt. 浏览；略读underline ndlan vt. 画底线标出；强调summary smr n. 总结；摘要；

23、概要comment kment n. 评论；议论 vi. & vt. 表达意见；作出评论producer prdju:s(r) n. 生产者；制片人industrial ndstril adj. 工业的；产业的Unit 3 A taste of English HumorAs Victor Hugo once said, Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face, and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin. He

24、brightened the lives of Americans and British through two world wars and the hard years in between. He made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed, so they could feel more content with their lives. Not that Charlies own life was easy! He was born in a poor family in 1889. His parents were b

25、oth poor music hall performers. You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk. Such training was common in acting families at this time, especially when the family income was often uncertain. Unfortunately his father died, le

26、aving the family even worse off, so Charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother. By his teens, Charlie had, through his humour, become one of the most popular child actors in England. He could mime and act the fool doing ordinary everyday tasks. No one was ever bored wa

27、tching him -his subtle acting made everything entertaining. As time went by, he began making films. He grew more and more popular as his charming character, the little tramp, became known throughout the world. The tramp, a poor, homeless man with a moustache, wore large trousers, worn-out shoes and

28、a small round black hat. He walked around stilly carrying a walking stick. This character was a social failure but was loved for his optimism and determination to overcome all difficulties. He was the underdog who was kind even when others were unkind to him. How did the little tramp make a sad situ

29、ation entertaining? Here is an example from one of his most famous films, The Gold Rush. It is the mid-nineteenth century and gold has just been discovered in California. Like so many others, the little tramp and his friend have rushed there in search of gold, but without success. Instead they are h

30、iding in a small hut on the edge of a mountain during a snowstorm with nothing to eat. They are so hungry that they try boiling a pair of leather shoes for their dinner. Charlie first picks out the laces and eats them as if they were spaghetti. Then he cuts off the leather top of the shoe as if it w

31、ere the finest steak. Finally he tries cutting and chewing the bottom of the shoe. He eats each mouthful with great enjoyment. The acting is so convincing that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted! Charlie Chaplin wrote, directed and produced the films he starred

32、in. In 1972 he was given a special Oscar for his outstanding work in films. He lived in England and the USA but spent his last years in Switzerland, where he was buried in 1977. He is loved and remembered as a great actor who could inspire people with great confidence.Unit 3humour hju:m(r) n. 幽默；滑稽p

33、unchline pntlan n. 故事；笑话等中的妙语；关键语verbal v:bl adj. 口头的nonverbal nnv:bl adj. 不用语言的mime mam n. 哑剧comedy kmd n. 喜剧up to now 直到现在brighten bratn vt. 使更愉快；使更有希望depressed dprest adj. 忧愁的；沮丧的content kntent adj. 满足的；满意的 n. 满足 vt. 使满足feel/be content with 对满足performer pf:m(r) n. 表演者；演出者astonish stn vt. 使惊诧aston

34、ishing stn adj. 令人感到惊讶的fortunate f:tnt adj. 幸运的；吉利的unfortunately nf:tntli adv. 不幸地badly off 穷的；缺少的teens ti:nz n. 十几岁（13至19岁的年龄）ordinary :dnr adj. 平常的；普通的bored bd adj. 厌烦的subtle stl adj. 微妙的；精巧的；技艺精湛的Entertain entten vt. & vi. 使欢乐；款待entertaining entten adj. 愉快的；有趣的charming tm adj. 迷人的；有魅力的tramp trmp

35、n. 流浪汉；行乞者throughout ru:at prep. 遍及；贯穿 adv. 到处；始终；全部homeless hmls adj. 无家的；无家可归的moustache mst: n. 小胡子worn w:n adj. 用旧的；用坏的；破烂的worn-out adj. 磨破的；穿旧的stiffly stfl adv. 僵硬地failure felj(r) n. 失败（者）optimism ptmzm n. 乐观；乐观主义overcome vkm vt. & vi. 战胜；克服underdog ndd n. 失败者；处于劣势的一方snowstorm snst:m n. 暴风雪leath

36、er le(r) n. 皮革pick out 挑出；辨别出lace les n. 饰带；花边；鞋带cut off 切断；断绝chew tu: vt. & vi. 嚼碎；咀嚼（食物）mouthful mafl n. 一口；满口enjoyment ndmnt n. 享受；欢乐；乐趣convince knvns vt. 使信服convincing knvns adj. 令人信服的direct drekt vt. & vi. 导演；指示；指挥 adj. 直的；直接的；直率的star in 担任主角；主演outstanding atstnd adj. 突出的；杰出的；显著的confidence knfd

37、ns n. 信心；信念costume kstju:m n. 服装；戏装gesture dest(r) n. 姿态；手势 vi. 做手势particular ptkjl(r) adj. 特殊的；特别的 n. 细节；细目particularly ptikjulli adv. 特殊地；特别地occasion ken n. 时刻；场合budget bdt n. 预算；开支actress ktrs n. 女演员slide slad vt. & vi. （使）滑动；（使）滑行 n. 滑；滑动；幻灯片amuse mju:z vt. 使发笑；使愉快 amusing mju:z adj. 好笑的；有趣的panc

38、ake pnkek n. 烙饼；薄饼explanation eksplnen n. 解释；讲解；说明detective dtektv n. 侦探mountainous mantns adj. 多山的；山一般的whisper wsp(r) n. 耳语；低语 vt. & vi. 低语；小声说vast v:st adj. 巨大的；辽阔的rhythm rm n. 节奏mess mes n. 脏或乱的状态react rkt vi. 作出反应；回应porridge prd n. 粥；麦片粥drunk drk adj. 醉的Unit 4 Body languageYesterday, another stu

39、dent and I, representing our universitys student association, went to the CapitalInternationalAirport to meet this years international students. They were coming to study at BeijingUniversity. We would take them first to their dormitories and then to the student canteen. After half an hour of waitin

40、g for their flight to arrive, I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously. I stood for a minute watching them and then went to greet them. The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain. After I met them and then

41、introduced them to each other, I was very surprised. Tony approached Julia, touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek! She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence. I guessed that there was probably a major misunderstanding. Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in

42、smiling, together with George Cook from Canada. As they were introduced, George reached his hand out to the Japanese student. Just at that moment, however, Akira bowed so his nose touched Georges moving hand. They both apologized - another cultural mistake! Ahmed Aziz, another international student,

43、 was from Jordan. When we met yesterday, he moved very close to me as I introduced myself. I moved back a bit, but he came closer to ask a question and then shook my hand. When Darlene Coulon from France came dashing through the door, she recognized Tony Garcias smiling face. They shook hands and th

44、en kissed each other twice on each cheek, since that is the French custom when adults meet people they know. Ahmed Aziz., on the contrary, simply nodded at the girls. Men from Middle Eastern and other Muslim countries will often stand quite close to other men to talk but will usually not touch women

45、. As I get to know more international friends, I learn more about this cultural body language. Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people. In the same way that people communicate with spoken language, they also ex

46、press their feelings using unspoken language through physical distance, actions or posture. English people, for example, do not usually stand very close to others or touch strangers as soon as they meet. However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them. Most people around the world now greet each