2022年初中语法专题7介词专题word版本.pdf

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1、资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除word 可编辑介词介词是一种用来表示词语词之间、词与句之间的关系的词， 在句中不能单独做句子成分。介词分为简单介词和短语介词两种。简单介词即单个介词，如in，under，on，for，after 等；短语介词指多个单词构成的介词，如 in front of，instead of，far from 等。介词短语与短语介词不同。 介词短语指由 “介词名词 /代词等”构成的短语，如 at school ，by bus，on Sunday等，在句中可以作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语等。有些单词，既可以作介词，也可以作连词(作连词时，其后接句子 )，如 after

2、，before 等；而有些单词，既可以作介词，也可以作副词，如above ，below 等。介词是中考试卷中的“常客” ，从时间上看，年年都要考；从地点上看，每个地区都要考。考查介词的主要题目有：单项填空、完形填空、短文填空及句子翻译等。一、对时间介词的考查介词用 法例 句 / 常 用 短 语at 表示在某个时刻或是瞬间 用在节假日前表示“在期间” 用于某些固定搭配I usually get up at half past six. Bill got a lot of presents at Christmas. at noon; at night; at midnight on 表示在具体的

3、某一天或具体到某一天的早晨、上下午或晚上等I like visiting friends on Sundays. The accident happened on a rainy evening. in 用于月份、季节、年、年代、世纪等 泛指一天的上午、下午、晚上“in+时间段”，表示“在之后”，常用于一般将来时态in January; in summer; in the 1990s in the morning / afternoon / evening She says that her mother will be back _ ( 两个小时后 ) . during 在期间during

4、the summer holidays before 在之前He will be back before suppertime. after “after+具体时刻”， 表示 “在之后”“after+时间段”不与将来时连after three o clock / lunch / August He will arrive _ (after / in) an hour. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - - 资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联

5、系网站删除word 可编辑用。since 后接时间点或过去时的句子， 表示“自从以来”He has taught English since 2001. I haven t seen him since he left last time. for 后接时间段，表示 “持续一段时间”He has lived here for eight years. till / until 表示持续到某个时候 not until 意为“直到才”It may last till / until next Friday. We can t get off the bus until it stops. from

6、 from to 意 为 “ 从 到”We go to school from Monday to Friday. by 表示“在之前”、“不迟于” 表示“到为止”You must be here by ten o clock tomorrow. by the end of last year / next year; by now 【例题】1. I was born _ December 17. This year Ill hold a birthday party for it at home. A. on B. at C. in D. by 2. Do you know Victory

7、Day in China? Yes, it s _ September 3rd _ each year. It tells the world that Chinese people love peace and hate wars. Chinese people will never forget the history. A. in; on B. on; / C. at; / D. on; in 3. For many Western people, they drink cold water even _ winter. A. on B. for C. at D. in 4. The c

8、harity walk begins _ 9:00. Dont be late.No problem. A. at B. by C. in D. on 5. The Dragon Boat Festival this year will come _ four days. A. after B. for C. during D. in 6. (短文填空 )After walking around _ some time, she came to a river. 7. (首字母填空 ) He has been away from home s_ two days ago. 8. (句子填空 )

9、 The Highland Museum is opened every day _ Monday. 二、对地点、方位介词的考查介 词图示意义例句11 in 在之内The students are reading in the classroom. 学生们在教室里读书。22 on 在上面The boat is on the river. 那条船在河上。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - - 资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除word

10、 可编辑33 beneath 在下面(紧贴着表面 ) The sun is now beneath the horizon. 太阳此刻落到地平线下了。44 over 在（正）上方There are several bridges over the river. 河上有好几座桥。55 under 在（正）下方The boat sailed under the bridge. 船在桥下行驶。66 above 在上方The plane flew above the clouds. 飞机在云上飞行。77 below 在下方The sun sinks below the horizon. 太阳沉没在地平

11、线下。88 by / beside 在旁边Tom is sitting by / beside the window. 汤姆坐在窗户的旁边。99 near 在附近I don t need a car because I live near the city centre. 我不需要汽车，因为我住在靠近市中心。110 next to 紧挨My best friend sits next to me in class. 上课时我最好的朋友坐在我的旁边。111 behind 在后面Olive hid behind a tree. 奥列弗藏在一棵树后面。112 outside 在外面He parked

12、 his car outside the theater. 他把汽车停在剧场外面。113 to 到去We walked to the fruit shop. 我们步行到水果店。114 from 从来We traveled to London from Edinburgh. 我们从爱丁堡旅行到伦敦。115 (a)round 围绕We all sat around the table. 我们都围绕着桌子坐。116 between 在 之 间（指二者）The letter B is between A and C. 字母 B 在 A 和 C 之间。117 among 在 之 间（ 指 三者 或三者以

13、上）The house stands among the trees. 房子在树丛中。118 across 横过、越过(从表面跨过 )If the road is busy, don t walk across it. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - - 资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除word 可编辑如果道路拥挤，就不要横穿马路。119 through 穿过(从内部穿过 ) We drove through the tunn

14、el. 我们开车穿过了隧道。220 past / by 从旁边经过 / 路过I went past / by a bakery on my way home. 我在回家的路上经过了一家面包店。221 onto 到上The men lift the baskets onto the trucks. 人们把篮子运上卡车。222 into 到里They put the apples into the baskets. 他们把苹果放进篮子里。223 out of 从出来Don t look out of the window in class. 上课时不要朝窗外看。224 along 沿着Walk a

15、long this street, then turn left, you can see the post office. 沿着这条街走， 然后向右拐， 你就可以看到邮局。at, in, on 表示地点的用法： at 表地点时，指空间位置上的某一点，后面常接小地方。如： at the bus stop ；in 表地点时，指在某一立体空间范围内，后面接大地方。如： in shanghai ；on 表地点时，指某物与另一物表面相接触，或与某地方接壤等。如： on the table等。in, on, to 表示方位的用法：范围之内用in；相邻、接壤用 on；不相邻或隔海相望用 to。【例题】9.

16、 I like the weather in Kunming. Its warm all year long.Yes. And the temperature stays _ zero all the time. A. atB. belowC. aroundD. above 10. In cold winter, the temperature in Harbin often remains _ zero all day. A. above B. below C. over D. under 11. The bank is _ the bookstore and the post office

17、. A. at the front of D. among C. between D. in 12. You must be careful when you swim _ the lake. A. across B. below C. over D. through 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - - 资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除word 可编辑13. Excuse me, where is the bookstore?

18、 Go _ the bridge. Youll see it on your left.A. on B. cross C. across D. through 14. Heilongjiang Province is _ the northeast of China. A. to B. in C. on D. at 15. Cambridge is a small city _ the east of England. A. between B. with C. in D. under 16. Jim sits behind me, so I sit _ him. A. at the top

19、of B. at the end of C. in the middle of D. in front of 三、对手段、方法介词的考查介词用 法例 句 / 常 用 短 语by by+交通工具：“乘坐交通工具” by doing sth.：“通过某种方式”He goes to school by bus every day. I learn English by listening to the radio. in in+语言类名词：“用某种语言” in+工具：“用某种工具或材料”Can you say it in English? Don t write it in pencil. Writ

20、e it in ink. with with+工具： “用某种工具或材料” with the help of： “在的帮助下”I often do my homework with a pen. With the help of him, I won the match. on 通过某个设备He listens to music on the radio. 【例题】17. Ma Yun, the Chairperson of Alibaba Group, has made much money _ the Internet. A. through B. along C. across D. t

21、owards 18. More and more people in Shanghai choose to go to work _ underground. A. in B. with C. by D. for 19. Gina, what s this _ English? A. by B. for C. in D. with 20. We can save money _ cooking our own meals instead of eating outside. A. by B. to C. for D. with 四、对其他常用介词的考查介词用 法例 句 / 常 用 短 语abo

22、ut 大约“关于”，只表示“和有关”There are about 60 pupils in my class. I want to tell you a story about animals. on “关于”，多表示内容具有专门性，It s a book on animals. 这是一本论及动精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - - 资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除word 可编辑是严肃的和学术性的物的书。 (学术专著 ) li

23、ke “像一样”He talked to me like his father. as “作为；以的身份”，后跟表示职业、职务的名词As a volunteer, I must try my best to help you with your problems. except “除之外”，指从整体中除去一部分We are all here except Li Ming.（李明不在这儿）besides “除之外还有（包括在内）”We are all here besides Li Ming. （李明在这儿）with 表示伴随，意为“和一起”I went to plant trees with

24、my friends. without 表示“没有”，常作状语He left without saying a word. for 表示目的，意为“为了” 表示原因、理由He came here for a cup of tea. Sanya is famous for “ Tianya Haijiao” . towards “朝方向”A dog is running towards me. off “离开，脱离”Keep off the grass. 勿踏草地。against 靠着；反对He is sleeping soundly against a tree. instead of “代替

25、”I went swimming instead of watching TV. because of “因为”，表示原因I didn t go out because of the bad weather. 【例题】21. Do you remember what she looked like when you first met her? Of course. She was tall and thin _ long hair. A. in B. with C. on D. for 22. Jack had to stop working though it was _ his own

26、wishes. A. on B. for C. against D. by 23. Wild animals are our friends. We shouldn t kill them _ food or clothing. A. in B. with C. about D. for 24. It is great _ us to get so many favourite books on International Children s Book Day. A. to B. with C. of D. for 25. He looked at me and, _ a word, smi

27、led. A. in B. with C. without D. for 26. All of us went to the park _ Bob. He had to look after his sister. A. besides B. with C. except D. besides 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - - 资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除word 可编辑五、对介词短语的考查搭配介 词固 定 搭 配与名词

28、的搭配at at night / noon; at once; at first / last; at home / school / work after after school / class; after breakfast / lunch / supper; after all by by the way; by the lake / river; by now; by chance / accident in in class; in time; in town; in the future; in fact; in a car / taxi on on time; on duty

29、; on business; on foot; on a train / ship / for for example; for a while; for sure; for fun; the idea / to the answer to / the way to / the key towith have problem / trouble / difficulty / fun with / make 与动词的搭配about worry about; talk about; think about; learn / know about at look at; laugh at; shou

30、t at; point at; knock at; arrive at; call at for look for; ask for; wait for; stand for; leave for; send for sb. from hear from sb.; learn from sb.; come from; be made from on depend on; get on; call on sb.;（put on; try on; turn on）off get off; fall off; show off;（take off; see sb. off）to belong to;

31、 listen to; get to; write to; help oneself to; say hello with begin with; talk / chat with sb.; agree with sb.; get on / along 与形容词的搭配about be sure about; be sorry about at be mad at; be good / bad at; be surprised at; be talented at of be afraid / scared of; be sure / proud / fond / jealous / full

32、of with be busy / strict / angry / popular / satisfied / covered / filled in be interested in; be different in size; be strict in sth. for be famous for; be late for; be ready for; be good / bad for to be polite / rude / cruel to sb.; be good / friendly / kind / bad 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - -

33、 - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - - 资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除word 可编辑from be away from; be different from; be away from 【例题】27. My mother says my friend is similar _ me, but I think she is different _ me. A. as; from B. to; from C. to; to D. as; to 28. This photo reminded th

34、e old man _ the days when he was young. A. with B. for C. by D. of 29. They hope it can protect them _ terrible air. A. in B. from C. for D. at 30. When the king saw that she as playing his old harp, he was filled _ joy. A. in B. of C. by D. with 31. This kind of dress is _ this year, and I really w

35、ant to get one A. in danger B. in trouble C. in style D. in time 32. Mr. Yangs daughter is pretty good _ drawing pictures and won many prizes. A. with B. for C. in D. at 33. Shen Xue and Zhao Hongbo won the gold medal for China so were proud _ them. A. in B. on C. of D. for 34. I learn _ my teacher

36、and my classmates at the corner. A. to B. at C. for D. from 35. Compared _ some unhappy people, those who are always pleased and relaxed are less likely to suffer colds. A. at B. with C. in D. of 附：介词的省略省略情况示 例表示时间的短语中介词的省略。(in) this morning / afternoon / evening; (on) the next day; (in) next week /

37、 month / year; (in) last night / week / year; (on) the day before yesterday; (in) the year before last; (on) tomorrow morning; (on) every / some / one / all day 在肯定句中表示一段时间的 for 常可省略。I have been waiting for you (for) a whole afternoon. He has studied English (for) five years. 在“of+大小、形状、年龄”等结构中， of

38、常省略。When I was (of) your age, I knew much less than you. The desks in our class are (of) the same colour, material, shape, height and length. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - - 资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除word 可编辑在 here，there，home等副词前。come (to)

39、 here; go (to) there; go (to) home 某些习语中的省略。be busy (in) doing sth. 忙于做某事(in) this / that way 以这种 /那种方法stop / prevent sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事spend (in) doing sth. 在做某事上花费have trouble (in) doing sth. 在做某事中遇到麻烦help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事三、即时训练1. This food is free. You don t have to _ it. A. lo

40、ok for B. pay for C. ask for D. wait for 2. You see, Kevin is writing _ his left hand. A. at B. as C. for D. with 3. _ age 7, Bruce won second prize in the piano competition. A. In B. At C. On D. For 4. We can be thankful every day, not just _ Thanksgiving Day. A. in B. on C. to D. by 5. This school

41、 is different _ others. It has many out-of-class activities. A. off B. from C. of D. for 6. Jessica took part in the English competition _ the morning of April tenth. A. in B. on C. to D. by 7. Don t play computer games too much. It s bad _ your eyes. A. for B. with C. on D. at 8. Sam likes skating

42、very much. He has been skating _ four hours. A. for B. since C. with D. in 9. When is Henry s birthday party, Lynn? The 18th, _ about three o clock in the afternoon. A. in B. at C. on D. to 10. Remember to run _ the road quickly while it is clear. A. across B. for C. after D. of 11. Excuse me. Where

43、 is the Hope Cinema? Go up this road to the end. Go _ the bridge and youll find it.A. cross B. crossing C. across D. down 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - - 资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除word 可编辑12. Zhang Mei really wants to improve her English.

44、She often practises English _ chatting with her English friend Tony. A. in B. by C. for D. with 13. What are Mexicans supposed to do when they meet _ the first time? They are supposed to shake hands. A. for B. on C. among D. in 14. Don t worry _ your physics. I will help you _ it. A. with; about B.

45、about; on C. on; about D. about; with 15. They had a picnic _ the foot of the mountain last Sunday. A. for B. to C. of D. at 参考答案：1-5. ABDAD 6. for 7. since 8. except 9-10. DB 11-15. CACBC 16-20. DACCA 21-25. BCDDC 26-30. CBDBD 31-35. CDCDB 即时训练1-5. BDBBB 6-10. BAABA 11-15. CBADD 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - -