2020届高三英语一轮复习---高中英语语法：非谓语动词教学课件 (共77张PPT).ppt

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1、 非谓语非谓语非谓语非谓语：不作谓语，是改写从句的一种形式。 He told us that we should go to school. He told us to go to school.This is the story that is told by her. This is the story told by her .When I was young, I also liked games.Being young, I also liked games.He came home and cried(并列句）.He came home, crying.非谓语动词动名词动名词 v-

2、ing分词分词现在分词现在分词 v-ing过去分词过去分词 p.p动词不定式动词不定式 to do主语主语宾语宾语定语定语状语状语补语补语表语表语动名词动名词不定式不定式分词分词主动进行用现分被动完成用过分目的将来不定式用途性质用动名1.Swimming is his favorite sport. 2.He enjoys swimming. 3.His favorite sport is swimming.4.The swimming pool in our village is being built. 动名词动名词注意注意动词不定式动词不定式1. To see you is glad.

3、=It is glad to see you. 2.I want to see you.3.I want him to see you. 4.My hope is to see you.（作主语）（作主语）(作宾语）作宾语）（作宾补）（作宾补）(作表语）作表语）常用常用it 作形式主语作形式主语（作定语）（作定语）（作原因状语）（作原因状语）（作目的状语）（作目的状语）（作结果状语）（作结果状语）5.He has no time to see you.6.Im glad to see you.7.Im coming to see you.8.He went so early as to see

4、 you9. To look at him, you would like him.（作条件状语）（作条件状语）句型句型1：It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth.It is + adj + for sb to do sthIt is + adj + of sb to do sth（是形容人的品质的是形容人的品质的 ）（是形容事物的性质的是形容事物的性质的 ）Eg. It is easy for me to finish this work before ten. It is a great honor for us to be present at your birt

5、hday party. (1)作主语作主语 It is very kind of you to give me some help.Its impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.句型句型2：It + 谓语谓语 + to do句型句型3：Its + n. + to doIt takes us an hour _ get there by bus.Its our duty _ help the poor.1.常见动词有：常见动词有：口诀：想要决定同意，希望许诺选择口诀：想要决定同意，希望许诺选择 want/intend/mean, de

6、cide/determine, agree, hope/wish/expect, promise, choose(2)作宾语作宾语 2.见动名词用法见动名词用法 (3)作宾补作宾补 分词分词1.Make less noise，theres a sleeping child. We only sell used books.2.The young man sitting between John and Mary is the headmaster of our school. The bridge built last month needs repairing.3.She was too f

7、rightened to move. What you said is really inspiring. 2.作后置定语作后置定语3.作表语作表语1.作前置定语作前置定语现分和过分作现分和过分作定语定语的区别：的区别：boiling water 正在沸腾的水（表正在进行）boiled water 开水（表完成）developing countries 发展中国家developed countries 发达国家a disappointing look 一个令人失望的表情a disappointed look 一个失望的表情注：修饰的表情、脸色、情感等要用v-ed.Eg. With a disa

8、ppointed look on his face, he looked very sad.（复印资料）I saw him caught by the police. I heard them singing in the classroom.4.作补语作补语现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成1. Seeing from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory.2.Seen from the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful.3.

9、 Hearing the bad news, they couldnt help crying.4. Given more time, we could do it better. 5.作状语作状语分词作分词作状语状语：复印资料练习一般式一般式完成式完成式被动式被动式动名词动名词 doinghaving donebeing done不定式不定式to do (将做)to have done(将完成)to be done(将被做)分词分词donedoing(正在)/having done()/being done(正在被做)非谓的不同形式非谓的不同形式否定式：在之前加“not” 1.The bui

10、lding being repaired is our library. 2.The question being discussed is very important. 3.Having turned off the radio, he began to go over his lessons. 4. Not having received his fathers letter, he decided to make a call to him.不定式和分词作不定式和分词作补语补语的区别：的区别：1. “吾看三室两厅一感觉吾看三室两厅一感觉”5看：see、watch、look at、not

11、ice、observe3使：make、let、have2听：hear、listen to1感觉：feelEg: I often hear him sing this song. He is often heard _ the song to singdo 让做done 让 被做do 让做be done 让 被做to do 让做doing 让做done 让 被做do让做doing让持续做done让 被做注意：1.have sth. done 还表示 “使遭受”Eg: Mr.Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday.

12、2. have sb. doing 用于否定句中表示 “容忍”Eg:I wont have you speaking to your dad like that.2. leave、keep、set、find、catch、withsb. to do 留下某人去做某事sb./sth. doing 让某人/某物一直做某事sth. to be done 留下某事要做sth. undone留下某事未做(unfinished、unsettledsb./sth. doing 让某人/某物一直做某事sb./sth done让某人/某物被 (表示被动且完成/ 表示状态)Eg: Keep the engine e

13、ndn running. We should keep the windows closed.sb./sth. doing 发现某人/某物正在做.sb./sth done发现某人/某物已经 (表示完成/ 状态)sb./ sth. (to be) 发现某人/某物Eg: We found him (to be ) dishonest. sb. doing 撞见某人正在做.Eg: I caught him reading my private letter.sb./sth. doing 表示主动且进行/ 表示特征sth. being done 表示被动且进行sth. done表示被动且完成/ 表示状

14、态sth. to do表示将来Eg: With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the man is having a hard time.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，使句子完整、正确用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，使句子完整、正确。 1.Let me _(help) you _ (water) the flowers.2.Little Sandy would love _(take) to the cinema this evening. 3. Though he often made his deskmate _(cry), today h

15、e was made _(cry) by his deskmate.4. I saw him _ into the small store.A. wentB. goingC. to goD. has gone5. Tell the boy _ out of the window.A. not to look B. to not lookC. dont lookD. not look help(to)waterto takecryto cry1.The house is not big enough for us all_.A. to live inB. to be lived in C. to

16、 live D. for living in2. Would you please pass me the knife _?A. to cut the fruit withB. to cut the fruit C. cutting the fruitD. cutting the fruit with3.I have something important to say.please find a piece of paper （写上）（写上） 4.Excuse me，could I use your pen for a moment？I have no pen （写）（写）to write

17、onto write with动词不定式做定语动词不定式做定语五.动名词的复合结构1).物主代词物主代词 / 名词所有格名词所有格 + 动名词动名词 在句中作主语在句中作主语: Marys coming late made her teacher angry. Do you mind my smoking? Do you mind my reading your paper? Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. Roses going wont be of much help. 2).人称代词宾格人称代词宾格 / 名词名词

18、 + 动名词动名词 在句中作宾语在句中作宾语: Im sure of him coming on time. He has never heard of a woman being a pilot. I dont mind Jack (him) going. She hates young people (them) smoking. Given more time, we could do it better.3.由There being +主语这种结构多表示原因。例如：There being a lot of books to read, he often studied till mid

19、night.因为有许多书要读，他经常学习到深夜。Thanks a lot!不定式与动名词作主语的区别：不定式与动名词作主语的区别：A: 如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的， 可以在不定式前加一个由 for 引起的短语。B: 下列形容词作表语时，不定式前常加一个 of 引起的短语，这些形容词是： (表评价性的，来说明逻辑主语的性质，特征，属性） kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, stupid, foolish, wrong, right, careless, rude, polite,naughty etc.to do 表示具体的动作，

20、表示具体的动作，-ing form表示泛指的动作，通表示泛指的动作，通常常（3）做表语：主语）做表语：主语+系动词系动词+不定式不定式1). 其主语多为抽象名词其主语多为抽象名词(wish, need) My wish is to be a scientist. The main thing is to keep our room clean.2).be to do可构成将来时态可构成将来时态,表表 “准备准备/打算打算/计划计划/需需要要”; She is to return next week.It was about to leave when it started to rain.不定

21、式动词在介词不定式动词在介词but，except，besides后面时，如果这些介后面时，如果这些介词之前有词之前有行为动词行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带不带to，否则要，否则要带带to。 She could do nothing but cry What do you like to do besides swim?I have no choice but to go(4)作定语作定语 不定式作定语时，不定式作定语时， 通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。不定式常和它所修饰的词有动宾关系。如：不定式常和它所

22、修饰的词有动宾关系。如： I have a lot of work to do. Here are some books for you to read. She was the first person to think of the idea. They made a plan to study English . He expressed his wish to visit the Great Wall. 不定式动词在介词不定式动词在介词but，except，besides后面时，如果这些介后面时，如果这些介词之前有词之前有行为动词行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式的各种形

23、式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带不带to，否则要，否则要带带to。 She could do nothing but cry What do you like to do besides swim?I have no choice but to go(4)作定语作定语 不定式作定语时，不定式作定语时， 通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。不定式常和它所修饰的词有动宾关系。如：不定式常和它所修饰的词有动宾关系。如： I have a lot of work to do. Here are some books for you to read. She was the

24、first person to think of the idea. They made a plan to study English . He expressed his wish to visit the Great Wall. 1). 目的状语目的状语: 可放于句首可放于句首,也可放于句末也可放于句末, 前面可加前面可加in order/so as/soas to表强调表强调. He went to see the artist himself. He stopped to have a look. He ran so fast as to get to school in time2

25、). 结果状语结果状语:主要用在主要用在enough to/tooto/only to结构中。结构中。The question is too difficult to answer.They worked hard enough to finish their work.3). 原因状语原因状语: 主语主语+系动词系动词+adj.+ to do表表感情的感情的adj.有有: happy, surprised, pleased, glad, sorry, anxious(忧虑忧虑), disappointed, careful, afraid, wrong.Im very sorry to se

26、e you.He was afraid to leave him home 动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式保留了动词的一些特征，具有时态和语态的变化，动词不定式保留了动词的一些特征，具有时态和语态的变化，但是它的时态和语态只有以下几种，见下表。但是它的时态和语态只有以下几种，见下表。 语态时态 主 动 语 态 被 动 语 态 一般时 to make to be made 进行时 to be making 完成时 to have made to have been made 完成进行时 to have been makingWhen I got home, my son happened to

27、 be watching TV. 如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成式。如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成式。 She is said to have read thirty novels this year. Im sorry to have kept you waiting so long After graduation, he asked to be sent to work in the countryside. This novel is said to have been translated into French.选出下面习题正确答案选出下面习题正确答案1

28、 -Im hungry, and I want to eat the cake. -What! it is not good_ A. for eating B. to be eaten C. to eat D.at eating 2 Its important_ and helpful. A. to kind B. be kind C. kind D.to be kind3.It took Alice and me an hour _out the problem.A. to work B. working C.work D.for working.4.I found it very impo

29、rtant _ English well. A. learning B. learn C. to learn D.learned 5.Its very nice _you to _me about it. A. for; tell B. of; say C. to; speak D.of; tell怎样区分动名词和现在分词怎样区分动名词和现在分词My job is teaching.换位法换位法Her job is getting everything in order in the officeThe play is exciting. Exciting is the playThe sto

30、ry he told us was very interestingInteresting was the story he told us.作表语作表语作定语作定语动名词作定语表示性质或用途。动名词作定语表示性质或用途。a washing machine a machine for washing四.动名词的时态和语态1. 完成式：动名词完成式表示其动作在谓语动词表示的动完成式：动名词完成式表示其动作在谓语动词表示的动 作之前发生。例如作之前发生。例如 I regret not having taken your advice.He didint mention having met you

31、 before2. 被动式：当动名词的逻辑主语是动名词动作对被动式：当动名词的逻辑主语是动名词动作对 象时，该动名词要求用被动形式。例如：象时，该动名词要求用被动形式。例如：She didnt mind being called a housewife找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）1. He stood there, tired from a whole day of work, thinking of a way to escape from the construction site.2. The news conference, to be he

32、ld in that hall, has already been crowded with reporters. 3. Having reached the very peak of the Everest, the climbers cheered against the fierce north wind. 4. He keeps buying expensive maps. He must have more than 200 by now.5. I heard the girl singing in the classroom.6. The man talking with my father is Mr. Wang.状语状语定语定语状语状语宾语宾语(宾语宾语)补语补语定语定语