初中复合句(带练习)(共10页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上复合句英语句子按照句子的功能或使用目的,可分为: 陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。按照句子的结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。复合句由一个主句和一个或几个从句构成。主句是复合句的主体，从句仅仅是主句的一个成分，它从属于主句，不能独立，不能单独存在,在句中作某一成分,如宾语.状语.定语。从句在全句中充当什么成分，就叫什么从句。从句宾语从句【名师精讲】一. 宾语从句的分类宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语（或直宾）、介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1. 由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义

2、，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed.2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?He asked whose handwriting was the best.I dont know why the t

3、rain is late.Miss Zhang is angry at what you said.3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：He asked me whether (if) I could help him.4.下列结构后面的从句一般也作为宾语从句看待：be sorry / afraid / sure / glad +that从句,如：Im sorry Im late. Im afraid he isnt in at the moment. 二. 宾语从句的语序无论主句是什么句式，宾语从句必须是陈述句语序。例如：I thin

4、k (that) you will like this school soon.I want to know if (whether) he lives there.Please tell me when well have the meeting.三. 宾语从句的时态1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。如：I hear (that) physics isnt easy.Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，

5、 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：He asked what time it was.He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.He asked if you had written to Peter.He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon after he graduated from the college.3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理、自然现象、科学原理或格言警句，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：Our teacher said that January

6、 is the first month of the year. Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.he teacher asked the boy if the earth is round.四. 其它注意事项1.宾语从句的变换步骤：(1).确定引导词：that (陈述句) if / whether (一般疑问句) what / when 等（殊疑问句)(2). 时态一致：如果主句是一般将来时或一般现在时,从句时态保持不变如果主句是一般过去时,时态必须一致,即用过去的相应时态，客观真理除外 3).转换语序：三

7、大动词与主语颠倒位置, do / does / did 去掉,谓语作相应变化.当主句的主语是第一人称I / we，谓语动词是think , believe, suppose等时，其后的that宾语从句如果表示否定意义，not应否定主句谓语，这叫“否定前移”。 例如:I dont think he is right. I dont believe he will come.另外，要注意：这种句子变否定句和一般疑问句时变主句，但完成反义疑问句时要看从句。.宾语从句与简单句的转换：由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，当从句主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句常简化为“疑问词动词不定式”。 I dont know

8、what I should do next.I dont know what to do next.if, whether辨析：if和whether都可作“是否”讲，在引导宾语从句时一般可互换。但有些情况例外。在下列情况下，只能用whether,不能用if：1) 引导主语从句和表语从句时。例如：Whether he will come to the party is unknown. The question is whether I can pass the exam.2) 引导词与动词不定式或 or not 连用时。例如：I havent made up my mind whether t

9、o go there or not. Could you tell me whether you go or not?3)当从句做介词的宾语时只用whether 不用ifWe are talking about whether well go on the pinic.4)if当如果讲时,引导的是条件状语从句， 这时不能用whether. 例如：You cant work out the plan out if you dont have the meeting .【中考实战演练】一. 单项填空( )1.I dont know if it _tomorrow.If it _,I will no

10、t go fishing. A. rains;rains B. rain; will rain C. will rain; rains D. will rain; will rain ( )2.Could you tell me _?A. where does Li Lei work B. where did Li Lei work C. where Li Lei works D. where Li Lei worked ( )3.She said _she would leave the message on the headmasters desk .A. that B. where C.

11、 which D. when( )4.The teacher told us that the moon _round the earth. A. went B. travels C. turned D. went( )5. Would you please tell me _?A. when did he come homeB. where he would play footballC. if he had seen the filmD. why he didnt watch the game( )6. Do you know _ during the coming summer holi

12、day? A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom doC. what Tom will do D. what Tom did( )7. I want to know_.A. what is his name B. whats his nameC. that his name is D. what his name is( )8. Do you know _ I could pass the exam? A. that B. whether C. what D. which( )9. Do you know_?Im not sure. Maybe he is a

13、doctor. A. who he is B. who is heC. what he does D. what does he do( )10.The teacher told us that the sun _in the east.A. rise B. rises C. rose D. will rise( )11. -Could you tell me _ the Bamboo Garden?-The day after tomorrow, I think.A. when will you visit B. when you will visitC. when would you vi

14、sit D. when you would visit( )12. Would you please tell me _ next, Mr Wang? A. what should we do B. we should do whatC. what we should do D. should we do what( )13. -Could you tell me _?-Sorry, I dont know. I was not at the meeting.A. what does he say at the meetingB. what did he say at the meetingC

15、. what he says at the meetingD. what he said at the meeting( )14. -Could you tell me _ last night?-Er, I was watching Euro 2004 at home.A. what you were doing B. what were you doingC. what you are doing D. what are you doing( )15. Every morning the patients are asked if _ their temperature taken.A.

16、they had had B. have they hadC. they have had D. had they had( )16.Could you tell me _ ? A.what the matter is with you B. what was the matter with you C. Whats the matter with you D. whats the wrong with you .( )17. I am sure _ you said is true.A. what B. that C. which D. who ( )18. The old man told

17、 us _ and _.A. to do what , to do how B. what to do it, how to do itC. what to do, how to do it D. what to do , how to do ( )19.I dont remember _ he worked in that city when he was young.A. what B. which C. where D. who( )20. The photograph will show you _.A. what does our village look like B. what

18、our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like二. 句型转换：1.When does the train arrive ? Could you tell me ? Could you tell me _ the train_.2.I think he will come in a week.(否定句) I _ think he _ come in a week.3.I really know which one I should choose. I really don

19、t know which one _ _.4. Does Mrs. Brown enjoy living here?Could you tell me ?(宾语从句) Could you tell me _ Mrs. Brown_ living here?5. Jim cant decide what he should do next.(同义句) Jim cant decide what _ _ next. 6.I think he has been to Beijing before,_ _?7.I dont think he will come tomorrow,_ _?8.They a

20、rent right. I think (合成一句)I _ think they _ right.9.I think he is right.(同义句)I _ think he _ wrong.10.We found him a good pupil. We found _ _ _ a good pupil. 11.His grandfather died ten years ago. It _ ten years _ his grandfather _. 12. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I dont know. （改为宾语从句） I dont know

21、 _ the watch _ made in Shanghai.13. Lucy hasnt decided which trousers to buy.（改为复合句）Lucy hasnt decided _ _ _ _ buy.14. I dont know how I can get to the hospital.（改为简单句） I dont know _ _ _ to the hospital.15.Toms father saw him sitting on some eggs.（改为复合句）Toms father saw _ _ _ sitting on some eggs.二.

22、根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子1. 我认为玛丽不回来了。 I dont think Mary _ _.2. 山姆给我说他准备去上海。 Sam told me that he _ _ for Shanghai.3. 父亲说他买了一台新电脑。 Father said that he _ _ a new computer.4. 叔叔说他正在写一本新小说。 Uncle said that he _ _ a new novel.5. 杰克说他有重要事情要做。 Jack said he _ something important to do.二. 改错题：1. Can you tell me if h

23、e will come or not tomorrow ? A B C D （ ）_2.Could you tell me how can I get there? A B C D（ ）_直接引语如何变为间接引语【名师精讲】1.直接引语是陈述句：变为间接引语时，用连接词that引导（that在口语中常常省略），主句中谓语said to sb.要改为told sb. 例如：“Ill go to your farm tomorrow”, he said to her.He told her that he would go to her farm the next day.巧记顺口溜：取掉引号加t

24、hat，人称变化要灵活，时态向后退一步，状语变化按规则。2.直接引语是一般疑问句：变为间接引语时，用连接词if / whether引导，said to要改为asked，没有间接宾语可以加一个。He said, “Are you interested in English?”He asked me if I was interested in English.巧记顺口溜：取掉引号加if，陈述语序要记住，时态人称和状语，小心变化别马虎。3.直接引语是特殊疑问句：变为间接引语时，用它本身的疑问词引导。“What do you want ? he asked meHe asked me what I

25、wanted.巧记顺口溜：疑问词引导，陈述莫忘记，小心助动词，弃它最重要。4.直接引语是祈使句：变为间接引语时，句子的谓语动词要选用含有祈使句意义的动词，如tell , ask ,order等，引语的动词改为不定式。如果祈使句是否定式，在动词不定式前加not.例如：“Stop talking”the monitor said to the class.The monitor told the class to stop talking.“Dont take off your coat” she said to her sister.She told her sister not to take

26、 off her coat.巧记顺口溜：取掉引号要加to, tell / ask要记住，直引若是否定式，not加在to前部。直接引语变为间接引语的注意事项：1.人称变化：一主二宾三不变2.时态变化：如果主句是一般现在时或一般将来时，则从句可以用任何时态；如果主句是一般过去时，则从句用相应的过去的某个时态。如果所述的是科学真理、客观事实、格言等，间接引语中的时态无须改变。3.指示代词：thisthat thesethose4.时间状语：nowthen todaythat day yesterdaythe day before agobefore tomorrowthe next day next

27、 weekthe next week5.地点状语：herethere 6.动词： comego bringtake【中考实战演练】一、根据上句完成下句，每空一词，意思不能改变。. “ How are you feeling now?” The doctor asked Tom.(改为间接引语)The doctor asked Tom how _ _feeling then.Mother said to me, “Dont go alone at night.” (改为简单句) Mother told me _ _ go alone at night. “I will ring you up t

28、omorrow” He said to me.(间接引语) He _ me he _ ring me up the next day.She said,“ I have been to Beijing twice”She said that _ _ been to Beijing twice.He said,“Did you see Tom last night?” He asked me _ I _ _Tom _night _.“ Light travels faster than sound”The teacher said.The teacher said that light _fas

29、ter than sound.John asked if I understood what the man was saying.John asked, “_ you _ what the man _saying.She asked when the sports meeting would begin.She asked, “_ _the sports meeting_?”.Father told Joan not to be late for the meeting.Father said,“ _ _ late for the meeting, please.”10.“ I will c

30、ome here this evening” shesaid.She said that _ _ _ _ _evening. 状语从句【名师点睛】用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句， 原因状语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句。1. 时间状语从句 (1)时间状语从句常用由when , before , after(通常可转换为not.until ) ,since（自从.以来，时态为主现从过）as soon as（一.就，时态为主将从现,when,until,after,before也有此

31、用法) ,until/ till (意为“直到”，主句通常为否定句) while(就在.时，常用进行时态)连词来引导。例如：When he finished his work, he took a short rest.It was raining hard when we got to school yesterday. When John arrived, I was cooking lunch.While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang.While mother was cooking lunch, I was doing my

32、 homework.As he walked along the lake, he sang happily.He had learned a little Chinese before he came toChina.(2)在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，而用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态（即主将从现）。例如：Ill ring you up as soon as I get to New York.I will tell him everything when he comes back.(3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到时

33、”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到才”, “在以前不”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如：Lets wait until the rain stops.He wont believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.Dont get off until the bus stops.2. 条件状语从句(1)条件状语从句通常由if, unless，as long as（只要）等引导。例如：What shall we do if it snows tomorrow?Dont leave the building unless I t

34、ell you to.Unless you hurry, youll miss the early bus.(2)在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态，即主将从现。例如：Ill help you with your English if am free tomorrow.He wont be late unless he is ill.(3) 祈使句 + and / or + 简单句(常用将来时),.在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句，通常可转换为If / Unless引导的条件状语从句。例如：Study hard ,and you will pass the

35、exam.=If you study hard, you will pass the exam.Hurry up, or you will miss the early bus. Unless you hurry up, youll miss the early bus.=If you dont hurry up, miss the early bus.3. 原因状语从句(1)原因状语从句通常由由because (因为)、since(既然) 、as(由于)、for(由于)等引导。because表示直接原因，语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，只能用

36、because。As和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。for用来补充说明一种理由， For引导的句子不放在句子的开头。例如：I decided to stop and have lunch,for I was feeling quite hungry.-Why arent going there? -Because I dont want to.Tom was late for school this morning because he missed the early bus.As he has no car, he cant g

37、et there easily.Since we are all here, Lets begin .Because 与so这两个连词同样不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说“Because John was ill, so I took him to the doctor.” 这个句子应改为Because John was ill, I took him to the doctor.或John was ill, so I took him to the doctor.。对because引导的原因状语从句提问时,特殊疑问词用why,然后转换为一般疑问句.如果主句是否定句,变为一般疑问句否定词

38、要提前.例如：He didnt come to school because he was ill. Why didnt he come to school? 4. 结果状语从句(1)结果状语从句由so.that或such. that (如此.以致) 引导。其肯定形式通常可以转换为enough to;其否定形式通常转换tooto.也可由so that (因此)引导。例如：Im so tired that I cant walk any farther.She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her.My pencil fell under

39、 the desk, so that I couldnt see it.一些重要句型转换：) “so that +否定句”与“too to”的替换eg. He is so young that he cant go to school.= He is too young to go to school(主、从句主语相同)He ran so fast that we couldnt catch up with him.= He ran too fast for us to catch up with. (主、从句主语不同)The box is so heavy that I cant carry

40、 it= The box is too heavy for me to carry.(注意carry后省去宾语it)2）“so that +从句”与“enough to”的替换eg.Hes so strong that he can carry the box.= Hes strong enough to carry the box.2)The question is so easy that I can answer it=The question is easy enough for me to answer(2)sothat语such.that可以互换。例如：在由so.that引导的结果

41、状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词或副词连用。其结构是: “.so + 形容词（副词）+ that + 从句”。例如：He was so glad that he couldnt say a word.The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people.Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her.在由suchthat引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。例如

42、：It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything. He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term exam.有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。例如：It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.=The film was so wonderfu

43、l that all of us wanted to see it again.It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it.=The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it.(3)如果名词前由many, much, little, few等词修饰时，只能用so, 不用such。例如：Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.He has so little time tha

44、t he cant go to the cinema with you.5. 比较状语从句比较状语从句通常由asas（其否定式为not so .as）, 比较级 + than等连词引导。例如：Tom runs faster than John does.This classroom is as big as that one.The work isnt so easy as I thought.这项工作比我想象得难。6. 目的状语从句(1)目的状语从句通常由 so that, in order that引导，so that可以转换为in order to或to do sth.例如：We started early so that we could catch the first train.We used the computer in order that we might save time.(2)so that既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个：1)目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can, could, may, might等。2)从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如：Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的状语从句)Jack is badly ill so th