历年考研英语翻译汇总(完美打印版)(共6页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上2010年46.scinentists jumped to the resure withsomedistimctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eatusup of birds failed to control them46.科学家们赶紧拿出某些明显站不住脚的证据前来救驾，大致说的是如果鸟儿不能控制害虫的话，害虫就会把我们吃掉。47.but we have at least drawn near the pointofadmitting that birds should continue as

2、 a matter ofintrinsicright,regardless of the presence or absence of economicadvantageto us47.但是我们至少已经几乎承认了这样一种观点：那就是鸟儿的生存是它们的固有权利，不管它对我们是否有经济利益。48.time was when biologists somewhat overwordedthe evidence that these creatures preserve the health of gamebykilling the physically weak,or that they prey

3、only on“worthlessspecies48.曾几何时，生物学家总是重述以下的这条证据：这些生物是为了维持食物链的正常运行去捕食弱小的生物或“没有价值的物种”。49.in europe,whereforestry is ecologically more advanced ,the ncommercialtreespecies are recognized ad mrs of native forest community ,tobepreserved as such ,within reason49.在生态林业较为先进的欧洲，没有成为商业化对象的树种被视为原始森林群落的成员适当地加以

4、保护。50.It tends to ignore,andthus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the landcommunitythat lack commercial value, but that are essential to itshealthyning.50.他容易忽视并最终消灭很多缺乏商业价值的物种，然而这些物种对于整个生物群落的健康运行是至关重要的。2009年46.It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its ef

5、fect in enlarging and improving experience ,but this effect is not a part of its original motive 可以说,任何社会机构价值的衡量在扩大和改进的效果，但这种效果并不是它的原始动机。47. Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted. and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of th

6、e institution。只能是机构的附带结果被逐渐的提及；也仍然只能是在机构行动中作为指导性因素的结果才能逐渐的被提及。48. while it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition. it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.在我们接触他们（指代不清）的时候，很容易忽略我们处于他们位置的行为结果，然而在我们处理与成年人的关系时，却不是那么容易忽略这一点。49. Since our chief busine

7、ss with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.既然我们对他们（代词指代不清）的主要任务是使他们能够与我们共同生活，所以我们就不得不考虑我们是否正在形成一种能确保这种能力的势力。50. We are thus led to distinguish. within the broad educational process which

8、we have been so far considering. a more formal kind of education-that of direct tuition or schooling.因此在我们目前为止一直认真思考的漫长的的教育进程中，我们被引导去识别更加正式的教育，即直接支付学费或者奖学金2008年46 he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sente

9、nce, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations,他相信，或许这种困难也有其好处，正是这种困难促使他能够长时间专注地思考每一个句子；从而能够在推理和自己的观察中发现错误。47 He asserts, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never

10、could have succeeded with mathematics.达尔文还声称，对于冗长且完全抽象的思想，他的理解能力十分有限。因为这个原因，他确信自己在数学方面根本不会成功。 48 On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.另一方面，有些评论认为尽管达尔文善于观察，却并不善于推理。达尔文并不接受此种言论，认为这是没

11、有根据的。试题解析 49 He adds humbly that perhaps he was superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.他谦逊地补充道，或许他比普通人更能够注意到那些容易忽视的细节，并对其进行仔细的观察。50 Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but mi

12、ght possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.达尔文坚信，失去这些（对音乐和绘画的）兴趣，不仅会失去幸福，而且还可能损害智力发展，甚至可能损害道德。2007年（1）Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equi

13、pment of an educated person.传统上来说，法学知识一直被认为是律师们的专利，而非受过教育的人们必需的知识装备。（2）On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.另一方面，法律把日常生活和这些概念联系起来的方式，与记者们在日常基础上，在报道和评论新闻时联系这两者的方式

14、很相似。（3）But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the new media.但是认为记者必须比普通公民更深谙法律的观点，主要来自于对新闻媒体久已有之的传统和特殊责任的理解。（4）In fact, it is difficult to see how journ

15、alists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.事实上，很难看到对加拿大宪法的基本特点缺乏了解的记者能对政治事件作出具有竞争力的报道。（5）While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions

16、 of significance and make their own judgments.虽则来自律师的评论和反应能使事件的报道增色不少，记者们依赖自己的是非观念去作出自己的判断则更为可取。(最后要附带说说做题的模式，划线句子是得分的关键，不划线的部分一般不用看，除非在划线句子中的重要位置出现了代词，通常就是指主语是代词，那么最好把前面一句非划线部分的句子读清楚，一般就可以得出结论了。做题的时间最好不要超过20分钟，如果可以在15分钟之内把题目做完就最好。)(姐觉得说得好，不删了)2006年：1. I shall define him as an individual who has ele

17、cted as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic苏格拉底way about moral problems。我认为，知识分子的定义是这样的：他选择使用苏格拉底式的方式来思考道德问题，将此作为自己人生的首要任务，并从中获得乐趣。2. His function is analogous to that of a judge , who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible t

18、he course of reasoning which led him to his decision。他的职责与法官相似，要尽可能清楚明白地展示自己作出决定的推理过程，这是他必须承担的责任。3. I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems , he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those prob

19、lems 。 我将普通科学家排除在外的原因是，尽管他的成果可能有助于解决道德问题，但是他承担的任务只不过是研究这些问题的事实方面而已。4. But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business。但是，正如我们并不期望商人专注于探索商业行为的准则一样，

20、普通科学家的首要任务也不是考虑支配自己行为的道德规范。5. They may teach very well , and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment。知识分子可能很善于教书，而且不仅仅是为了挣钱。但是，对于涉及道德判断的人类问题，他们大多数人很少或者根本没有进行独立思考。2005年：1. Television is one of the means b

21、y which these feelings are created and conveyedand perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe。电视是引发和传播这些感受的方式之一在连接不同民族和国家之间的关系方面，电视以前也许还从来没有像在欧洲最近发生的事件中那样，起过如此重大的作用。2. In Europe , as elsewhere multimedia groups have been incr

22、easingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another 。像其他地方一样，欧洲的多媒体集团变得越来越成功，他们把相互之间关系密切的电视、广播、报纸、杂志、出版社组合在一起。3. This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in a fa

23、ct underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989。仅这一点就足以表明，要在电视行业里生存不是一件容易的事情；有统计数字进一步说明了这个事实，在1989年欧洲80个电视网中，有50%以上的出现了亏损。4. Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make

24、up the connecting fabric of the Old continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice。不同的文化和传统把欧洲大陆编织在一起，要创造出一种尊重这些不同文化和传统的“欧洲特征”绝非易事，需要做出战略性的选择。5. In dealing with a challenge on such a scale , it is no exaggeration to say “United we stand, divided we fall”。在应对如此规模挑战的过程中，可以毫不夸张地说：“联合，我们就胜利；分裂

25、，我们就失败”。2004年：1. The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought ， which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse language could be。希腊人认为，语言结构与思维过程之间存在着某种联系。早在人们认识到语言可能是千差万别的之前，这种观点就在欧洲扎下了根。2. We are obliged to them because some of

26、 these languages have since vanished， as the people who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages。我们非常感激他们，因为随着讲这些语言的民族的消亡或者被同化，这些民族也就丧失了自己的本族语言，其中一些语言在此之后就不复存在了。3. The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Eur

27、ope and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data。新近被描述的语言与已被充分研究过的欧洲语言和东南亚语言明显不同，因此有些学者甚至指责博尔斯和萨皮尔的资料是编造出来的。4. Being interested in the relationship of the language and thought ，Whorf developed the idea that the structure of the language determines the s

28、tructure of habitual thought in a society 。由于对语言与思维的关系非常感兴趣，沃夫形成了这样一个观点： 语言结构决定一个社会的习惯思维结构。5. Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which，in its strongest form，states that language imprisons the mind，and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce farreaching conseque

29、nces for the culture of a society。沃夫进而相信某种类似语言决定论的观点，该观点极端地认为： 语言束缚思维，语言的语法结构能够对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响。2003年： 1. Furthermore ，humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live， thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies。而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而使其他所有形式的生命服从与他

30、们自己特有的想法和想象。2. Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned，orderly，systematic，and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena。社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它试图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性的、有序的、系统的和客观的方式来研究人类

31、及其行为。3. The emphasis on data gathered firsthand ， combined with a crosscultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present ，makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science。强调收集第一手资料，并在分析过去和现在的文化时采用跨文化视角，使得这一研究成为一门独特的、非常重要的社会科学。4. Tylor defined culture as“that

32、complex whole which includes belief，art，morals，law，custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society”。泰勒把文化定义为“一个复合整体，它包括人作为社会成员所获得的信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其他的能力和习惯”。5. Thus，the anthropological concept of “culture” ，like the concept of “set” in mathematics，is an abstract co

33、ncept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding。因此，人类学中的“文化”的概念，就像数学中“集”的概念一样，是一个抽象概念，它使得大量的具体研究和认识成为可能。（or：因此，就像数学中“集”的概念一样，人类学中的“文化”的概念是一个抽象概念，它使得大量的具体研究和认识成为可能。）2002年：1. One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace beh

34、avior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on 。难题之一在于几乎所有的所谓行为科学仍然是从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去探究行为的根源。2. The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations ha

35、ve been hard to find 。行为科学之所以发展缓慢，部分地是因为对行为的解释好像经常可以直接观察到，部分地是因为一直难以找到其他的解释。3. The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago , and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning

36、 to be recognized and studied。自然选择在进化中的作用仅仅在一百多年前才得以阐明，而对于环境在塑造和维持个体行为中的选择作用则刚刚才开始得到认识和研究。4. They are the possessions of the autonomous selfgoverning man of traditional theory , and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achieve

37、ments。自由和尊严是传统理论中自主人所拥有的东西，也是一个人在对自己的行为负责并因其成就而受到赞扬的实践中所必不可少的东西。5. Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems 。除非这些问题得到解决，否则行为科学将会继续受到排斥，随之，唯一有可能解决问题的方法也将受到排斥。2001年1. There will be television chat sh

38、ows hosted by robots ， and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend。届时将会出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目，也会有装备着污染监控器的汽车，一旦汽车的排污超标，监控器就会使其停驶。2. Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips ， computers with inbuilt personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than too

39、ls ， relaxation will be in front of smelltelevision， and digital age will have arrived。儿童将会与装有个性化芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有个性内置的计算机将成为 人们的 工友而非工具，人们将在气味电视前休闲，届时数字时代就到来了。3. Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives

40、 the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place 。皮尔逊把世界各地数百位研究人员的成果汇集在一起，制成了一个具有独特技术的千年历，我们有望从中看到数百项重大突破和发现的最晚日期。4. But that，Pearson points out，is only the start of manmachine integration : “It will be the beginning of the long process of integration

41、that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century ”。但是皮尔逊指出，这个突破仅仅只是人机一体化的开始：它是人机一体化漫长道路的第一步，到下个世纪末之前，将会最终研制出完全电子化的仿真人。5. And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disord

42、erkitchen rage 。家用电器将会变得智能化，以至于对它们的控制和操作将会引发一种新的心理疾病厨房狂热症。2000年：1. Under modern conditions ，this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts 。在现代条件下，这要求不同程度的中央控制，因此需要获得专业科学家的帮助，例如经济学家和运筹学领域的专家。2. Fu

43、rthermore ，it is obvious that the strength of a countrys economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry ，and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds 。此外，显而易见的是，一个国家的经济实力与其工农业的生产效率直接相关，而工农业生产效率的提高又有赖于各类科学家和技术人员的努力。3. Owin

44、g to the remarkable development in mass communications ，people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas， while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above 。大众通讯的显著发展，使各地的人们感到有新的需求，也接触到一些新的习俗和观念，基于上述原因，政府常常得推出更

45、进一步的革新。4. In the early in industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization with all the farreaching changes in social patterns that followedwas spread over nearly a century ， whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so 。早期实现工业化的欧洲国家，其工业化的进程以

46、及随之而来的所有意义深远的社会结构变革持续了大约一个世纪，然而，如今一个发展中国家10年左右就可能经历这样一个过程。5. Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movementsthemselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport 。人口的猛增，或者大量的人口流动 如今，现代交通手段使得这种流动相对容易起来 产生的问题也会对社会造成新的压力。（or：如今，现代交通手段使得大量的人口流动变得相对容易起来；人人口猛增或者大量人口流动产生的问题也会对社会造成新的压力。）专心-专注-专业