复合句与简单句的转换技巧(共29页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上复合句与简单句的转换技巧一、含宾语的复合句转换为简单句即将宾语转换成相应的短语。如：We expected that you would come. 我们希望你来。We expected you to come. 我们希望你来。Now tell me what I should do. 现在告诉我该怎么办。Now tell me what to do. 现在告诉我该怎么办。I remember I once met her at a party. 我记得在一次晚会上见过他。I remember once meeting her at a party. 我记得在一次晚会

2、上见过他。I ask him what I shall do. 我问他该怎么办。I ask him what to do. 我问他该怎么办。I cant decide whom I should invite. 我不能决定该邀请谁。I cant decide whom to invite. 我不能决定该邀请谁。二、含状语的复合句转换成简单句即将状语转换成状语短语。如：He cant come because he is ill. 他因病不能来。He cant come because of his illness. 他因病不能来。Turn off the light before you le

3、ave. 离开前请关灯。Turn off the light before leaving. 离开前请关灯。He went home after he finished his work. 他做完工作后就回家了。He went home after finishing his work. 他做完工作后就回家了。He was so angry that he couldnt speak. 他气得话都说不出来。He was too angry too speak. 他气得话都说不出来。He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam. 他努力

4、学习以便能考及格。He studied hard in order to pass the exam. 他努力学习以便能考及格。句型变换陈述句变1. 变成一般将陈述句变成一般，要根据陈述句中的谓语动词及其确定疑问形式。其句型特点一般是：助动词或 + 主语 + 谓语 + 动词 + 其他？如：The policeman told the boys not to play football in the street. (甘肃省中考题) _ the policeman _ the boys not to play football in the street?答案：Did, tell2. 变成特殊将

5、陈述句变成特殊时，常用的方法是“一选，二移，三变，四代”。“一选”就是选择疑问词，被选择的疑问代词有：what, which, who, whose；疑问副词有：where, when, why, how；疑问副词词组有：how long, how often, how soon, how far, how many, how much, how old等。“二移”就是把be动词，助动词或移到句首。“三变”就是将原句中第一个单词的首字母改为小写(专有名词除外)，将some, something等改为any, anything等，将句号改为问号。四代就是将选好的特殊疑问词替代划线部分。如：(西宁

6、市中考题)At the age of three, David weighed 20 kilos. (就划线部分提问)_ did David weigh at the age of three?答案：How much3. 变成选择将陈述句变成一般，在问号前加上“or + 所给的被选择部分”。如：(新疆中考题)Most young men like popular music. (用 rock music 改为选择)_ most young men like popular music _ rock music?答案：Do, or4. 变成反意 陈述句变成反意疑问句时一定要遵循“前肯定，后否定；

7、前否定，后肯定”的原则。历年中考常考的六种特殊的反意是在英语口语中，I am后面的附加疑问部分常用arent I；There be. 后面的附加疑问部分一般用be(not)there；在Let us.后面，常用will you；Lets.后面，常用shall we；had better后面，附加疑问部分的助动词用had；当陈述部分是祈使句时，附加疑问部分通常用will you或wont you。如：(from )Miss King hardly spoke a word the whole time. (广州市中考题)Miss King hardly spoke a word the whol

8、e time, _ _? 答案：did she句型变换肯定句变成1. 若原句中有动词be原句中含有be动词(am, is, are, was, were) 和助动词(have, has, had) 和(can, shall, will, may, should, would, might, had better等)时，要在动词后直接加not。如：His mother has already called the police for help. (乌鲁木齐市中考题)His mother _ called the police for help _. (答案：hasnt, yet)2. 若原句中

9、没有动词be原句中没有be动词，助动词或时，要在行为动词前加助动词(do, does, did)与否定副词not的缩写形式。另外，还需要将原句子中的some改为any； too改either；already改为yet。还需要分清do, have等是实义动词还是助动词。如：The old man hurt his leg last Wednesday. (西宁市中考题)The old man _ _ his leg last Wednesday. (答案：didnt hurt)3. 若原句中有原句中含有every, everything, all, both等或bothand, a lot of

10、 等短语时，与否定副词not连用属部分否定。把这些变成neither, none, no one或把bothand变成neithernor时，才是全部否定。如： Both Joy and Sam like singing Beijing Opera. (新疆中考题)_ Joy _ Sam likes singing Beijing Opera.(答案：Neither, nor)4. 若原句为复合句在含有宾语的主从复合句中，当主句的主语是第一人称，谓语动词是think时，如果要否定后面的宾语，习惯上否定主句的谓语动词。如： I think she will come here soon. I d

11、ont think she will come here soon.如何将陈述句变为一、变为一般将陈述句变成一般，要根据陈述句中的谓语动词及其确定疑问形式。其句型特点一般是：助动词或 + 主语 + 谓语 + 动词 + 其他？如：The policeman told the boys not to play football in the street. (甘肃省中考题) _ the policeman _ the boys not to play football in the street?答案：Did, tell二、变为特殊将陈述句变成特殊时，常用的方法是“一选，二移，三变，四代”。“一选

12、”就是选择疑问词，被选择的疑问代词有：what, which, who, whose；疑问副词有：where, when, why, how；疑问副词词组有：how long, how often, how soon, how far, how many, how much, how old等。“二移”就是把be动词，助动词或移到句首。“三变”就是将原句中第一个单词的首字母改为小写(专有名词除外)，将some, something等改为any, anything等，将句号改为问号。四代就是将选好的特殊疑问词替代划线部分。如：(西宁市中考题)At the age of three, David

13、weighed 20 kilos. (就划线部分提问)_ did David weigh at the age of three?答案：How much三、变为选择将陈述句变成一般，在问号前加上“or + 所给的被选择部分”。如：(新疆中考题)Most young men like popular music. (用 rock music 改为选择)_ most young men like popular music _ rock music?答案：Do, or (from )四、变为反意陈述句变成反意疑问句时一定要遵循“前肯定，后否定；前否定，后肯定”的原则。历年中考常考的六种特殊的反意是

14、在英语口语中，I am后面的附加疑问部分常用arent I；There be. 后面的附加疑问部分一般用be(not)there；在Let us.后面，常用will you；Lets.后面，常用shall we；had better后面，附加疑问部分的助动词用had；当陈述部分是祈使句时，附加疑问部分通常用will you或wont you。如：Miss King hardly spoke a word the whole time. (广州市中考题)Miss King hardly spoke a word the whole time, _ _? 答案：did she肯定句变的技巧一、动词

15、后直接加not。原句中含有be动词(am, is, are, was, were) 和助动词(have, has, had) 和(can, shall, will, may, should, would, might, had better等)时，要在动词后直接加not。如：His mother has already called the police for help. (乌鲁木齐市中考题)His mother _ called the police for help _. (答案：hasnt, yet)二、原句中没有be动词，助动词或时，要在行为动词前加助动词(do, does, did

16、)与否定副词not的缩写形式。另外，还需要将原句子中的some改为any； too改either；already改为yet。还需要分清do, have等是实义动词还是助动词。如(from )：The old man hurt his leg last Wednesday. (西宁市中考题)The old man _ _ his leg last Wednesday. (答案：didnt hurt)三、原句中含有every, everything, all, both等或bothand, a lot of 等短语时，与否定副词not连用属部分否定。把这些变成neither, none, no o

17、ne或把bothand变成neithernor时，才是全部否定。如： Both Joy and Sam like singing Beijing Opera. (新疆中考题)_ Joy _ Sam likes singing Beijing Opera.(答案：Neither, nor)四、在含有宾语的主从复合句中，当主句的主语是第一人称，谓语动词是think时，如果要否定后面的宾语，习惯上否定主句的谓语动词。如： I think she will come here soon. I dont think she will come here soon.同义句变换根据句意改写主要考查学生对句意

18、的理解和用一个词或一种结构来概括上句的意思的综合能力。如：1. Li Hua and Zhang Ming are the same age. Li Hua is _ _ _ Zhang Ming.【答案】as old / young as。第一句的意思是“李华和张明同岁”，第二句是说“李华和张明年纪一样大”。2. How many people live in France? _ _ the population of France?【答案】What is。第一句的意思是“法国有多少人?”第二句的意思是“法国的人口有多少?” 3. The runner fell behind the oth

19、ers though he did what he could. The runner _ to keep up with the others though he _ his _.【答案】failed; tried; best。第一句意思是：虽然这名赛跑选手尽了全力，但还是落在了别人的后面。第二句的意思是：虽然这名赛跑选手尽了全力，但还是跟不上别人。4. Before talking, he told me his name and I told him my name . We _ _ _ _ before talking.【答案】told each others names。第一句意思是

20、：谈话前，他告诉了我他的名字，我也告诉他我的名字。第二句的意思是：谈话前，我们相互告知了对方的名字。5. She has been away from Shanghai for over one year. More than one year has _ since she _ Shanghai.【答案】passed; left。第一句的意思是：她离开上海已经一年多了。第二句的意思是：自从她离开上海，一年多已经过去了。6. Walk along the street, then take the third crossing on the right. Walk down the stree

21、t, then _ _ at the third crossing.【答案】turn right。两句都是告知他人去某地的路线的常用语，其句意都是：沿着这条街走，然后在第三个拐弯处右转。同义句变换利用改写即运用关系代词、关系副词或从属连词改写。如：1. The man is talking with a lady. He gave us a talk last week. The man _ gave us a talk last week _ _ with a lady.【答案】who / that; is talking。定语who / that gave us a talk last w

22、eek修饰先行词the man。2. He didnt want to miss the first bus, so he got up early. He got up early _ _ he could catch the first bus.【答案】so that。目的状语so that he could catch the first bus说明动词got up early的目的。3. “Did you sleep well last night?” David asked her. David asked her _ _ _ well last night.【答案】if / whe

23、ther she slept。直接引语转换成间接引语时，如果直接引语是一般时，连接词要用if或whether，句子保持陈述句的语序。 4. Come on, or well miss the early bus._ we _ hurry, well miss the early bus. 【答案】 If; don t。if 引导条件状语。句意为：如果我们还不快一点，我们就赶不上头班车了。祈使句与条件状语的相互转换。5. John will go to bed after he finished his homework. John _ to bed _ he finished his home

24、work.【答案】didnt; until。notuntil表示“直到才”的意思。同义句变换利用so do I改写 “so动词主语”结构，表示肯定，译为“某人(物) 也如此”。“neithernor 动词主语”结构表示否定， 译为“某人(物) 也不”。这两种结构指前一句所说的情况同样也适合另一个人或物。转换时应注意四点：1. 动词指助动词、be动词或；2. 动词在上与前句呼应；3. 动词在数上要与本句主语保持一致；4. 表示否定时，neithernor本身具有否定意义，动词要用肯定形式。 1. Jim wants to go boating and his parents want to go

25、 boating, too. Jim wants to go boating, and _ _ his parents. 【答案】so do。主语是复数his parents, 是一般现在时，助动词用do。2. I like playing tennis. He likes playing tennis, too. I like playing tennis, _ _ he. 【答案】so does。主语是第三人称单数，是一般现在时，助动词用does。同义句变换利用连词改写(1. 运用关联连词(组) both.and, neither.nor, either.or, not only.but

26、also, as well as等，可将并列句或两个句子合并为一个简单句，注意neither.nor, either.or, not only.but also作主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则。 1. Lucy cant sing the English song Yesterday Once More. And Lily cant sing it, either. _ Lucy_ Lily can sing the English song Yesterday Once More. 【答案】Neither; nor。neither.nor表示 “() 都不”。 2. My father isn

27、t a history teacher. My mother isnt a history teacher, either. _ my father _ my mother _ a history teacher.【答案】Neither; nor; is。neither nor 作句子的主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，与最邻近的那个名词或代词保持数的一致。3. Alice has seen the film twice. Sandy has seen it twice, too. _ Alice_ Sandy have seen the film twice.【答案】Both; and。bo

28、thand 表示“()都”。4. This store sells mens shoes, and it also sells mens clothes. This store sells _ _ mens shoes _ _ mens clothes.【答案】not only; but also。not only.but also示“不仅而且”之意。同义句变换利用短语改写1. We have friends in the whole world. Our friends are _ _ the world.【答案】all over。固定词组all over表示“遍及”之意。2. Its a

29、long time since we met last. We havent seen each other _ _.【答案】for long。for long意为“很长一段时间”。3. He walks to school every day. He goes to school _ _ every day.【答案】on foot。固定词组on foot意为“步行”。4. Tom had no time for breakfast. He went to school in a hurry. Tom _ to school _ breakfast.【答案】went; without。with

30、out有“没有，不(带) ”之意。5. I met one of my friends when I was going to the museum. _ _ _ to the museum I met an old friend of mine.【答案】On my way。短语on ones way to 表示“在某人去的路上”的意思。同义句变换利用改写1. The foreigners want to know how they can learn Chinese Kongfu well. The foreigners want to know _ _ learn Chinese Kong

31、fu well. 【答案】how to。与特殊疑问词what, when, where, how, which, whether连用构成复合结构，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。2. She was so weak that she couldnt take care of her baby. She was _ weak _ take care of her baby. 【答案】too; to。原句意思是：她身体太弱，不能照顾孩子。tooto 句型表示“太以致于(不能)”之意。3. She seems to be worried now. _ _ that she _ worried

32、 now.【答案】It seems; is。固定句型 It seems / seemed that sb 可替换成sb seems / seemed to ，表示“某人看起来”。 4. He was so happy that he couldnt say a word when he was told the news. He was _ happy _ say a word when he was told the news.【答案】too; to。tooto 表示“太而不能”之意。5. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldnt

33、 skate on it.The ice on the lake was not _ enough _people _ _ _ it.【答案】thick; for; to skate on。形容词或副词+enough +to do sth,意为“足够以致于能够”，用来替换“sothat+结果状语”。6. In China we build the Great Green Wall so that the wind wont blow the earth away. In China we build the Great Green Wall _ _ _ _ _ _ the earth away

34、.【答案】to stop the wind from blowing。作目的状语。同义句变换利用改写中考同义句改写中涉及的时态间的相互转换主要是针对一般过去时与现在完成时两种间的转换而言的，应特别注意非延续性动词的用法。如：1. The film began 20 minutes ago. The film has been _ _ 20 minutes. 【答案】on for。短暂动词begin，在此意为“(电影) 开始(放映、上演) ”，不能与延续时间状语连用，与延续性时间状语连用时，将begin 改成be up。has been提示时态是现在完成， “for+时间段” 表示“持续(一段时

35、间) ”，常用在含有现在完成的句子里。2. Sams grandfather died 10 years ago. Sams grandfather has been _ _ 10 years. 【答案】dead for。短暂动词die，意为“死亡”，不能与延续性时间状语连用，与延续性时间状语连用时，将短暂动词die改为be dead。3. My grandpa joined the Party thirty years ago. My grandpa _ _ _ the Party for thirty years. 【答案】has been in。短暂动词join，意为“参加，加入(组织，

36、政党)”，不能与延续性时间状语连用，与延续性时间状语连用时，将join 改成be in 或be a member in。4. I got up half an hour ago. I _ _ up for half an hour. 【答案】have been。短暂动词get up，意为“起床”，不能与延续时间状语连用，与延续性时间状语连用时，将get up 改成be up。5. Three years has passed since the students came to this school. The students have _ _ this school for three y

37、ears.【答案】been in。与原句意思一致，“学生在这所学校里已3年了”。同义句变换利用语态改写通过改变主语，主动语态与被动语态之间可进行同义句转换，特别要注意、的用法。如：1. People grow rice in the south of China. Rice_ _ in the south of China.【答案】is grown。rice作主语，助动词用一般现在时的is。2. Everyone should give back his library books on time. Library books should _ _ on time.【答案】be given b

38、ack。被动句中含有should，因此助动词用be。3. It is widely accepted that more people use computers in the world today. Computers _ widely _ in the world today. 【答案】are; used。computers是复数名词作主语，助动词用are，且句子用被动语态。4. We must keep the noise level under 50dbs(分贝). The noise level must _ _ under 50dbs. 【答案】be kept。被动句中含must

39、，因此助动词用be。5. Do they grow rice in autumn? rice in autumn?【答案】Is; grown。不rice作主语, 助动词用单数is，一般的助动词置于句首。6. We call maths the language of science. Maths _ _ the language of science. 【答案】is called。主语maths虽然是以s结尾，但并不是名词的复数，因此助动词仍用单数is。同义句变换利用反义词改写用反义词或词组加上否定词表达与原句相同的意思，主要考查学生对反义词、词组的积累和换位思维的能力。如：1. The bo

40、y lent a story-book to Tom just now.Tom _ a story-book _ the boy just now.【答案】borrowed; from。borrowfrom意为“从借来”；而lendto意为“向借出”，两个词组正好为一组反义词组，当句子的主语变化时，两个词组可以进行互换。2. The factory is not far from here. It only takes you ten minutes by bike.The factory is _here. Its only ten minutes_.【答案】near; bike-ride。

41、not far的意思是“不远，近”，可用形容词near与之转换。3. I think music is less interesting than P.E. I _think music is _interesting than P.E.【答案】dont; more。less interesting的意思是“没有 / 不及有趣”，与之相反more interesting的意思是“(比) 更有趣”。 语言现象“否定的转移”要求将think后面宾语中的否定形式转移到think 上。4. The bike under the tree is different from this one.The b

42、ike under the tree isnt the _ _this one.【答案】same as。the same as意为“与相同”，而反义词组 be different from 意为“与不同”。同义句变换利用同义词改写用同义词或同义词组对原句中的某些词或词组进行替换，注意替换后的词或词组的词形变化要与句子其他成分相适应。如：1. They could see icebergs here and there.They could see icebergs _.【答案】everywhere。everywhere与here and there都有“到处”之意。2. Mrs Green a

43、lways takes good care of the children in the school. Mrs Green always _ _ the children well in the school.【答案】looks after。take good care of 与look afterwell都有“好好照顾”之意。3. Lin Tao is good at physics.Lin Tao_ _ in physics.【答案】does well。be good at与do well in都有“在(方面) 做得好，擅长于”之意。4. I like Backstreet Boys. But he likes F4 better.He_ F4_ Backstreet Boys.【答案】prefers, to。词组prefer A to B 意为“选择A(而不选择B)；比起 B 来，更喜欢A”。5. Mother is ill. Send for a doctor right away.Mother is ill. Send for a doctor _ _.【答案】at once。right away与at once 都有“马上”之意。6. They enjoyed themselves at the gard