戴炜栋新编英语语言学判断正误题集(共7页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Chapter I IntroductionT 1. Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language.F 2.Linguistics studies particular language, not languages in general.F 3. A scientific study of language is based on what the linguist thinks.T 4. In the study of linguistics, hypotheses for

2、med should be based on language facts and checked against the observed facts.T 5. General linguistics is generally the study of language as a whole.T 6. General linguistics, which relates itself to(in contrast to) the research of other areas, studies the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, model

3、s and methods applicable in any linguistic study.T 7. Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication.F 8. Morphology studies how words can be formed to produce meaningful sentences.T 9. The study of the ways in which

4、 morphemes can be combined to form words is called morphology.F 10. Syntax(rules that govern the combination of words to form grammatically permissible sentences in L) is different from morphology in that the former not only studies the morphemes, but also the combination of morphemes into words and

5、 words into sentences.T 11. The study of meaning in language is known as semantics.F 12. Both semantics(L is used to convey meaning- the study of meaning) and pragmatics( the study of meaning is conducted in the context of language use) study meanings.T 13. Pragmatics is different from semantics in

6、that pragmatics studies meaning not in isolation, but in context.T 14.Social changes can often bring about language changes.T 15. Sociolinguistics is the study of language in relation to society.F 16. Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descriptive.T 17. Modern linguistics is di

7、fferent from traditional grammar.F 18. A diachronic历时（it changes through time） study of language is the description of language at some point in time. Synchronic 共时F 19 Modern linguistics regards the written language as primary, not the spoken language.F 20. The distinction between competence语言能力 an

8、d performance语言运用 was proposed by F. de Saussure. N. ChomskyChapter 2：Phonology 1.Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in both Chinese and English.(T) 2.If two phonetically similar sounds occur in the same environments and they distinguish meaning, they are said to be in comp

9、lementary distribution.（F） 3.A phone is a phonetic unit that distinguishes meaning. （F）4.English is a tone language while Chinese is not. （F）5.In linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writing.（T） 6.In everyday communication, speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of infor

10、mation conveyed. （T）7.Articulatory phonetics tries to describe the physical properties of the stream of sounds which a speaker issues with the help of a machine called spectrograph. （F）8.The articulatory apparatus of a human being are contained in three important areas: the throat, the mouth and the

11、 chest. （F）9.Vibration of the vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called voicing. （T）10. English consonants can be classified in terms of place of articulation and the part of the tongue that is raised the highest. （F）11. According to the manner of articulation, some of the types into

12、which the consonants can be classified are stops, fricatives, bilabial and alveolar. （F）12. Vowel sounds can be differentiated by a number of factors: the position of tongue in the mouth, the openness of the mouth, the shape of the lips, and the length of the vowels. （T）13. According to the shape of

13、 the lips, vowels can be classified into close vowels, semi-close vowels, semi-open vowels and open vowels. （F）14. Any sound produced by a human being is a phoneme. （F）15. Phones are the sounds that can distinguish meaning. （F）16. Phonology is concerned with how the sounds can be classified into dif

14、ferent categories. （F）17. A basic way to determine the phonemes of a language is to see if substituting one sound for another results in a change of meaning. （T）18. When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment which occurs in the same place in the strings, the two

15、 words are said to form a phonemic contrast. （F）19. The rules governing the phonological patterning are language specific. （T）20. Distinctive features of sound segments can be found running over a sequence of two or more phonemic segments.（T）Chapter 3：Morphology 1. Morphology studies the internal st

16、ructure of words and the rules by which words are formed.（T）2.Words are the smallest meaningful units of language. （F）3. Just as a phoneme is the basic unit in the study of phonology, so is a morpheme the basic unit in the study of morphology.（T）4. The smallest meaningful units that can be used free

17、ly all by themselves are free morphemes.（T）5. Bound morphemes include two types: roots and affixes.（T）6. Inflectional morphemes manifest various grammatical relations or grammatical categories such as number, tense, degree, and case.（T）7. The existing form to which a derivational affix can be added

18、is called a stem, which can be a bound root, a free morpheme, or a derived form itself.（T）8. Prefixes usually modify the part of speech of the original word, not the meaning of it.（F）9. There are rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of stem to form a new word. Therefore, words for

19、med according to the morphological rules are acceptable words.（F）10. Phonetically, the stress of a compound always falls on the first element, while the second element receives secondary stress.（T）Chapter 4： 1. Syntax is a subfied of linguistics that studies the sentence structure of language, inclu

20、ding the combination of morphemes into words. （F）2.Grammatical sentences are formed following a set of syntactic rules.（T） 3. Sentences are composed of sequence of words arranged in a simple linear order, with one adding onto another following a simple arithmetic logic.（F）4.Universally found in the

21、grammars of all human languages, syntactic rules that comprise the system of internalized linguistic knowledge of a language speaker are known as linguistic competence. （T）5. The syntactic rules of any language are finite in number, but there is no limit to the number of sentences native speakers of

22、 that language are able to produce and comprehend. （T）6. In a complex sentence, the two clauses hold unequal status, one subordinating the other. （T）7. Constituents that can be substituted for one another without loss of grammaticality belong to the same syntactic category.（T）8. Minor lexical catego

23、ries are open because these categories are not fixed and new members are allowed for.（F）9. In English syntactic analysis, four phrasal categories are commonly recognized and discussed, namely, noun phrase, verb phrase, infinitive phrase, and auxiliary phrase. （F）10. In English the subject usually pr

24、ecedes the verb and the direct object usually follows the verb.（T）11.What is actually internalized in the mind of a native speaker is a complete list of words and phrases rather than grammatical knowledge.（F）12. A noun phrase must contain a noun, but other elements are optional.（T）13. It is believed

25、 that phrase structure rules, with the insertion of the lexicon, generate sentences at the level of D-structure.（T）14. WH-movement is obligatory in English which changes a sentence from affirmative to interrogative.（T）Chapter 5 Semantics 1. Dialectal synonyms can often be found in different regional

26、 dialects such as British English and American English but cannot be found within the variety itself, for example, within British English or American English. （F）2. Sense is concerned with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience, while the reference

27、 deals with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form. （F）3. Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations. （T） 4. In semantics, meaning of language is considered as the intrinsic and inherent relation to the physical world of experience. （F） 5. Conte

28、xtualism is based on the presumption that one can derive meaning from or reduce meaning to observable contexts. （T） 6. Behaviourists attempted to define the meaning of a language form as the situation in which the speaker utters it and the response it calls forth in the hearer. （T）7. The meaning of

29、a sentence is the sum total of the meanings of all its components. （F）8. Most languages have sets of lexical items similar in meaning but ranked differently according to their degree of formality. （T）9. “it is hot.” is a no-place predication because it contains no argument. （T）10. In grammatical ana

30、lysis, the sentence is taken to be the basic unit, but in semantic analysis of a sentence, the basic unit is predication, which is the abstraction of the meaning of a sentence.（T） Chapter 6：Pragmatics1.Both semantics and pragmatics study how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful

31、communication（F）2.Pragmatics treats the meaning of language as something intrinsic and inherent. （F）3.It would be impossible to give an adequate description of meaning if the context of language use was left unconsidered. （T）4.What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the

32、 study of meaning the context of use is considered. （T）5.The major difference between a sentence and an utterance is that a sentence is not uttered while an utterance is. （F）6.The meaning of a sentence is abstract, but context-dependent. （F）7.The meaning of an utterance is decontexualized, therefore

33、 stable. （F）8.Utterances always take the form of complete sentences （F）9.Speech act theory was originated with the British philosopher John Searle. （F）10.Speech act theory started in the late 50s of the 20th century.（T） 11.Austin made the distinction between a constative and a performative. （T）12.Pe

34、rlocutionary act is the act of expressing the speakers intention. （F）Chapter 10&11：（Second）Language Acquisition 1.L1 development and L2 development seem to involve the same processes. （F）2.The capacity to acquire ones first language is a fundamental human trait that all human beings are equally well

35、 possessed with. （T）3.All normal children have equal ability to acquire their first language. （T）4.Children follow a similar acquisition schedule of predictable stages along the route of language development across cultures, though there is an idiosyncratic variation in the amount of time that takes

36、 individuals to master different aspects of the grammar. （T）5.Humans can be said to be predisposed and biologically programmed to acquire at least one language. 6.Some languages are inferior, or superior, to other languages. (T)7.Language acquisition is primarily the acquisition of the vocabulary an

37、d the meaning of language. (F)8.Human beings are genetically predetermined to acquire language, this genetic predisposition is a sufficient condition for language development. (F)9.Children who grow up in culture where caretaker speech is absent acquire their native language more slowly than childre

38、n who are exposed to caretaker speech. (F)10.In mother tongue acquisition, normal children are not necessarily equally successful. (F)11.For the vast majority of children, language development occurs spontaneously and require little conscious instruction on the part of adults. (T)12.The available ev

39、idence to date indicates that an explicit teaching of correct forms to young children plays a minor role at best. (T)13.Correction and reinforcement are not key factors in child language development as they were claimed to be. (T)14.Imitation, plays at best a very minor role in the childs mastery of

40、 language. (T)15.Observations of children in different language areas of the world reveal that the developmental stages are similar, possibly universal, whatever the nature of the input. (T)16.A childs babbling seems to depend on the presence of acoustic, auditory input. (F)17.In general, the two-wo

41、rd stage begins roughly in the second half of the childs first year. (F)18.Childrens two-word expressions are absent of syntactic or morphological markers. (T)19.Children first acquire the sounds in all languages of the world, no matter what language they are exposed to, and in late stages acquire t

42、he more difficult sounds. (T)20.Language acquisition begins at about the same time as lateralization does and is normally complete, as far as the essentials are concerned, by the time that the process of lateralization comes to an end. (T)Chapter12：language & brain (Psycholinguistics) 1.The linguist

43、ic ability of human beings depends primarily on the structure of the vocal cords. （F）2.Human beings are the only organisms in which one particular part of the left half of the brain is larger than the corresponding part of the right half. （T）3.The case of Phineas Gage suggests that if our language a

44、bility is located in the brain, it is clear that it is not situated right at the front. （T）4.In general, the right side of the brain controls voluntary movements of, and responds to signals from, the left side of the body, whereas the left side controls voluntary movements of, and responds to signal

45、s from, the right side of the body. （T）5.Language functions are believed to be lateralized primarily in the left hemisphere of the brain. （T）6.The language we speak determines the way we perceive the world and therefore the nature of thought. （F）7.Human beings can not think without language, just as

46、 they can not speak without thinking. （F）8.If a language lacks a word, its speakers will not be able to grasp its concept. （F）9. Generally speaking, left hemisphere is responsible for language and speech, analytic reasoning, associative thought, etc., while the right hemisphere is responsible for pe

47、rception of nonlinguistic sounds, holistic reasoning, recognition of musical melodies, etc. （T）10. Language by no means determines the ways we perceive the objective world, but by its convenience, availability, and habitual use, does influence the perceptions of human being. （T）Chapter 7：Language Ch

48、ange（Historical Linguistics）1.One of the tasks of the historical linguists is to explore methods to reconstruct linguistic history and establish the relationship between languages. （T）2.Language change is a gradual and constant process, therefore often indiscernible to speakers of the same generatio

49、n. （T）3.The history of the English language is divided into the periods of Old English, Middle English and Modern English. （T）4.Middle English began with the arrival of Anglo-Saxons, who invaded the British Isles from northern Europe. （F）5.In Old English, all the nouns are inflected to mark nominative, genitive, dative and accusative cases. （F）6.In Ol