材料专业英语--个人整理仅供参考(共11页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上1. Translate the following into Chinesematerials science Stone Agenaked property Bronze age optical property integrated circuitmechanical strength thermal conductivity “Materials science” involves investigating the relationships that exist between the structures and properties of materi

2、als. In contrast, “Materials engineering” is, on the basis of these structure-property correlations, designing or engineering the structure of a material to produce a predetermined set of properties. 材料科学涉及材料到研究材料的结构和性质的关系。相反，材料工程是根据材料的结构和性质的关系来设计或操纵材料的结构以求制造出一系列可预定的性质。 Virtually all important prope

3、rties of solid materials may be grouped into six different categories: mechanical, electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical, and deteriorative. 实际上，所有固体材料的重要性质可以概括分为六类：机械、电学、热学、磁学、光学和腐蚀性。In addition to structure and properties, two other important components are involved in the science and engineering

4、 of materials, namely “processing” and “performance”. 除了结构和性质，材料科学和工程还有其他两个重要的组成部分，即加工和性能。The more familiar an engineer or scientist is with the various characteristics and structure-property relationships, as well as processing techniques of materials, the more proficient and confident he or she wi

5、ll be to make judicious materials choices based on these criteria. 工程师与科学家越熟悉材料的各种性质、结构、功能之间的关系以及材料的加工技术，根据以上的几个原则，他或她对材料的明智选择将越来越熟练和精确。On only rare occasion does a material possess the maximum or ideal combination of properties. Thus, it may be necessary to trade off one characteristic for another.

6、 只有在少数情况下材料在具有最优或理想的综合性质。因此，有必要对材料的性质进行平衡。2. Translate the following into English 交叉学科 介电常数固体材料 热容力学性质 电磁辐射直到最近，科学家才终于了解材料的结构要素与其特性之间的关系。It was not until relatively recent times that scientists came to understand the relationship between the structural element of materials and their properties.材料工程学

7、主要解决材料的制造问题和材料的应用问题。材料的加工过程不但决定了材料的结构，同时决定了材料的特性和性能。材料的力学性能与其所受外力或负荷而导致的变形有关。Mechanical properties relate deformation to an applied load or forceUnit 21.Translate the following into ChineseComposite materials nonlocalized electronsAdvanced materials stiffnessesSemiconductors biomaterialsSmart materi

8、als nanoengineered materialsMetals are extremely good conductors of electricity and heat , and are not transparent to visible light; a polished metal surface has a lustrous appearance. 金属是十分好的电和热的导体，它们对可见光不透明；一个抛光的金属表面有光辉的外表。Ceramics are typically insulative to the passage of heat and electricity, a

9、nd more resistant to high temperatures and harsh environments than metals and polymers. 陶瓷材料是典型的电和热的绝缘体，并且它们比金属和聚合物更加耐高温和耐苛刻的环境。Materials that are utilized in high-technology (or high-tech) applications are sometimes termed advanced materials. 用在高科技中的材料有时被称作先进材料。Piezoelectric ceramics expand and con

10、tract in response to an applied electeic field (or voltage); conversely, they also generate an electric field when their dimensions are altered. 压电陶瓷在电场(或电压)的作用下作出舒张和收缩反应;相反,他们也产生电场当它们的尺寸会改变With the advent of scanning probe microscopes, which permit observation of individual atoms and molecules, it

11、has become possible to manipulate and move atoms and molecules to form new structures and, thus, design new materials that are built from simple atomiclevel constituents (i.e., “ materials by design”). 随着允许观察单个的原子和分子的扫描探针显微镜的出现,使得操纵和移动原子和分子去组成的新结构和设计由简单的原子能级成分的新的材料 (也就是,“材料的设计”)成为可能,2.Translate the

12、following into English 先进材料 陶瓷材料高性能材料 黏土材料合金 移植玻璃纤维 碳纳米管金属元素有许多游离电子，金属材料的许多性质可直接归功于这些电子。Metallic materials have large numbers of nonlocalized electrons,and many properties of metals are directly attributable to these electrons.许多聚合物材料是有机化合物，并具有大的分子结构。Many polymers are organic compounds and they have

13、 very large molecular structures,半导体材料的电性特征介于导电材料（如金属、金属合金）与绝缘体（陶瓷材料和聚合体材料）之间。Semiconductors have electrical properties that are intermediate between the electrical conductors (viz. metals and metal alloys) and insulators (viz. ceramics and polymers).生物材料不能产生毒性，并且必须与人体组织互相兼容。Biomaterials must not pr

14、oduce toxic substances and must be compatible with body tissues Unit 42. Translate the following into Chinesephase transformation temperatures specific gravitythermal conductivity the melting pointthe acceleration of gravity magnetic permeability (1)An object will float in water if its density is le

15、ss than the density of water and sink if its density is greater that that of water. Similarly, an object with specific gravity less than one will float and those with a specific gravity greater than one will sink. 一个对象将浮在水上,如果它的密度小于水的密度和水槽如果其密度大,是水的。同样,一个对象,比重不到一浮与比重大于一沉。 (2)Materials that cause the

16、 lines of flux to move farther apart, resulting in a decrease in magnetic flux density compared with a vacuum, are called diamagnetic. Materials that concentrate magnetic flux by a factor of more than one but less than or equal to ten are called paramagnetic; materials that concentrate the flux by a

17、 factor of more than ten are called ferromagnetic. 材料,导致了线路通量的移动距离,从而减少磁通密度与真空,被称为反磁性。材料磁精矿的因子多于一个但小于或等于10被称为显影;材料集中通量因素的十多被称为铁磁体。 (3)Certain ferromagnetic materials, especially powdered or laminated iron, steel, or nickel alloys, have r that can range up to about . Diamagnetic materials have r less

18、 than one, but no known substance has relative permeability much less than one. （4）When a paramagnetic or ferromagnetic core is inserted into a coil, the inductance is multiplied by r compared with the inductance of the same coil with an air core. 3. Translate the following into English相对密度 沸点 磁感应 热

19、导率 玻璃转变温度 有色金属线性热膨胀系数 单位体积质量 （1）化学性质是用来描述一种物质是怎样变成另外一种完全不同的物质的性质。Properties that describe how a substance changes into a completely different substance are called chemical properties. （2）相变是一种物理性质，并且物质存在四种相：固相、液相、气相和等离子体。Phase is a physical property of matter and matter can exist in four phases：soli

20、d, liquid, gas and plasma. （3）当温度低于熔点时，聚合物的晶体结构破坏，但其分子仍然连接在分子链上，从而形成一种柔软和柔顺性材料。Instead, at some temperature below the melting point, they start to lose their crystalline structure but the molecules remain linked in chains, which results in a soft and pliable material. （4）在工程应用中，渗透率通常用相对值而不是绝对值来表示。In

21、 engineering applications, permeability is often expressed in relative, rather than in absolute, terms.Unit 52. Translate the following into Chinesethe service life the longitudinal direction the transverse direction dynamic or cyclic loading the initial length of the material elastic deformation pl

22、astic deformation localized deformation (1) The mechanical properties of metals determine the range of usefulness of a material and establish the service life that can be expected. (2) Therefore, multiple tests are commonly conducted to determine mechanical properties and values reported can be an a

23、verage value or calculated statistical minimum value. (3) The way a material is loaded greatly affects its mechanical properties and largely determines how, or if, a component will fail；and whether it will show warning signs before failure actually occurs.（4）However, a bar loaded in bending will hav

24、e a stress distribution that changes with distance perpendicular to the normal axis.（5） Elastic deformation only occurs in a material when stresses are lower than a critical stress called the yield strength.3. Translate the following into English 实验样品 static loadingdynamic or cyclic loading.Engineer

25、ing strainyield strengthstress strain curve 静负荷 作用力 垂直轴 工程应变 临界应力 屈服强度 应力面积 应力-应变曲线（1）通常，温度低于室温时，金属合金的强度性质降低，而延伸性、破碎韧度和拉伸性能增强。Temperatures below room temperature generally cause an increase in strength properties of metallic alloys; while ductility, fracture toughness, and elongation usually decreas

26、e. （2）从材料的角度来说，应力是一种在材料内部所分布的力，它可以平衡所施加的负荷并与其发生相互作用。From the perspective of what is happening within a material, stress is the internal distribution of forces within a body that balance and react to the loads applied to it.(3) 工程应变可定义为：所施加力方向上的材料的改变量与材料原始长度的比值。Engineering strain is defined as the am

27、ount of deformation in the direction of the applied force divided by the initial length of the material.(4) 高强度和高延展性的材料比低强度和低延展性的材料的韧性高。A material with high strength and high ductility will have more toughness than a material with low strength and high ductility.Unit 62. Translate the following into

28、 Chinese silicon single crystals computed tomography scanmagnetic resonance imaging the military industrial complexGross National Happoness the average population growth rate of the world With impending and burgeoning societal issues affecting the human condition on our planet, the MSE community has

29、 a responsibility and an opportunity to truly make a difference by addressing the needs of the world of tomorrow- needs in energy , transportation, housing, food, recycling, and health. Population is growing at much higher rates in the less developed countries in comparison to the average population

30、 growth rate of the world, which is 1.4%. Projections are that global energy use will grow by 1.7% annually until 2025, which is a faster rate than the world population growth rate. Moreover, average energy use per person is still more than nine times greater in developed regions than in less develo

31、ped regions.3. Translate the following into English 国内生产总值 gross domestic product (GDP 材料科学与工程 materials science and engineering (MSE) 市场经济 market economics, 社会问题societal issues 经济指数 economic index 卫生保健 sanitation 国民生产总值 gross national product (GNP) 人口增长率 population growth rate 然而，随着时间的变化， 人类的革新与创造力

32、，工程师满足社会需求的能力和建立工程企业的精神是永恒不变的。However, some things that have been constant over time are human innovation and creativity, the engineers ability to address societal needs, and the entrepreneurial spirit of engineering. I believe that going forward, one thing we can bet on is the human ability to inno

33、vate and address societal needs.It reveals a truth why world could develop constantly. 我们可以看到医学、通信学和运输工业的革命给我们生活带来的变化。We have witnessed the re-shaping of our lives through revolutions that have taken place in medicine, telecommunications, and transportation industries. 18%的世界人口缺少安全饮用水，几乎40%缺少环境卫生设施。

34、Eighteen percent of the worlds population lacks access to safe drinking water and nearly 40% has no sanitation卫生保障. 材料与社会是互相联系的，并且我们应当认为材料科学工程的发展与影响人类生存条件的全球社会问题存在密切的关系，这是唯一理性的看法。Materials and society are interlinked, and it is only rational that we should see a close relation between the MSE research agenda and societal issues that affect the human condition on the globe.专心-专注-专业