山东省2013年高考英语二轮复习-专题整合突破八-非谓语动词(共12页).doc
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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上2013年高考第二轮复习英语山东版八、非谓语动词真题试做1(2012山东高考,26)George returned after the war, only _ that his wife had left him.Ato be toldBtellingCbeing told Dtold2(2011山东高考,27)Look over theretheres a very long,winding path _ up to the house.Aleading BleadsCled Dto lead3(2010山东高考,23)I have a lot of reading
2、s _ before the end of this term.Acompleting Bto completeCcompleted Dbeing completed4(2010山东高考,29)The living room is clean and tidy,with a dining table already _ for a meal to be cooked.Alaid BlayingCto lay Dbeing laid考向分析1考查对谓语动词与非谓语动词的识别,要求明确句子的结构和意义,掌握非谓语动词的基本用法。2考查不定式和动名词作宾语的区别,要求掌握一些常见动词后面所接宾语的形
3、式。3考查非谓语动词作定语、状语、补语时的区别,尤其是不定式、现在分词短语、过去分词短语所表示的不同时间、逻辑关系和意义。现在分词和不定式作结果状语时的区别应引起足够重视。4考查非谓语动词的否定式、完成式、被动式及复合结构,要求掌握其构成形式、所表示的时间以及逻辑关系。热点例析考点一:谓语与非谓语形式的识别试题以复杂的结构和冗长的句式呈现,考查考生是否能瞻前顾后地分清句子成分、理解句子结构、明白句子意义,正确判断、识别动词在句中是否充当谓语。【典例分析】 (2012浙江高考,8)I think Tom,as the head of a big department,should either
4、study regularly or _ his job.AquitsBto quitCquitting Dquit答案为D项。该句使用了either . or .并列结构,either后面是动词原形study,or后面也应该是动词原形quit,故选择D项构成并列谓语。(2012全国高考,10)Tony lent me the money,_ that Id do as much for him.Ahoping Bto hopeChoped Dhaving hoped答案为A项。由于空前没有连词,应排除谓语形式的C项,如果用hoped则应在空前加and;根据空前的逗号可排除B项,因为动词不定式
5、作目的状语时其前不加逗号;“希望”并不是发生在“托尼借给我钱”之前,故排除表示完成的having hoped;由于Tony与hope之间存在主动关系,故选择现在分词hoping作状语。考点二:非谓语形式作主语非谓语形式作主语时,形式主语it常用来代替不定式短语作主语。如:It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.但在It is no use/good doing sth.和It is a waste of time doing sth.句型中,it代替动名词短语作主语。如:Its no use arguing with them.【典例
6、分析】 (2012浙江高考,3)No matter how bright a talker you are,there are times when its better _ silent.Aremain Bbe remainingChaving remained Dto remain答案为D项。when在此处引导定语从句修饰times,在when引导的从句中,it是形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式to remain silent,表示“有时保持沉默更好”。考点三:非谓语形式作宾语1部分动词(短语)后面只能接不定式作宾语。常见的有:agree/ask/decide/demand/expect/
7、fail/hope/learn/manage/offer/plan/promise/ pretend/refuse/wish/would like (love)He agreed to lend me his bike.He refused to say sorry to me.2部分动词(短语)后面只能接动名词作宾语。常见的有:avoid/appreciate/consider/delay/enjoy/escape/excuse/finish/imagine/mind/miss/ practise/suggest/keep (on)/feel like/devote oneself to/g
8、ive up/be (get) used to/be worth/insist on/look forward to/prefer.to.等。He admitted taking my money.Do you try to avoid making her annoyed?3部分动词(短语)后接不定式和动名词时,含义不同,应注意区分。如:Ill remember to post your letter.我会记住把你的信寄上的。I dont remember saying this to him before.我不记得以前对他说过这件事。如:I forgot to tell him to co
9、me.我忘记叫他来了。Ill never forget seeing him for the first time.我永远忘不了和他初次见面的情景。如:I regret to say that I cant accept your kind offer.很抱歉,我不能接受你那善意的提议。I regret saying what was in my mind.我后悔说了心里话。如:You must try to improve your teaching method.你一定要试图改进你的教学方法。If no one answers,try knocking at the back door.如
10、果没人答应,试着敲敲后门。如:I meant to send you a postcard,but I didnt have your address with me.我本想寄一张明信片给你,但是我身边没有你的地址。Starting too early means wasting your time.出发太早就是浪费时间。如:Lets stop to buy something to eat here.咱们在这里停停买些吃的吧。Lets stop working and have a rest.咱们停下手里的活,歇一会儿。如:After reading the text,he went on
11、to write the new words.读完课文之后,他接着写生词。He went on telling us the story after a short rest.稍微休息之后他接着给我们讲故事。如:I want to join the army.我想参军。The road needs rebuilding.这条路修需要重新修建。如:I cant help to carry the box because my arm hurts.我不能帮忙搬箱子,因为我胳膊疼。They couldnt help laughing when they saw him.他们看到他,忍不住大笑起来。如
12、:I advised holding a meeting to discuss the matter.我建议开一个会来讨论这件事情。He often advises people to use their brains.他常常劝人动动脑子。【典例分析】 (2012安徽高考,24)I remembered _ the door before I left the office,but forgot to turn off the lights.Alocking Bto lockChaving locked Dto have locked 答案为B项。remember to do sth.意为“记
13、着要做某事”,remember doing sth.意为“记着做过某事”。“在离开办公室前就把门锁上”显然不合逻辑,所以应选不定式作宾语。句意:我在离开办公室以前,记着了要锁门,但是忘了要关灯。(2012北京高考,23)One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them.Acorrects BcorrectCto correct Dcorrecting答案为D项。在介词by后面,and 前后连接两个并列宾语,根据making可知此处选correcting。句意:一个人在犯错和纠错中学会一种语言。考点四:非谓语形式作定语1时间关系不同:不定式作
14、定语通常表示一个未发生的动作;现在分词作定语通常表示一个正在进行的动作、经常性的动作或状态;过去分词作定语多表已完成的动作,或没有一定的时间性(只表示被动)。如:I have a lot of work to do.The tall girl standing there is a basketball player.This is a play written by Shakespeare.2逻辑关系不同:不定式所修饰的词可能是它的逻辑主语,也可能是它的逻辑宾语;现在分词作定语时,它所修饰的词一定是它的逻辑主语;过去分词作定语所修饰的词一般是它的逻辑宾语。如:He is the first
15、to get here.He is the man to depend on.He is the very person looking for you.A letter posted today will probably reach him the day after tomorrow.3不定式为不及物动词时,所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等,不要遗漏必要的介词。如:He found a good house to live in.【典例分析】 (2012浙江高考,11)“Its such a nice place,” Mother said as she sat at the table_
16、 for customers.Ato be reserved Bhaving reservedCreserving Dreserved答案为D项。分析句子结构可知,此处应用非谓语形式修饰table,“桌子”是“被预订或保留”的,所以用过去分词短语作后置定语。考点五:非谓语形式作状语1不定式作状语:(1)表示目的,直接用不定式或so as to/in order to。如:He worked day and night to get the money.(2)表示结果,更常见于so.as to,such.as to,enough to,too.to结构中,only接不定式也常表示出乎意料的结果。
17、如:I visited him only to find him out.(3)表示原因,用在作表语的某些表示情感的形容词或过去分词后面,说明产生某种情绪的原因或是在哪方面存在谓语所表示的情况等。如:They were very sad to hear the news.2现在分词作状语:现在分词作状语表示的必须是主语的一个动作,即分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。现在分词可以作时间状语、原因状语、结果状语、方式状语和伴随状语。作原因状语时,通常放在句首;作结果状语时,通常放在句子后面,表示自然而然的结果。如:Hearing the news,they all jumped with joy.He
18、 fired his gun,killing the wolf.All night long he lay awake,thinking of the problem.3过去分词作状语:过去分词的动作与句子的主语是逻辑上的动宾关系。过去分词可以作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、方式状语和伴随状语。如:Seen from the hill,the city looks more beautiful.Given better attention,the cabbages could have grown better.【典例分析】 (2012辽宁高考,29)This machine is very
19、easy _.Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.AoperatingBto be operatingCoperatedDto operate答案为D项。句意:这台机器很容易操作。任何人几分钟就会学会使用。该题应选不定式作表语形容词的状语,说明在哪一方面存在这个形容词表示的情况或产生这种情绪的原因。(2012北京高考,27)_ with care,one tin will last for six weeks.AUse BUsingCUsed DTo use答案为C项。分析句子结构可知所填部分在句中作状语,且与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关
20、系,故选C项。句意:如果用得仔细的话,一罐可以用六周。(2012天津高考,11)He got up late and hurried to his office,_ the breakfast untouched.Aleft Bto leaveCleaving Dhaving left答案为C项。句意:他起床晚了,匆忙赶往办公室,早餐一动没动。现在分词短语在此处作结果状语,表示自然而然的结果。(2012四川高考,6)Tom took a taxi to the airport,only_his plane high up in the sky.Afinding Bto findCbeing f
21、ound Dto have found答案为B项。only后接不定式表示意想不到的结果,所以应选B项作结果状语。to have found表示动作发生在主句谓语took之前,时间上有误。句意:汤姆乘出租车去了飞机场,却发现飞机已经飞在高空了。考点六:非谓语形式作补语1advise/allow/ask/beg/expect/encourage/force/get/invite/order/permit/persuade/tell/warn/wish等动词后面常用不定式作补语。如:Tell the children not to play on the street.The police warn
22、ed us not to go out at night.2make/let/have等使役动词后面用不带to的不定式作补语,但在被动句中则使用带to的不定式。如:They make the students do too much homework every day.The students are made to do too much homework every day.3感官动词后面可用不带to的不定式或分词作补语。从时间上看,不定式表示发生或完成;现在分词强调正在进行;过去分词表示完成。从逻辑关系上看,不定式和现在分词与宾语之间存在着主谓关系;过去分词与宾语之间存在着动宾关系。如
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