2022年动词的时态和语态.pdf

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1、学习好资料欢迎下载（九）动词的时态和语态01 命题趋势考标导向化近几年对动词的时态考查主要集中在对一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时和现在完成时六种主要的时态上；对动词被动语态的考查主要以一般现在时、一般过去时的被动语态和含有情态动词的被动语态为主。02 定义概念清晰化动词的时态指的是谓语动词用来表示动作或情况发生时的各种动词形式。英语中一共有16 种时态，但在初中阶段常考的时态有以下9 种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时、过去将来时。考查重点集中在一般现在时在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中的用法、终止性

2、动词在现在完成时中不能与for，since短语或从句连用、have been to与 have gone to的用法以及在具体语境中动词的用法等。动词的语态是表示句子主语与谓语动词之间关系的一种动词形式。英语中的动词语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示的主语是动作的执行者或发出者，被动语态表示的主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是中考中的必考内容之一，其中考查的重点是一般现在时、一般过去时和含有情态动词的被动语态。03 知识归类知识网络化? 动词的时态分类图解分类谓语形式用法一般现在时1.动词原形2.主语是单数第三人称，谓语加 -s,-es 1.表示经常性或习惯性发生的动作或状态。2.描述客

3、观真理、 客观存在或科学事实等。3.在时间、条件状语从句中， 用一般现在时表将来。一般过去时动 词 的 过 去式1.表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。2.表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态。3.用于虚拟语气中， 表示与现在事实相反的情况。一般将来时1.will/shall+动词原形2.be going to+动词原形1.be going to 和 will 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。主语一般是人。2.be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定要发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。主语可以是人也可以是物。3.在含有时间、条件状语从句的复合句中，主句是一般将来时，从句用一般

4、现在时来代替将来时。4. 一 些 表 示 位 移 的 动 词 ， 如go,come,leave,arrive,fly,start,move 等，常用现在进行时表将来。现在进行时am/is/are+ 动词 的 现 在 分词1.表示说话时或目前正在进行的动作。2.与 always,usually 等词连用，表示赞扬、厌恶或不满的情绪。过去进行时was/were+ 动词 的 现 在 分词表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。现在完成时have/has+ 动词 的 过 去 分词1.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。2.表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，并有可能继续下去，常与“for+ 时间

5、段 ” 或“since 表示过去的时间点或时间段 ” 连用。注意：1.现在完成时和一般过去时都可表示过去发生的动作，但现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果或表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，强调的是现在的情况；而一般过去时只表示动作发生在过去，不和现在发生关系。2.终止性动词在现在完成时中不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，但在否定句中可以和一段时间连用。过 去 完成时had+ 动 词 的 过去分词1.表示在过去某一时间或某一动作以前发生或完成的动作，它所表示的动作发生的时间是“ 过去的过去 ” 。2.表示从过去某一时间开始并持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。过 去 将来时1.wou

6、ld+ 动 词原形2.was/were going to+ 动 词原形，常用于宾语从句中表示在过去看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。特例清单1.在时间、条件和让步状语从句中，如果主句谓语动词是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。如：We ll have a picnic if it is fine next Sunday.如果下个星期日天气晴朗，我们将去野餐。I ll call you as soon as I get to Beijing tomorrow. 我明天一到北京就给你打电话。2.某些表示起始、往返、出发、到达之意的动词，可用一般现在时表示按规定、 计划或安排将要发生的动作(此时一般都有一

7、个表示未来时间的状语)。这类动词有： begin, come, go, leave, start, arrive, end, stop, open, close 等。如：The meeting begins at 2:00 p.m. tomorrow.这个会议明天下午2点开始。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载The next train leaves at 7 o clock this evening.下一列火车

8、将在今晚 7 点离开。3.现在进行时与always, continually, forever 等副词连用，表示反复出现或习惯性的动作，这种用法往往表达说话人的某种感情，如赞扬、遗憾、讨厌或不满等。如：The rich woman is always laughing at the poor.这个有钱的夫人总是嘲笑穷人。4.现在完成时中表示短暂动作的动词不能与for, since等引导的时间状语连用。如与一段时间连用，要把瞬间动词转化为意思相近的延续性动词。常见的变化有：非延续性动词延续性动词buy have borrow keep open be open close Be closed b

9、egin/start be on come be here go be there finish be over die be dead catch a cold have a cold put on wear get up be up wake up awake fall asleep be asleep lose not have join be in leave be away arrive/reach be 如：误 :I ve left this school for ten years.正 :I ve been away from this school for ten years.

10、【题组训练】一般现在时与一般过去时( )1.(2014徐州 )What a surprise to see you here! When _ you _back? A.do;get B.did;get C.have;got D.will;get ( )2.(2014十堰 )Have you finished using my dictionary? Yes，I put it back on your desk just now.Who _ it away? A.will take B.is taking C.took D.has taken ( )3.(2014北京 )What do you

11、often do at weekends? I often _ my grandparents. A.visit B.visited C.have visited D.will visit ( )4.(2014河南 )Are you going anywhere? I _ about visiting my sister ，but I have changed my mind. A.think B .have thought C.will think D.thought ( )5.(2014云 南 )If there _ no buying and selling of animals，the

12、re will be no killing in nature. A.is B.will be C.has D.will have 现在进行时与过去进行时( )6.(2014十堰 )The book store _ a big sale. The books there must be very cheap now. Sounds great. Lets go into it and have a look.A.will have B.had C.is having D.was having ( )7.(2014北京 )What were you doing when we were play

13、ing basketball yesterday afternoon? I _ the classroom. A.was cleaning B.have cleaned C.will clean D.clean ( )8.(2014河北 )Someone _ at the door.Can you open it? A.knocks B.knocked C.is knocking D.was knocking ( )9.(2014孝感 )I was at the cinema at 8 oclock last night.What about you? I _ the Internet at

14、home. A.am surfing B.surfed C.will surf D.was surfing ( )10.(2014来宾 )Would you mind turning down your music player?Everybody _now! I m sorry.Ill do it right now.A.sleep B.slept C.is sleeping D.are sleeping 一般将来时与过去将来时( )11.(2014河北 )I m busy now. I _ to you after school this afternoon. A.talk B.talke

15、d C.will talk D.have talked ( )12.(2014天津 )Robots _more heavy work for us in the future. A.will do B.did C.have done D.were doing ( )13.(2014铜仁 )There _ a sports meet in our school next week. A.is B.will have C.are D.will be ( )14.(2014河南 )Does this bus go to the beach? No.You _ the wrong way.You wa

16、nt the Number 11. A.go B.were going C.are going D.would go ( )15.(2014丽水 )Hurry up! The sky is covered with black clouds. I m afraid it_ .A.rains B.is going to rain 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载C.rained D.was raining 现在完成

17、时与过去完成时( )16.(2014宁波 )Are you surprised at the ending of the movie? No，because I _ the story. A.read B.will read C.have read D.was reading ( )17.(2014滨州 )Jim isn t in the classroom.Where is he now?He _ the library. A.will go to B.has been to C.has gone to D.goes to ( )18.(2014泰安 )Can you find our ci

18、ty _ a lot in recent years? Yes.The road is wider and the buildings are taller. A.has changed B.changes C.changed D.will change ( )19.(2014南京 )Lily ，why are you still here?School is over for half an hour. Because I _ my task yet.I still need one more hour. A.Wont finish B.didn t finish C.haven t fin

19、ished D.hadn t finished( )20.(2014随州 )I wonder when you _ the new watch. Well，I _ it for two weeks. A.have bought;have had B.bought;have bought C.bought;have had D.have bought;have bought ? 被动语态的构成分类图解时态被动语态例句一 般 现 在时am/is/are+动词的过去分词The flowers are often watered by her.一 般 过 去时was/were+动词的过去分词A far

20、m was visited yesterday by us一 般 将 来时will/shall + be+ 动词的过去分词Some trees will be planted this week by her.现 在 进 行时am/is/are+being+动词的过去分词A novel is being read by him.现 在 完 成时have/has been+动词的过去分词His rooms have been cleaned by him.过 去 进 行时was/were being+动词的过去分词His rooms were being cleaned by him then.

21、过 去 完 成时had been+动词的过去分词His rooms had been cleaned by him then.过 去 将 来时would/should be+动词的过去分词His rooms would be cleaned by him the next day.含 情 态 动词情态动词+be+动词的过去分词Your homework must be finished in time.特例清单1.open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,drive 等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可用主动语态表示被动意义。如：This kind o

22、f pen writes very smoothly.这种钢笔写起来很流畅。The kind of shirts sells well here.这种样式的衬衫在这里卖得很好。2.look,sound,taste,smell等系动词用主动形式表示被动意义。如：School uniforms look good on us.我们穿着校服很好看。The cake smells delicious. 蛋糕闻起来很香。【题组训练】( )21.(2014北京 )A new hospital _ in my town next year. A.builds B.built C.is built D.wil

23、l be built ( )22.(2014河南 )When Tim _ why he was late for school ，he just kept silent. A.was asked B.asked C.was asking D.is asked ( )23.(2014梅州 )I cant understand what the book is about because it _ in English. A.writes B.will write C.will be written D.is written ( )24.(2014镇 江 )Dont forget to come

24、to our school assembly(集会 )tomorrow morning. I won t. I _ just now.A.reminded B.was reminded C.reported D.was reported ( )25.(2014益阳 )Have you moved into the new house? Not yet.The rooms_ . A.are painting B.have been painted C.are being painted ? 几种特殊的被动语态的用法分类图解种类构成例句主动语态中省去 to的动词变为被动语态时， 省去的 to 要加

25、上。The workers were made to work 12 hours a day.含双宾语的动词把指人的宾语变为主语时，指物的宾语仍保留在谓语之后；指物的宾语变为主语时，指人的宾语前要加相应的介词。I was given a present. A present was given to me.含短语的动词短语是 “ 动词 +介词 ” 或“ 动词 +副词 ” 时， 变被动语态时， 介词、副词不能丢。The young man was sent away from school.【题组训练】( )26.(2014内江 )The students in this school are

26、made _ school 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载uniforms on Monday. A.to wear B.wearing C.wear D.worn ( )27.(2014随 州 )Mary was heard _ just now.What happened? Joe was telling her some jokes. A.cry B.laugh C.to laugh D .to cry

27、( )28.(2013呼和浩特 )If you see the cartoon film ，you will _ laugh. A.be made B.be made to C.make to D.make ( )29.(2013连云港 )Clark， your room is really in a mess. It needs _. Sorry，mum. I ll do it at once.A.clean B.cleaned C.to clean D.to be cleaned ( )30.(2012阜康 )The old over 90 _ not only by their fami

28、ly but also by the government in many places. A.is looked at B.are taken good care of C.are taken good care D.is looking after 04 整合集训反馈层级化动词的时态( )1.Do you like the skirt? Yes.It _ soft. A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt ( )2.What does your sister like doing in her free time? She _ watching TV.

29、A.likes B.liked C.has liked D.had liked ( )3.Do you know if_ back next week? If he _ back,please let me know. A.he comes;will come B.will he come;comes C.he will come;comes D.will he come;will come ( )4.May I see Mr.Lin,please? Well,Im afraid hes not in at the moment.I think he _ back soon. A.came B

30、.has come C.will be D.was ( )5.Look at those big black clouds.It _ rain.Lets hurry. A.must B.will C.would D.is going to ( )6.Don t talk loudly here.My little baby_ . A.has gone out B.is sleeping C.sleeps D.went to school ( )7.Have you read a book called Jane Eyre? Who _ it? A.writes B.has written C.

31、was writing D.wrote ( )8.Your e-mail address again? I _ quite catch it. Hul 23 . A.don t B.can tC.didn t D.wont( )9.Oh,Mrs King,your necklace looks nice.Is it new? No,I _it for two years. A.had B.have had C.bought D.have bought ( )10. _ to the United States? No,never. But I went to Canada a few year

32、s ago. A.Have you been B.Have you gone C.Did you go D.Will you go ( )11. Are Li Yan and Wang Mei still living in Ningbo? No,they _ to Shanghai. A.had moved B.moved C.will move D.have moved ( )12. Do you know the man over there? Yes.I _ him several times since last month. A.see B.saw C.have seen D.ha

33、d seen ( )13. What do you think of my answer to the question? Sorry.What s that?I _about something else.A.thought B.am thinking C.had thought D.was thinking ( )14. Amy,I called you yesterday evening, but nobody answered the phone. Oh,I _ a walk with my mother at that time. A.take B.took C.am taking

34、D.was taking ( )15. Did you see Henry at the party? No,he _ by the time I got there. A.left B.was leaving C.had left D.has left ( )16. What is the weather like today? It is cloudy. And I think it _. A.was raining B.is going to rain C.is raining D.rained ( )17. My sister will go to Hainan tomorrow.I

35、ll see her off at the airport. Oh,when_ her plane _? A.did;take off B.does;take off C.has;taken off D.was;taking off ( )18.It _ over sixty years since the People s Republic of China was founded. A.was B.had been 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 6 页 - - - - -

36、 - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载C.is D.will be ( )19.Don t make any noise.We _ to a piece of wonderful music at the moment. A.will listen B.are listening C.listen D.have listening ( )20.I saw her smoking in the restaurant yesterday afternoon. But she seldom_. A.smokes B.had smoked C.smoked D.is smoking ( )21.I

37、used to love this film when I was young,but I _ it that way any more. A.don t feel B.didn t feelC.haven t felt D.hadn t felt( )22.Was Kate happy to see her old friends yesterday? Yes,she was.She _ them for a long time. A.didn t see B.wouldn t seeC.hasn t seen D.hadn t seen( )23.Has your mother finis

38、hed her report? Sorry,I don t know.She _ it this morning.A.is writing B.wrote C.writes D.has written ( )24.Why are you in such a hurry,Mike? There _ an NBA game in ten minutes. A.will have B.will be C.is going to have D.are going to be ( )25.Jenny wants to know if you _ a hiking trip tomorrow. Of co

39、urse we will. But if it_ ,we ll visit the Space Museum instead. A.will go on;will rain B.go on;rains C.will go on;rains D.go on;will rain ( )26. Whats that terrible noise?The neighbors _ for a party. A.have prepared B.are preparing C.prepare D.will prepare ( )27.When did the meeting begin? At four o

40、clock.It _ for 15 minutes.A.was on B.began C.has begun D.has been on ( )28.Li Kai,hand in your homework,please. Oh,sorry.I _ it at home this morning. A.was leaving B.have left C.had left D.left ( )29.How was your day off? Pretty good! I _ the science museum with my classmates. A.visit B.visited C.am

41、 visiting D.will visit ( )30. Where _ you _ lunch? At home.There was no school lunch. A.did ；have B.are；having C.will ；have D.do； have 动词的语态( )31.Boiled water _ for free here in the daytime. A.offer B.offered C.is offering D.is offered ( )32. What a nice room! Yes.It _ every day. A.cleans B.cleaned

42、C.has cleaned D.is cleaned ( )33. Dad,please open the door. It_ . OK,dear.I am coming. A.locks B.locked C.is locked D.was locked ( )34.Mrs Johnson s funny story _ by everyone who heard it. A.laughed at B.was laughed C.laughed D.was laughed at ( )35.I believe that those mountains _ with trees in a fe

43、w years. A.are covered B.will be covered C.are covering D.will cover ( )36.Necessary action _ so that students can be safe at school. A.can be taken B.may be taken C.must be taken D.might be taken ( )37. Did you go to Jim s birthday party?No,I _. A.am not invited B.wasn t invitedC.haven t invited D.

44、didn t invite( )38.Please don t stand up in class until you_ .A.were told to B.are told to C.were told D.are told ( )39. When _ the car_ ? Sorry,I don t know.A.does;invent B.did;invent C.was;invented D.was;inventing ( )40. Do you have any problems if you _ this job? Well,I m thinking about the worki

45、ng time.A.offer B.will offer C.are offered D.will be offered ( )41.Students _ not to use mobile phones in our school now. A.ask B.asked C.are asked D.were asked ( )42. God,your classroom is so dirty. We were busy getting ready for the final exam last 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 -

46、 - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载week.It _. A.hasn t cleaned B.didn t cleanC.was clean D.wasn t cleaned( )43.Is Bohai Bridge open to the public yet? Yes.It _ for almost one and a half months. A.has opened B.has being opened C.has been open D.was open ( )44.So far,all the wa

47、lls _ white, and we are going to draw all kinds of pictures on them. A.have been painted B.have painted C.are painted D.painted ( )45.The lights in the room _ before you leave. A.must turn off B.will turn off C.are turned off D.must be turned off ( )46.Few students can understand the sentence until

48、it _ three times. A.explains B.is explained C.will be explained D.explained ( )47. Can you sing this song in English? Of course I can.It _ often _ by us kids. A.is;singing B.does;sing C.has;sung D.is;sung ( )48. Students should _ to smoke or drink. Sure.They are both bad habits. A.allow B.be allowed

49、 C.not allow D.not be allowed ( )49. Can I take the magazines out? No,Sir.They _ out of the reading- room.It s a rule.A.needn t be taken B.can t takeC.mustn t be taken D.may take( )50. I don t know how to take care of these flowers. It s easy.This kind of flowers _ only once a week,and that twice a

50、week. A.is watered B.water C.should be watered D.should water 参考答案：(九)动词的时态和语态题组训练15BCADA6 10CACDC11 15CADCB 1620CCACC21 25DADBC26 30ACBDB 整合集训动词的时态15CACCD6 10BDCBA11 15DCDDC 1620BBCBA21 25ADBBC26 30BDDBA 动词的语态3135DDCDB36 40CBBCC41 45CDCAD 4650BDDCC 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 -