中考英语专题教案---非谓语动词(共15页).doc

《中考英语专题教案---非谓语动词(共15页).doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《中考英语专题教案---非谓语动词(共15页).doc（15页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上专题 非谓语动词一、 不定式不定式由“ to 动词原形” 构成， 其否定形式是在 to 前加not。 在句子中，不定式可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。I want to go to the movies. 我想去看电影。I will tell him .我会告诉他不要看电视。. 不定式作主语不定式在句中作主语时，如果不定式短语较长，为了避免头重脚轻，常用 it 作形式主语。 以 it 作形式主语的常见句型有以下几种：It takes（ took） sb some time to do sth.某人花费多长时间做某事。It took us one hour 我们花

2、了一个小时的时间才到达那里。It is adj. for sb to do sth.做某事对某人来说是的。It is necessary for you when you do not use it.不用车的时候锁车是必要的。It is adj. of sb to do sth. 某人做某事真是（ 该句型中的形容词常常是 kind， nice， good， honest， polite， rude， careful，careless，wise，foolish，stupid 等，用来说明人的性质、特征） 。Its very foolish of me to trust him. 我真傻啊，竟然相

3、信他。. 不定式作宾语能接不定式作宾语的动词很多。 常见的有 want，ask，hope，afford，try，agree，decide，expect，happen，manage 等。 动词不定式作宾语，后面有宾语补足语时，常用 it 作形式宾语。He hopes to get a good job in the city.他希望在城市里找到一份好的工作。I find it interesting . 我发现下棋很有趣。. 不定式作定语不定式在句中作定语时，通常放在所修饰词的后面。Do you have anything to say？ 你有什么要说的吗？He has no house to

4、live in. 他没有房子住。She has enough money . 她有足够的钱买台电脑。注意：如果作定语的不定式中动词是不及物的，后面要有相应的介词。. 不定式作状语不定式在句中作状语，多表示目的、原因、结果等。To catch up with others，he works hard day and night.为了能赶上其他人，他日夜辛苦地工作。（ 目的状语）Im very excited to hear the good news.听到这个好消息我很兴奋。 （ 原因状语）He is old enough to go to school.他够大了，可以上学了。 （ 结果状语）.

5、 不定式作补足语不定式作宾语补足语时，实际上句子的宾语就是不定式的逻辑主语。 主动句中感官动词、使役动词后作宾补的不定式要省去 to，help 后作补语的不定式，to 可省可不省。She asked me to open the window. 她让我打开窗户。His mother made him yesterday.昨天，他妈妈让他待在家里。Lucy often helps me（to）do my homework.露茜经常帮助我做家庭作业。. 不定式与疑问词连用疑问词 what， which， who， whom， how， when， where， whether 等，可以和不定式连用

6、，一起作动词的宾语。 它们常用在 know，wonder，ask，tell，decide 等动词的后面，该结构也可在句中作主语或表语。I dont know next. 我不知道下一步该做什么。The problem is how to get to the hotel.问题是怎样到那个旅馆去。二、 分词分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。 分词（ 短语） 有形容词或副词的作用，在句中可用作定语、表语、补语、状语等成分。. 分词作定语单个分词一般作前置定语，分词短语作定语一般后置；现在分词表示主动的、正在进行的动作，过去分词表示被动的行为、性质或行为所造成的结果或状态等。The sleeping b

7、oy is my neighbor.s son.正在睡觉的那个男孩是我邻居的儿子。The room was full of people .房间里挤满了等候校长的人们。We need more trained nurses.我们需要更多的受过培训的护士。Things seen from behind seem a little different.从背后看到的东西显得稍有不同。. 分词作表语分词用作表语时，已经基本形容词化，可以被 very，rather 等副词修饰，而且可以有比较等级。The story of his life sounds（ very） interesting.他的生平故事

8、听起来很有趣。He felt thoroughly broken down. 他觉得身体彻底垮了。This cup is broken. How about that one？这个杯子是破的，那个怎么样？. 分词作补足语分词多作表示感觉、 使役的动词， 如 see， watch， hear， feel，smell，notice，find，have，get，leave，keep 等的补足语。I saw him talking with the doctor. 我看见他在跟医生讲话。He kept the machine running for ten hours.他让机器一直转了 个小时。We

9、have never seen the mountain covered in snow.我们从未见那座山被雪覆盖过。. 分词作状语分词用作状语，具有多种语义， 可以表示时间、 方式、 伴随、原因、条件等。 a noise，they stopped talking.听到喧闹声，他们便停止了谈话。 （ 时间状语）She sat there reading a newspaper.她坐在那里看报纸。 （ 伴随状语）Deeply moved，she couldnt say a word.她深受感动，一句话也说不出来。 （ 原因状语）三、 动名词动名词或动名词短语具有名词的功能， 在句中可用作多种名词

10、性成分。. 动名词作主语跟不定式一样，动名词作主语时常用 it 作形式主语，而将动名词置于句末。Swimming in the sea is his favorite sport.在大海里游泳是他最喜爱的运动。Saying so much is useless. （ It is useless saying so much. ）说这么多没有用处。. 动名词作表语动名词用作表语表示主语是什么，而不表示主语的性质或特征如何。My greatest pleasure is traveling. 我最大的乐趣就是旅游。One of his bad habits is biting nails.他的一个

11、坏习惯是咬手指甲。. 动名词作宾语动名词可以作动词和介词的宾语。 只接动名词不接不定式作宾语 的 动 词 有 enjoy， finish， keep， mind， miss， practise， suggest等。She enjoys to the cinema. 她喜爱看电影。He practised playing the piano every day then.那时他天天练习弹钢琴。After finishing my work，I took a short rest.干完活后，我休息了一小会儿。They drove into town without talking to each

12、other.他们开车进城，一路上彼此默默无言。. 动名词作定语动名词作定语时不带附加成分，通常前置，表示该名词所表示的事物的用途。swimming pool 游泳池 teaching building 教学楼working conditions 工作条件 sleeping bag 睡袋walking stick 拐杖 reading room 阅读室易混易错清单、不定式和动名词作主语的区别（） 动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为，不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。 不定式（ 或不定式短语） 作主语时常用“ it” 来代替，称为形式主语，真正主语（ 不定式） 放在句尾。如：Collectin

13、g information about children.s health is his job. 收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。It.s necessary to discuss the problem with an experienced teacher.与一位有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的。（） 常用不定式做主语的句型有：Its difficult （ important， necessary） for sb. to do . . . Its kind （ good， friendly， polite， careless， rude， cruel，clever， foolish

14、， brave） of sb. to do . . .（） 常用动名词做主语的句型有：Its no good （ use， fun） doing . . .It is a waste of time . . .、不定式和动名词作宾语的区别stopto do停下来去做做另一件事doing停止做 停止正做的事forgetto do忘记要去做某事 未做doing忘记做过某事 已做过rememberto do记住去做 还未做doing记得做过 已做regretto do对要做的事遗憾 未做doing对做过的事遗憾 已做tryto do努力去做 未做doing试着做meanto dog打算 想做doin

15、意味着go onto do继续去做做另外一件事情doing接着做原先没做完的事例句：They stop to smoke a cigarette. 他们停下来，抽了根烟。I must stop smoking. 我必须戒烟了。Don.t forget to come tomorrow. 别忘了明天来。He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。Remember to go to the post office after school. 记着放学后去趟邮局。Don.t you remember seeing the man before？ 你不记得以

16、前见过那个人吗？I regret to tell you that you can.t pass the examination. 我很遗憾地通知你你不能通过这次考试。I regret disturbing you so long. 我很抱歉打扰了你那么久。Please try to finish this work in thirty minutes. 请尽量在 分钟完成这项工作。Why didn.t you try riding a bike to go to school？ 为什么不试着骑车去学校呢？I meant to give you this book today， but I f

17、orgot. 我本来打算今天给你这本书的，可是我忘了。Missing this train means waiting for another hour. 错过这辆火车意味着你得再等一小时。、动词不定式和现在分词做宾补的区别（） see， watch， hear， feel， notice，have 等动词既可跟不带to 的不定式做宾补，也可跟现在分词做宾补。 跟不带 to 的不定式做宾补表事情全过程或一次性动作；跟现在分词表主动或正在进行。 如：I heard her sing an English song just now. 刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。I heard her singi

18、ng an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.昨天经过她房间时，我听见她在唱英文歌。、现在分词和过去分词的区别（） 语态上不同：现在分词表示主动的意思，而过去分词多由及物动词变来，表示被动的意思。 如：an exciting story 一个令人兴奋的故事（ 主动）the excited listeners 激动的听众（ 被动，即被引起激动的）a moving film 一部感动人的影片。a moved audience 受感动的观众（） 时间关系上不同：一般说来，现在分词所表示的动作往往正在进行，而过去分词所表示的动作，往往已经

19、完成。 如：the changing world 正在变化着的世界the changed world 已经起了变化的世界developing countries 发展中国家developed countries 发达国家、have sb. do sth. ；have sb. doing；have sth. done 辨析（） have sb.do sth.“ have sb. （ 宾语） do sth. （ 宾语补足语） ” 意为“ 让 叫 使某人做某事” 。 此结构中的 have 是使役动词，sb. 作宾语，其后的 do sth. 是省去 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。 如：I.ll ha

20、ve someone repair the bike for you. 我会让人为你修理自行车的。（） have sb. sth. doing“ have sb. sth. （ 宾语） 现在分词（ 宾语补足语） ” 意为“ 叫 让 使某人做某事或让某种情况发生” 。 宾语 sb. sth. 后面用现在分词作宾语补足语，表示宾语与现在分词表示的动作之间为主动关系，且动作正在进行。 如：Don.t have the dog barking much. 别让狗狂吠不停。（） have sth. done“ have sth. （ 宾语） 过去分词（ 宾语补足语） ” 意为“ 让 叫 使 请别人做某事

21、” 。 宾语 sth. 后面用过去分词作宾语补足语，说明 sth. 与过去分词表示的动作之间是被动关系。 如：He has had his hair cut. 他（ 请人给他） 理发了。、含 doing 的常用短语（） have difficulty trouble problem fun a good time （ in） doing（） feel like doing would like to do 想要做某事（） spend time （ in） doing sth 花费时间做某事（） go doing 表示“ 从事某项活动” 。（） be busy doing 忙着做（） make

22、a contribution to doing 为作贡献（） devote to doing 致力于（） look forward to doing 期待（） prefer doing to doing 两者更喜欢（） be used to doing 习惯于、辨别谓与非谓先看四个答案：如果四个答案分别为动词原形、 不定式、 现在分词、过去分词等情况，那么这个题多半是非谓语动词题。【 例 】（ 四川内江 ） He hurried back home _his schoolbag.A. fetched B. to fetchC. fetching D. fetches【 解析】 考查非谓语动词的

23、用法。 这里是用不定式作目的状语，构成：他匆忙回家去取书包。 所以选择答案 B。【 答案】 B【 例 】（ 浙江杭州 ） Shes not strong enough _walking up mountains.A. to go B. goingC. go D. went【 解析】本题考查非谓语动词。 不定式 to go 做结果状语，由句意“ 她还没足够强壮到可以去爬山” 。 be enough to do sth 是固定句型，足够达到什么程度做某事。【 答案】 A、熟记习惯搭配学习非谓语动词时，要记住哪些动词后面用动词不定式，哪些动词后用动名词，同时也要熟记使用非谓语动词的常用句型。这样遇到

24、有关问题就会迎刃而解。【 例 】（江苏无锡） Dont throw away the waste paper. It needs _so that it can be reused.A. to destroy B. destroyingC. to collecting D. collecting【 解析】考查非谓语动词。 need doing sth，固定用法，需要做某事。【 答案】 D【 例 】（ 上 海 ） The retired couple enjoy photos. They always go out with their cameras.A. take B. tookC. to

25、take D. taking【 解析】考查非谓语动词。 enjoy doing sth， 固定用法，喜欢做某事。【 答案】 D中考真题演练. At times， parents find it difficult with their teenage children.A. talk B. talked C. talking D. to talk. Paul made a nice cage the little sick bird till it could fly.A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep. Im sleepy. I prefer at h

26、ome to going out for a walk.A. sleeping B. to sleep C. slept D. sleep. I prefer some shopping to camping since the weather isnt lovely.A. do；going B. doing；go C. do；go D. doing；going. We must do everything we can our earth cleaner and safer.A. made B. to making C. make D. to make. Why not John a toy

27、 car for his birthday？Good idea！ He is crazy about cars.A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys.Is Tom in the next room？Well，it.s hard to say. But I heard him loudly when I passed by just now.A. speak B. to speak C. spoken D. speaking. Some parents prefer the wall blue for their children them a feeling o

28、f harmony.A. to paint；to give B. painting；givingC. to paint；giving D. painting；to give. Janes mother preferred TV at home to to the concert.A. to watch；go B. watching；goingC. watching；go D. to watch；going. It.s very nice you my parents your best wishes.A. of；sending B. of；to sendC. for；to send D. fo

29、r；sending. They said sorry to me，but I wouldnt listen.It is foolish of you others for their mistakes.A. forgive B. not forgiveC. to forgive D. not to forgive. Why not an English club to practice English？A. join；speaking B. to join；speakingC. join；to speak D. to join；to speak中考真题演练. Our teacher often

30、 asks us questions in groups.A. discuss B. to discuss C. discussing D. discussed. Mary called and asked her husband home at once，because she locked their daughter in the home.A. to leave B. leave C. go D. to go. Vocabulary is important to language learning. Therefore，youd better try different ways y

31、ou can think of words and expressions.A. remember B. to remember C. remembering D. remembered. The boy is often heard in the music room. He sings very well.A. practice singing B. to practice singing C. practiced singing. The children decide their school yard this Friday afternoon.A. clean B. to clea

32、n C. cleaning D. cleaned. He lost his key. It made him in the cold to wait for his wifes return.A. to stay B. stayed C. stays D. stay. Even Tonys granddaughter, a five-year-old girl，asked him smoking.A. give up B. gave up C. to give up D. giving up. Lucy is shy. She would not invite her classmates d

33、ancing with her.A. practice B. practices C. practicing D. to practice. I didnt hear you come in just now.Thats good. We tried any noise，for you were sleeping.A. not make B. not to make C. to make D. making. Jessicas parents always encourage her out her opinions.A. speak B. speaking C. to speak D. wi

34、ll speak. Driving less，walking more is good for our health.So Id rather an hours walk to work than consider a car.A. take；drive B. take；to driveC. take；driving D. taking；driving. He promised his old friend during his stay in Tianjin.A. see B. seeing C. saw D. to see. honest is the first thing people

35、 should learn.A. Being B. Look C. Be D. Become. Would you mind in the dining hall？Of course not.A. not to smoke B. not smokingC. smoke D. not smoke. Lets for a walk，shall we？A. to go B. going C. go D. gone. Why dont you go out to play，Rose？Im afraid I cant. I have much homework .A. do B. does C. doi

36、ng D. to do. Mr. Li asks the students in the river，because its too dangerous.A. swim B. to swim C. not to swim D. to not swim. Its nice of you me with my maths.A. help B. helping C. to help D. helped. You need to take notes at the meeting so make sure a pen and some paper with you.A. bring B. bringi

37、ng C. to bring D. not bring. Tom often makes his brother butyesterday he was made by his brother.A. cry；to cry B. to cry；cryC. cry；cry D. to cry；to cryA 组中考模拟基础训练题组. What bad weather it was！ We decided .A. to go out B. not to go out C. to not go out D. not going out. It is very important for us Engl

38、ish well.A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learned. I have finished this book. You can take it away.A. to read B. read C. reading D. reads. The teacher told her students in public.A. not to shout B. not shouting C. not shout D. to not shout. There is no difference between the two words. I really d

39、ont know .A. to choose which B. which to chooseC. to which choose D. to choose. Let him a rest. I think he must be tired after the long walk.A. have B. to have C. make D. to make. Could you give me a hand，please？Sure. What would you like me ？A. do B. done C. doing D. to do. Can you show me an email？

40、A. send B. how to send C. how send to D. to send. Mother makes me my homework every day before I can play video games.A. finish B. finished C. finishing D. to finish. I saw Betty go to Grandpa Zhangs home just now.Yes，she is often seen the old man with his housework.A. help B. to help C. helps D. helping. Listen！ Can you hear a baby ？A. cry B. to cry C. crying D. cried. Our teacher did what she could us with English.A. help B. helped C. helping D. to help. What are you busy these days？Nothing much.A. doing B. do C. to do D. done.Its too hot. Would you mind the door？