中考英语完形填空技巧-专项讲解及练习(共6页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上完形填空题型解题及考试技巧考试要求完形填空主要考查学生综合运用语言的能力，要求学生从语篇层次上把握语言材料，在阅读理解的基础上进行逻辑推理，综合运用所学习的语言知识。完形填空主要考查对于文章上下文的理解和把握能力；对于词汇的意义和用法的理解和运用能力；根据生活常识进行推理和判断能力；对于习惯用语和短语的固定搭配掌握能力。1. 完形填空的命题方式：完形填空一般是200多个单词的短文，有目的地删除一些单词，留下空白让学生去还原。多数试题设计1015个空，但是短文的第一个句子一般不设计空白。大部分试题是提供四个选项让学生选择能够填入空白处的最佳答案。2. 完形填空的题型：完

2、形填空题所提供的短文大部分是记叙文，也有说明文和议论文。短文的题材广泛，可能包括幽默故事、英国文化知识、环境保护和学生校园生活等。完形填空考查的重点主要集中在下面这些方面：（1）词汇题，可能是近义词的用法辨析或者是动词、名词、形容词、副词等词义和用法等，学生通过对上下文内容可以较容易地找出答案。（2）常见固定搭配和习惯用法题，一般涉及到动词短语、介词短语等的搭配和用法。（3）逻辑分析题，必须在掌握全文的主旨大意的前提下，通过对故事的线索、短文各段的逻辑关系、短文内容之间的逻辑关系及人物情感的发展等的分析和理解，选出答案。中考完形填空综合了语法知识、阅读理解和逻辑推理等方面的知识点，更加注重语言

3、知识的应用性，突出了对运用语言的能力的考查。3. 做完形填空测试题应遵循的三个步骤：(1) 通读全文，了解大意这是做好完形填空题的前提，也是减少做完形填空题盲目性的重要步骤，对于命题中的逻辑推理、上下文及情景语境方面的内容起着决定性作用。每篇文章都有一个主题思想，段与段之间有承上启下、前呼后应的句子，段与段、句与句之间紧密相连从而形成一个有机整体。因此在做完形填空的时候一定要一气呵成去读短文，不要中断思路，对于一些不能理解的细节，如生词可以跳过去。另外，在阅读的时候要特别注意短文的开头句子和结尾的句子，因为这些句子一般不设计空白，给学生提供必要的背景信息和结果结论。(2) 仔细推敲，初定答案在

4、通读全文，了解大意的基础上开始答题。答题时要根据短文的内容和要求，结合短文的主题思想，对空缺句子作合乎逻辑的推理。要弄清空缺词句的确切含义，并对每一个空白的四个选项进行认真分析，反复推敲。空缺词句与其前后句的意义衔接必须自然、合理，不可出现意义断层或说东道西的情况，还要综合运用学过的知识，从语法、词语固定搭配、词形变化及逻辑推理和生活常识等角度考虑，有把握的答案一锤定音，把握性不大的可以先初定答案，做好符号，以便于下一步检查和推敲。(3) 再次通读全文，锁定最佳答案在完成前两个步骤的基础上，再检查是确信自己所选择的答案准确性的一次检阅。实际上是对短文和答案的又一次快速浏览。本次阅读的目的是调整

5、、修改和完善自己做题的过程。因为在原来紧张的答题过程中，会有一些我们无法确定或者粗心造成的错误，在这次重新阅读中被发现、被修改。如果做不出来的话，可能要改变一下思路。如实词多与文章的内容直接相关，虚词多与文章的连贯性或句子结构直接相关，如果从内容上实在看不出要填哪个单词的话，应考虑是否需要填介词、连词等。最后一次阅读全文也是检查所选择的答案是否能够保证短文的意思完整、语义合理、语法正确的关键步骤。 注意：验证答案、修正错误时着重注意：1)文章是否顺畅；2)所填单词是否是最佳选项；3)所填单词是否有拼写错误。4. 完形填空解题技巧：(1）总体把握通读完形填空的短文时，跳过空格快速阅读，了解全篇的

6、主要内容。选择答案时要从全文主旨大意和短文情景出发，不能只根据某一句子来选择，因为有时如果不考虑上下文时，四个选项有时都可以填入空中。例如：The 14-year-old girl says that she knows 2 about cooking. A. many B. much C. little只有根据上文叙述，才知道这个女孩对于做饭了解很少，正确答案是C。如果没有上文推断，只从备选项看，B和C在语法上都可以说的通。(2）弄清体裁文章体裁通常分为四种：论述文、记叙文、说明文和应用文。中考选文以叙事性文章为主，如：幽默故事、科普知识、童话、简短新闻、名人轶事、社会热点问题等。读这类文章

7、，要大体上了解故事所涉及的时间、地点、人物、事件及前因后果。不同的体裁可能使用不同的语气和说法，也就需要选用不同的选项了。(3）重视主题句完形填空所用的短文一般不给标题，但短文的主题句，往往在每段文章的首句，有时也出现在文章的中间或结束处。主题句提供全篇的性质、大意等，这是深入了解全文的“窗口”，甚至能以主题句为立足点，从该句的时态、语气推测全文的主要内容。(4）语境联想利用上下文的提示，用学过的知识和已有的生活经验，扫清部分词汇理解上的障碍。联想并推测故事所发生的情景和人物在那种情景下的心态和感觉，这样才能更好的把握全局，选对答案，从而避免理解错误而大量出错。(5）择优法和排除法择优法是把各

8、选项代入短文中，选出在词义上符合要求，且在语法上又没有语病的答案。排除法是在代入选项时如发现选项单词意义不对，或词与词搭配不妥，或存在语法错误，或与上下文有矛盾，则迅速排除不合适的选项，剩下的就是正确答案。(6）语言知识的判定词语搭配:从语法角度来说，句子不是词的序列，而是词组的序列。所以要注意词语和前后词汇的搭配。如：see a film，go to school1) 固定的复合词和动词短语。2) 常见的句式，如：Its+形容词+不定式。【注意】区别外形相近而意义不同的搭配。如：look for, look over, look out, look after, look up等。区别形不相

9、似而意义相近的搭配。如：I paid 12 pounds for the dictionary. The book cost me a lot. I spent 10 yuan on the box.三个句子中都有“付出、花费”之意的短语，译成汉语时似乎相通，搭配却有变化。单个词组的多义性。如：take off有“脱下(衣服)，(飞机) 起飞，匆匆离开，取下，休假等多种含意。（7） 语法要求1) 注意出现频率较高的词类题，依次为动词、介词、代词、连词、形容词、副词。选择各类词时，要注意以下几个方面：名词：应联系文章主题及空格前后出现的有关词，注意其单复数的一致。动词：要注意词义和惯用搭配，还要

10、区分近义词之间的用法差异及所给词的形式。介词：应注意其惯用法，特别是与动词或其他词组成的固定搭配。代词：注意人称、数、格等是否准确。连词：注意分析前后句或上下文的逻辑关系。形容词和副词：注意词义的区别，用于比较时，还要注意词形变化。2) 要注意句法题，搞清句子的种类、类型、省略和倒装，避免引起对文章的曲解。真题演练When I was in primary school, I had a big argument with a boy in my class. I cant _1_ what it was about, but I have never forgotten the2I lear

11、ned that day. I was sure that I was right and he was wrong. 3, he strongly believed that I was wrong and he was right. The teacher decided to teach us a lesson. She4a good idea. She brought both of us to the front of the class and placed him on one side of her grey desk and me on 5. In the middle of

12、 the desk was a large, round object. It was6for me to see that it was black. She asked the boy what color the object was. 7, he answered in a loud voice. I couldnt8that the object was white, considering that it was certainly black! One more argument started between the boy and me, this time 9the col

13、or of the object. The teacher told me to stand where the boy was standing and told him to stand where I had been. We changed10, and then she asked me what the color of the object was. I 11 answer, “White.” It was then that I knew what was wrong. It was an object with two12colored sides, and from his

14、 side it was white. 13from my side was it black. My teacher taught me a very important lesson that day: You must14 in other persons position (位置) and look at the15 through their eyes in order to truly understand their ideas.1. A. understand B. remember C. explain2. A. class B. subject C. lesson3. A.

15、 Therefore B. Also C. However4. A. came up with B. went on with C. got along with5. A. another B. other C. the other6. A. hard B. clear C. lucky7. A. Black B. White C. Grey8. A. realize B. describe C. believe9. A. like B. against C. about10. A. places B. objects C. opinions11. A. could B. should C.

16、had to12. A. similarly B. differently C. brightly13. A. But B. Still C. Only14. A. appear B. stand C. hide 15. A. situation B. discussion C. solution巩固练习AEveryone has their own dreams. They give us courage(勇气) and confidence to keep us going through difficulties. Here 1 some advice on how to realize

17、 our beautiful dreams. 2 giving up is the key to making our dreams come true. We may fail from time to time, 3 we can learn from failure(失败), correct our mistakes and try again until we achieve our goals. For that reason, no matter 4 difficult problems we meet, we wont fail unless we give up our hop

18、es. Our life is like a long journey which is not all roses. It sometimes has wind and rain. We believe rainbows(彩虹) will appear after storms. We will realize our dreams 5 last if we do our best. Cooperation(合作) is also necessary. Everyone likes a person who is good at cooperating with others. Beside

19、s, in our society, most problems cant be 6 by one person alone. 7 is like a small part of a machine. If one part isnt 8, the machine can not work well. Its hard for a person who is away from the society to have a deep understanding of the world. Cooperation is becoming one of 9 ways for people livin

20、g in the developing society. As a saying goes, “One tree doesnt make a 10.” At the same time, we should learn to examine our abilities because it helps us know about our advantages and disadvantages as well as get a full control of ourselves. Then we may be confident enough to face challenges. Follo

21、w the suggestions above, and our dreams are sure to come true.1. A. is B. are C. be2. A. Always B. Often C. Never3. A. if B. but C. than 4. A. how B. what C. where5. A. from B. on C. at6. A. solve B. solved C. solving7. A. We B. We each C. Each of us8. A. in time B. in order C. in need 9. A. importa

22、nt B. more important C. the most important10. A. forest B. grass C. fieldBMr. Klein told the class that a new student, Inez would join them soon. He 1that Inez was deaf. She “talked” with others by using sign language. Mr. Klein knew sign language, and he decided to teach 2students so that they coul

23、d also “talk” with Inez.First, they learned to sign the letters. Some letters were hard to 3. Other letters, such as C, were easier because the shape (形状) of the hand was the same as the shape of the letter. The 4thing they learned was finger-spelling. They signed one letter after another to spell a

24、 word. They 5with two-letter words such as at and on. Then they spelled 6words.Finally, Mr. Klein showed that 7one sign could be used for a whole word. To make the sign for the word fine, a person spreads out (张开) the fingers on one hand, 8the thumb (拇趾) to the chest (前胸) , and moves the hand away f

25、rom the chest. Signing is not just 9with the hands. Expressions on the face are also 10. The students learned to sign a question mark by using expressions on the face.When Inez first entered the classroom, she looked 11. But the students signed, “Good morning, Inez.” She gave the class a big smile a

26、nd signed back, “What a wonderful 12!”1. A. hopedB. said C. guessedD. thought2. A. hisB. my C. herD. our3. A. spellB. checkC. remember D. write4. A. firstB. only C. last D. next 5. A. metB. startedC. agreed D. helped6. A. newerB. easier C. longer D. nicer7. A. neverB. perhapsC. stillD. just8. A. joinsB. fixesC. touchesD. ties9. A. made B. done C. givenD. chosen10. A. important B. differentC. difficultD. strange11. A. serious B. surprisedC. frightened D. nervous12. A. welcome B. congratulation C. progress D. success专心-专注-专业