翻译基础训练20篇(共10页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上翻译基础训练20篇Test 1西安，是中国陕西省的省会，历经了许多朝代的沉浮。它曾断断续续地作为13个朝代的首都达1300年之久。西安的历史古迹使得游客想起这座城市昔日的辉煌。西安悠久辉煌的历史丰富了中国古代史的发展，进一步推动了中华文明的前进。今天，西安已是全国主要的旅游胜地之一，每年接待海内外旅游者约200万人次。在西安，遍布城内外的历史古迹和自然风光数不胜数，如驰名中外的兵马俑(Terra Cotta Warriors)、明代城墙、乾陵(Qian Mausoleum)等等。词汇难点朝代 dynasty 断断续续地 intermittently 历史古迹histo

2、ric sites 使某人想起某事remind sb. of sth. 辉煌的 glorious 丰富 enrich推动push forward 旅游胜地tourist destination 自然风景natural scenery 数不胜数countless 驰名中外world-famous 历经see遍布城内外的spread in and around the city 沉浮 rise and fall参考译文Xian, capital of Chinas Shanxi Province, has seen the rise and fall of a great number of dy

3、nasties. It severed intermittently as the capital of 13 dynasties over 1200 years. The historic sites in Xian remind the visitors of the citys former glory. The long and glorious history of Xian has enriched the development of Chinese ancient history and also further pushed forward the Chinese civil

4、ization. Today, Xian is one of the countys major tourist destinations and receives about 2 million visitors home and abroad annually. There are countless historic sites and natural scenery spread in and around the city, such as the world-famous Terra Cotta Warriors,the City wall of the Ming Dynasty,

5、the Qian Mausoleum and so on.Test 2舌尖上的中国(“A Bite of China”)为中央电视台播出的重点介绍中国美食的纪录片。观众不仅能欣赏到各种令人垂涎欲滴的食物，而且还能了解到各种菜肴精致的制作过程。该片反映了中华美食的多个方面，以全新的视角展现出美食所带来的仪式、伦理、趣味等方面的文化。观众从中能看到中国特色的食材。另外，他们也可以了解构成中国美食特质的一系列元素。专家认为，该片很好地呈现了中华饮食文化的精致和悠久历史。词汇难点播出 broadcast 重点介绍 feature 纪录片documentary 令人垂涎欲滴的mouthwatering

6、精致的 delicate 方面 aspect 仪式ceremony,rite 道德ethics,moral 全新的 brand-new 视角 perspective 特色的typical 食材ingredient 元素element 精致delicacy 美食 cuisine参考译文Broadcast on CCTV, “A Bite of China” is a documentary featuring Chinese cuisine. Audience can not only enjoy diverse mouthwatering foods, but also know the de

7、dicate process of food-making.The documentary reflects multiple aspects of Chinese cuisine and shows the culture of ceremonies,ethics and interests that originated from foods from a brand-new perspective.Audience can see the typical Chinese ingredients in it.In addition, they can also know a series

8、of elements which form the unique characters of Chinese food.Experts think the documentary wonderfully presents the delicacy and long history of Chines cuisine culture.Test 3传统中国家庭中，陈年子女与父母居住在同一屋檐下。自1974年中国实行独生子女政策（one-child policy）以来，中国家庭历经了许多变化。其中一个变化是核心家庭（nuclear family）成为主导。当独生子女因为读大学或结婚而离开家庭时，父

9、母才四五十岁。他们比其他国家育有多个子女的父母更早经历空槽综合症（empty-nest syndrome）。他们忽然感到孤独、悲伤、无用、消沉。所有这些社会、心理和生理上的变化同时发生，使得父母生活质量下降。生活对于他们来说变得更加有挑战性，更加艰难。词汇难点 同一屋檐下under the same roof 实行 implement;carry out 主导 dominance 消沉depressive 同时simultaneously 生活质量 living quality 心理和生理上的变化 psychological and physical change参考译文 Traditiona

10、lly in Chinese families, adult children live with their elderly parents under the same roof. Since China implemented the one-child policy in 1974,Chinese families have experienced many changes.One of them is the dominance of the nuclear family in China.When the only child leaves home for university

11、or marriage, the parents are in their forties or fifties. Parents suffer from empty-nest syndrome earlier than those with more children in some other countries.They suddenly feel lonely,sad,useless and depressive.All these social, psychological and physical changes happen simultaneously,which worsen

12、s parents living quality.Life becomes core challenging and tough for them.Test 4在中国，农历七月初七是人们俗称为“七夕节”（Double Seventh Festival），也有人称之为“中国情人节”。这是中国传统节日中最具浪漫色彩的一个节日，也是过去的女子最为重视的日子。相传，每年的这个夜晚，是天上牛郎与织女在鹊桥（a bridge of magpies）相会之时。现在，随着西方情人节在国内的流行，七夕节也慢慢引起国内年轻人的重视和兴趣。越来越多的年轻人开始庆祝七夕节，情侣们不仅互送礼物，而且还向天上的牛郎和织女

13、祈祷，祈求自己有一个完美婚姻。词汇难点农历的 lunar 情人节Valentins Day 浪漫（色彩）的 romantic 相传 according to the legend 流行popularity 祈祷/求 pay (for) 姻缘 marriage参考译文 In China, the 7th day of the lunar mouth is commonly known as “Double Seventh Festival”. It is also called “Chinese Valentines Day” by some people.This is the most ro

14、mantic festival among Chinese traditional festivals and also the day valued most by girls in the past. According to the legend, Niu Lang and Zhi Nv will meet on a bridge of magpies in this evening every year. Nowadays, along with the popularity of the western Valentins Day in China,Double Seventh Fe

15、stival has attracted the attention and interests of young people gradually. More and more people begin to celebrate this festival.The lovers not only send presents to each other, but also pray to Niu Lang and Zhi Nv in the heaven for a perfect marriage for themselves.Test 5 京剧(Beijing Opera)是中国最具有影响

16、力的剧中。它起源于徽剧，后来又吸收了几种古老的地方戏剧，最终形成了现在的京剧。京剧被称作“东方歌剧”，因为它也集歌唱、舞蹈、美术、文学等艺术于一体。京剧中的“生、旦、净、丑(sheng,dan,jing,chou)”指的是角色分类，代表角色的性别或者性格色彩。京剧的一个主要特点体现在它的脸谱(facial make up)上，脸上不同的颜色代表不同角色的性格、形象和命运。京剧已被介绍到全世界，成为传播中国传统文化的重要手段。词汇难点有影响力的influential 起源于originate from 吸收 absorb 剧种 drama代表 represent 形象image 命运fate 传

17、播spread参考译文Beijing Opera is the most influential drama in China. Originated from Anhui Opera, it has become what it is now after absorbing several ancient local dramas. Regarded as “Oriental Opera”,Beijing Opera also combines singing,dance,fine arts and literature,etc. The“sheng,dan,jing,chou”are te

18、rms for different types of roles,which represent their respective gender or character. One major characteristic of Beijing Opera can be reflected in its facial make-ups.Different colors on the face signify different characters,images and fates of the figures. Having been introduced to the world, Bei

19、jing Opera is an important meas to spread Chinese traditional culture.Test 6可持续发展(sustainable development)是20世纪80年代提出的一种新的发展观。这种模式要求在保护环境的条件下发展经济，既要满足当代的需求，又不能损害后代人的利益。它的核心思想是确保经济、资源和环境的协调发展，目的是让子孙后代享受充分的资源和良好的环境。可持续发展是中国的一项基本国策。目前中国正集中精力于节能减排，加快资源节约型和环境友好型工业体系的建设，加大环境保护力度，提高生态文明(ecological civiliza

20、tion)的水平。词汇难点提出 put(bring) forward 观（念）concept 模式 mode 在的条件下on the condition of 损害 damage,harm,hurt 利益 interest 确保ensure 协调发展 harmonious development国策state policy 减排emission reduction 加快accelerate 环境友好的 environment-friendly核心思想core idea 充分的 abundant 资源节约的 resource-saving 节能energy saving 生态文明 ecologi

21、cal civilization参考译文 Sustainable development is a new concept of development put forward in the 1980s. The mode requires that economy be developed on the condition fo environmental protection. It should satisfy the need of the present without damaging the interests of the future generations.The core

22、 idea is to ensure the abundant resources and good environment. Sustainable development is a basic state policy of China. Now China is focusing on energy saving and emission reduction, accelerating the construction of resource-saving and environment-friendly industry systems,stepping up environmenta

23、l efforts, and rising the level of ecological civilization.Test 7被称作“90后”(the post-90s)的中国新生一代拥有一种完全不同于父辈的文化。他们是首批伴随着互联网的一代。在网络平台上，“90后”以多种方式表达自我。他们在社交网络上闲逛，在微博上发帖，组成有成千上万成员的所谓“部落”，利用“火星人(Martian)”语言交流。在这样一个信息化时代长大，他们很容易形成自己的判断力，不受父母的影响。相对于上一代而言，90后虽然容易叛逆，却更自信，更富有进取心，也能更好地适应新环境。词汇难点新生代 the new gener

24、ation 父辈 elder generation 网络平台 network platform 表达自我express oneself 闲逛 hang out 发帖 post 组成 form 容易做be prone/apt to 判断力judgment 叛逆rebellious 有进取心enterprising 适应 adapt to参考译文The new generation of China, called “the post-90s”, has a culture totally different from the elder generation. They are the firs

25、t generation that has grown up with the generation. On the network platform, “the post-90s” express themselves in various ways. They hang out on social networks and post on microblogs. They form what some have described as “tribes” that can consist of thousands of members and communicate via(通过) “Ma

26、rtian” language.Growing up with easy access to information, they tend to form their own judgment, independent from the influence of their parents. Compared with the last generations,“the post-90s”, though more likely to be rebellious ,are more confident. They are much more enterprising and able to b

27、etter adapt themselves to a new environment. Test 8龙，一种仅出现在神话故事中的动物，在英文中是邪恶的象征。在英语文化中，龙是圣经中撒旦的化身。然而在中国传统文化中，龙是作为人类造福的动物。龙在中文里是吉祥、权威和珍稀的象征。现在龙在中国人的心目中依然享有崇高的地位，中国人自称“龙的传人”。龙已成为民族的图腾。在中国有很多关于龙的成语。例如“望子成龙”意思是希望儿子成为一个光明前途的人。词汇难点神话故事fairy tale 象征symbolize 传统文化traditional culture 权威 authority 珍惜 rareness

28、成语 idiom 光明的promising 龙的传人the descendants of the dragon 有很崇高的地位have a high position 邪恶 evil 图腾 totem 参考译文 Dragon, an animal only found in fairy tale, symbolize evil in English. In English culture, dragon sands for the Satan in the Bible. However, in Chinese traditional culture, dragon is an animal t

29、hat can bring people blessing. Dragon stands for luck, authority and rareness in Chinese. Nowadays, dragon still has high position in Chinese minds, and the Chinese call themselves descendants of the dragon. Dragon has become the national totem.There are a lot of idiom about dragon in China. For exa

30、mple, the idiom “Wang Zi Cheng Long” refers to the hope that ones son grow up to be a person with a promising future.Test 9孔子（Confucius）是春秋时期鲁国人，中国古代伟大的思想家、教育家、政治家和儒家思想(Confucianism)的创始人。他一生大部分时间都在从事教育事业，培养出很多知识渊博、有才能的人。作为儒家学派的创始人，孔子的思想以“仁(benevolence)”为核心。她的思想和学说的精华，主要收录于论语(The Analects)一书。孔子所创立的包括

31、哲学、政治、道德和教育等在内的完整学说，影响中国长达两千多年，是中华文化的宝贵遗产。同时，孔子的思想对世界也产生了深远的影响，推动了世界文明的发展。词汇难点创始人founder 从事engage in 知识渊博的 knowledgeable 有才能的 talented核心core 学说theory 精华 essence 收录record 道德ethics 宝贵的 precious 哲学 philosophy 仁爱 benevolence包括embrace 遗产legacy 对有深远的影响have a prolong impact on参考译文 Confucius, who lived in t

32、he State of Lu during the Spring and Autumn Period, was a great thinker,educator,politician and the founder of Confucianism in ancient China. With most of his life engaged in education,Confucius had educated many knowledgeable and talented people.As the founder of Confucianism, he made “benevolence

33、” the core of his thought. The essence of his thought and theories are recorded in the book The Analects. Regarded as the precious legacy of Chinese culture, the complete system of Confucian theories,which embraces the study in philosophy,politics,ethics and education,has influenced China for over 2

34、000 years.Meanwhile, his thoughts also have prolong impact on the world and have advanced the development of world civilization.Tes 10 颐和园主景区由万寿山( Longevity Hill )、昆明湖组成，全员占地2.9平方千米，水面约占四分之三，院内现存各式宫殿、园林古建7万平方米。颐和园还以大量珍贵的文物(cultural relics )藏品闻名于世，是第一批全国重点保护的历史文化遗址之一。1900年它遭到入侵的八国联军( the Eight Powers

35、 Allied Forces )破坏，1902年修复。中华人民共和国成立以后，几经修复，颐和园复建了重要景区。颐和园是中国传统建筑在园林设计和建造方面上的典范，借景周围的山水环境，既有皇家园林的富丽堂皇，又充满了自然之美。词汇难点占地 cover 珍贵的 priceless 入侵invade 破坏damage, destroy, wreck 修复 restoration 皇家园林imperial garden 富丽堂皇 magnificence 文物 cultural relics 平方千米square kilometer 典范 monument 历经undergo 建筑 architectu

36、re 历史文化遗址 historical and cultural heritage site 在方面 in terms of 颐和园 the Summer Palace 参考译文The Summer Palace, dominated mainly by Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake, covers an area of 2.9 square kilometers, three quarters of which is water.Its 70,000 square meters of building space features a variety of

37、 palaces gardens and other ancient structures. Well known for its large and priceless collection of cultural relics,it was among the first group of historic and cultural heritage sites in China to be placed under special state protection. The palace was damaged by the Eight Powers Allied Forces that

38、 invaded China in1990.Then it was repaired in 1902. Since the founding of the Peoples Republic Of China,the Summer Palace has undergone restoration several times. Its major attractions have been successively restored. The Summer Palace is a monument to classical Chinese architecture , in terms of bo

39、th garden design and construction. Borrowing scenes from surrounding landscapes ,it radiates not only the magnificence of an imperial garden but also the beauty of nature.Test 11月饼是中国人在中秋节食用的传统食品，一般呈圆形，寓意团圆幸福，反映了人们对家人团聚的美好愿望。在古代的中秋节，月饼被用来祭拜月神(Luna)，后来逐渐形成了中秋吃月饼的传统。月饼通常是烤制而成的，外皮(crust)一般是由面粉制成，里面包进某种

40、馅(stuffing)。月饼内陷多选用植物的种子，对人们的健康有益。现在的月饼品种更加繁多，风味更加丰富，受到我国各地人们的喜爱。如今将月饼作为礼物送给客户和亲朋好友已成为一种习俗。词汇难点寓意 symbolize 团圆 reunion 反应reflect 愿望 aspiration祭拜 worship 烘烤bake 由制成 be made of 对有益 benefit 品种variety 风味 flavor 面粉flour 参考译文 Moon cake is a traditional food eaten by the Chinese during the Mid-Autumn Festi

41、val.Generally it has a round shape,symbolizing reunion and happiness,which reflects peoples aspiration of family reunion. In ancient times, moon cake was made to worship the Luna on the Mid-Autumn Festival. Later the tradition of eating moon cakes on that day was formed gradually. Moon cake is gener

42、ally made by baking.The crust usually made of flour, in which a certain stuffing is filled. In most cases, the seeds of different plants are chosen as its stuffing, which benefits peoples health.With more varieties and flavors today, moon cake is liked by people all over the country. Nowadays it is

43、customary to bring moon cake to clients and relatives as presents.Test 12不断壮大的中国农民工(migrant workers)群体正成为一个有实力的消费群体。这一转变将推动中国的经济演变。2012年，蓝领劳动力(blue collar)由过剩转为短缺。这使得农民工的收入增长速度超过了其他任何重要的消费者群体。随着收入的增长，农民工群体在2012年总共消费了6670亿美元的商品和服务，相当于印尼(Indonesia)当年总消费支出的1.5倍。中国政府表示，农民工消费在促使中国GDP增长模式由过度依赖投资型转向消费拉动型方面

44、发挥着重大作用。词汇难点演变 evolution 过剩 surplus 短缺 shortage 商品和服务 goods and services 总消费支出 total consumer spending 由向转变 shift from to过度依赖投资 over-reliance on investment 消费拉动型 consumption-driven 参考译文 The ever-increasing migrant workers are becoming powerful consumers and this change will drive Chinas economic evo

45、lution.In 2012, blue collars shifted from surplus ti shortage, which made their incomes rise faster than any other significant consumer groups. With income increasing, they spent 677 billions dollars on goods and services in 2012. It was equivalent to 1.5 times total consumer spending in Indonesia t

46、hat year. According to Chinese government, the consumption activities of migrant workers contribute a lot to the transformation of Chinese GDP growth mode, from over-reliance on investment towards more consumption-driven growth.Test 13微博（microblog）是中国近几年开始兴起的一种社交网络服务。简单地说，就是将不超过140个字的几句话或者图片，通过电脑或者手机发到微