简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题(共4页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题一、句子成份英语句子成分有主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语等。 顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。 1、主语：表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：Country music has become more and more popular.（名词）We often speak English i

2、n class.（代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign languag

3、e.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式） 2、谓语：谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。1)简单谓语： We study for the people. 2)复合谓语： I can speak a little English. We are reading books. He has gone to Beijing.3、表语: 它位于系动词(比如be)之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。My sister is a nurse.Is it yours?（代词）The weather has turned cold.（形容词）The speech is ex

4、citing.（分词）Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）His job is to teach English.（不定式）His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）The ruler must be in your box.（介词短语）Time is up. The class is over.（副词）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句） 4、宾语: 宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，We like English.How many dictionari

5、es do you have? I have five.（数词）They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）It began to rain.（不定式短语）I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。 He gave me some ink. 有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补

6、足语构成复合宾语。如： We make him our monitor(班长).5、宾补: 就是宾语补足语，就是补充说明宾语的 I see you crossing the street His father named him Dongming.（名词）They painted（涂漆） their boat white.（形容词）Let the fresh（新鲜的） air in.（副词）You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）We found everyt

7、hing in the lab in good order.（介词短语）6、定语: 在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。 He is a new student. 但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。 The bike in the room/over there/ is mine.Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）China is a developing（发展中） country; America is a developed（发达） country.（分词） There are thirty women teachers is our

8、 school.（名词）His progress（进步）in English made us surprised.（代词）Our monitor（班长） is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）He is reading an article(文章) about how to learn English.（介词短语） 7、状语: 修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。 He lives in London. Light travels most

9、quickly.（副词及副词性词组）He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）He is sorry to trouble(麻烦) you.（不定式短语）He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）Once（一旦0 you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）状语种类如下：How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因

10、状语）I shall go there if it doesnt rain.（条件状语）Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语）He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结

11、果状语）She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）I am taller than he is.（比较状语）一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. His job is to train swimmers.5. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.6. His wis

12、h is to become a scientist.7. Hewants to finish the work in time.8. Tom came to ask me for advice（建议）.9. He found it important to master English.10. Do you have anything else to say?11. Would you please tell me your address?12. He sat there, reading a newspaper.13. It is our duty to keep our classro

13、om clean and tidy.14. He noticed（注意到） a man enter the room.15. The apples tasted sweet.简单句的五种基本句型英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下：S十V主谓结构 主语 不及物动词S十V十P主系表结构 主语 连系动词 表语S十V十O主谓宾结构 主语 及物动词 宾语S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 一、句型1：Subject (主语)Verb (谓语)这种

14、句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，所谓不及物动词，就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如：1) Li Ming works very hard.李明学习很努力。2) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。3）Spring is coming.4) We have lived in the city for ten years.二、句型2：Subject (主语)Link. V(

15、系动词)Predicate(表语)这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类：(1)表示状态。这样的词有：be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。如：1) This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。2) He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急。(2)表示变化。这类系动词有：become, turn, get, grow, go等。如：1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了，

16、天气变得越来越暖和。2) The tree has grown much taller than before.这棵树比以前长得高多了。三、句型3：Subject(主语)Verb (谓语)Object (宾语)这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词,所谓及物动词，就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语，其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例：1) He took his bag and left.（名词）他拿着书包离开了。2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代词)当我遇到困难时，李雷总能给我帮助。3) She plans

17、 to travel in the coming May Day.（不定式）她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。4) I dont know what I should do next. (从句)我不知道下一步该干什么。注意：英语中的许多动词既是及物动词，又是不及物动词。四、句型4：Subject(主语)Verb(谓语)Indirect object(间接宾语)Direct object (直接宾语)这种句型中，直接宾语为主要宾语，表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名词来充当；间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语，去掉之后，对整个句子的影响不大，多由指“人”的名词或代词承担

18、。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有：buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。如：1) Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。2）The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。上述句子还可以表达为：1）Her father bought a dictionary f

19、or her as a birthday present.2）The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March.五、句型5：Subject(主语)Verb (动词)Object (宾语)Complement(补语)这种句型中的“宾语补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等；或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如：1）You should keep the room clean a

20、nd tidy.你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。（形容词）2) We made him our monitor.(名词)我们选他当班长。3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。4）My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.(现在分词)5) Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans.(过去分词)常见的动词有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would li

21、ke, order, force, allow等。注意：动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。如：1) The boss made him do the work all day.老板让他整天做那项工作。2) I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.昨天晚上我听见她在隔壁唱了一个晚上。判断类型和句子成分：She came She likes English. She is happyThe teacher asked

22、me to read the passage. She bought a book for me. She gave John a book My head aches.She makes her mother angry The sun was shining. The moonrose. Theytalked for half an hour. The dinner smells good. Everything looks different. He is growing tall and strong. His face turned red. Whoknowsthe answer?

23、Heenjoys reading. Iwantto have a cup of tea. Heboughtyoua dictionary. Sheorderedherselfa new dress. Shecookedher husbanda delicious meal. Ishowedhimmy pictures. Igavemy cara wash. Heshowedmehow to run the machine. Whatmakeshim think so? The children are playing happily. The Greens enjoy living in China.He became a famous doctor.The apple pie tastes really delicious.专心-专注-专业