四级写作讲义word版(共90页).docx

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上课程安排一、 四六级评卷简介及真题回顾二、 模板类型三、 句子能力培训四、 模板运用四六级评卷简介及真题回顾 1.四六级评卷人的弱点 厌倦（bored) 疲劳（tired) 气恼（fretful) 2.四六级作文评卷人的几个兴奋点 A.脉络（organization); B.细节及论据（details & examples); C.行文(facility in the Use of Language and Appropriate Word Choice)。 3.四六级作文评卷人的几个盲区 A.您选择了什么论点； B.您在文章中犯的少量的拼写、标点错误； C.您的论据

2、是否天衣无缝 四级作文遣词造句谋篇谋篇（the part of essay）组段（the order of paragraph）两段或者三段遣词（the choice of diction） 涵盖在四级写作的造句过程中造句 四级写作的重点 考虑两个方面：写什么；怎么写历年真题回顾2005年6月四级write a short essay in honor of teachers on the occasion of Teachers Day. 1.向老师致以节日祝贺2.从一件难忘的事回忆老师的教诲和无私的奉献3.我如何回报老师的关爱2005年12月四级Should the University

3、Campus Be Open to Tourists? 1.名校校园正成为旅游新热点2.校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同3.我认为2006年6月17日四级write a poster recruiting volunteers.1.校学生会将组织一次暑假志愿者活动，现招募志愿者2.本次志愿者活动的目的、活动安排等3.报名条件及联系方式2006年6月24日新四级write a short essay on the topic of students selecting their lecturers. 1.有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课教师2.学生选择教师时所考虑的主要因素3.学生自选

4、任课教师的益处和可能产生的问题2006年12月23日新四级Spring Festival Gala on CCTV. 1.许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会2.但有些人提出取消春节晚会3.我的看法2007年6月23日四级Write an announcement to welcome students to join a club.1.本社团的主要活动内容；2.参加本社团的好处3. 如何加入本社团2007年12月四级What electives to choose1. 各大学开设了各种各样的选修课2. 学生因为各种原因选择了不同的选修课3. 以你自己为例2008年6月四级 Recreational

5、Activities 1.娱乐活动多种多样 2.娱乐活动可能使人们受益，也可能有危害性 3.作为大学生，我的看法。2008年12月四级 Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags 1.一次性塑料袋曾广为使用 2.由此带来的问题 3.限制使用一次性塑料袋的意义2009年6月四级 Free Admissions to Museums? 1.越来越多的博物馆现在免费向公众开放，目的是： 2.有人认为这样做会带来一些问题 3.在我看来2009年12月四级 Creating a Green Campus 1.建设绿色校园十分重要 2.绿色校园不仅是指绿色的环境

6、 3.为了建设绿色校园，我们应该2010年6月四级 Due Attention Should Be Given to Spelling 1.如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写 2.出现这种现象的原因 3.我认为（措施）2010年12月四级 How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? 1. 目前不少父母为孩子包办一切2. 为了让孩子独立， 父母应该2011年6月四级On line shopping1.现在网上购物已成为一种时尚2.网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题 3.我的建议模板类型 显行选择：（一个现象、有些人认为、另外一些人认为、

7、自己的观点。） 表选择 一般性议论文 模糊选择:( 一个现象、很多人针对这一现象有不同的观点or这个现象既有好处又有坏处。)作文框架现象原因措施型 应用文：感谢信，社团招聘，志愿者招聘等。一、 常用句型l 表原因（引出原因+列举原因）引出原因：there are a variety of factors which can account for it.列举原因：原因一，the most important reason is that+完整句子原因二，another major factor is that +完整句子原因三，the most frequently stressed one

8、is that+完整句子l 表举例（引出例子+列举例子）引出例子：the following example can serve as strong evidence of the issue.列举例子：例子一，to begin with,例子二，furthermore，l 表重要性it may be said without fear of exaggeration that the importance of can not be overestimated.l 表优缺点比较Although the advantages of are considerable, they can not

9、compete with the benefits of when sth is/are taken into account.(加强版)Although the advantages that bring about are considerable, they can not compete with the benefits that result in when sth is/are taken into account.l 表好处（开拓视野，丰富知识，培养独立性）broaden ones horizon，enrich ones mind，cultivate ones independ

10、encel 表现象（引出现象+主题细化）nowadays, there is a growing concern over the issue of/on（how,why,whether）/that+主题，for It may well come as a surprise to learn that主题细化l 表措施（措施+展望）As to how solve this issue , there are several tentative suggestions as follows for one thing. We should appeal to our school/univers

11、ity /government/ Parents that relevant regulations/laws/activities should be implemented so as to protect（保护）/control(控制)/ ensure（确保）/ create（创造） atmosphere of 主题.For another , the awareness of the public/ students/ Parents should be improved that 主题 is vital to us.Only when the above-mentioned step

12、s are carried out smoothly can we succeed in solving this issue and make our life more colorful.l 表一般性结论Form what has been discussed above, we may finally draw a conclusion that due attention should be given to 主题 so as to make our life/future/world/more colorful.二、模板分类表一般性议论的模板：第一部分表选择一、显性选择第一段：Now

13、adays, there is a growing concern over the issue of/on/that+主题，for It may well come as a surprise to learn that some firmly believe that+完整的句子（表示一方的观点），others argue that+完整的句子（另一方观点）.In my opinion, I side with the former /the latter.第二段：Why do I hold this idea? There are a variety of factors which c

14、an account for it. The most important reason is sth. /that+完整句子. Another major factor is sth./ that+完整句子. the most frequently stressed one is sth./that+完整句子.So, it may be said without fear of exaggeration that the importance of 主题 can not be overestimated.第三段：Form what has been discussed above, we m

15、ay finally draw a conclusion that due attention should be given to 主题 so as to make our life/future/world/more colorful.中文译文：现今，越来越多的人正在关注+主题，令人吃惊的是：一些人坚定认为+一方观点，另外一些人认为+另外一方观点。就我个人而言，我支持前者或者是后者。为什么我持有这个观点呢？原因有很多，最主要的一点原因是+原因1；另外一个主要的因素是+原因2；还有一点经常被强调的一点是+原因3.因此可以毫不夸张地说，主题的重要性再怎么高估也不过分。从以上讨论，我们可以最终得

16、出这样一个结论：我们应该重视+主题，从而使我们的生活/未来/世界/更加美好。二、隐性选择隐性选择之多方向选择第一段：Nowadays, there is a growing concern over the issue of/on/that+主题，for It may well come as a surprise to learn that some choose(其中一部分)，however, others select （另一不同部分）.In my opinion, I prefer to side with the multi-choices on this issue 第二段：Why

17、 do I hold this idea? There are a variety of factors which can account for it. The most important reason is sth/ that+完整句子. Another major factor is sth/that+完整句子. The most frequently stressed one is sth/that+完整句子. So, it may be said without fear of exaggeration that the importance of multi-choices o

18、n +主题can not be overestimated.Form what has been discussed above, we may finally draw a conclusion that dueattention should be given to multi-choices on +主题 so as to make ourlife/future/world/more colorful.(防止字数不够)From what has been discussed above , we may finally draw a conclusion that although th

19、e advantages of some choices are considerable, they can not compete with the benefits of others when certain situations are taken into account ,thus. Due attention should be given to multi-choices on/ over +主题so as to make our life /future /world /more colorful .中文译文：现今，越来越多的人正在关注+主题，令人吃惊的是：一些人选择（其中

20、一部分），另外一些人选择（另一部分）。就我个人而言，我比较倾向于在这一问题上进行多选择。为什么我持有这个观点呢？原因有很多，最主要的一点原因是+原因1；另外一个主要的因素是+原因2；还有一点经常被强调的一点是+原因3.因此可以毫不夸张地说，在某一主题上进行多项选择重要性再怎么高估也不过分。从以上讨论，我们可以最终得出这样一个结论：我们应该重视在这一主题上进行多项选择，从而使我们的生活/未来/世界/更加美好。隐性选择之既有好处又有坏处第一段：Nowadays, there is a growing concern over the issue of/on/that+主题，for It may w

21、ell come as a surprise to learn that some firmly believe that+完整的句子（表示好处的观点some benefits），others argue that+完整的句子（表示有坏处的观点negative effects）.In my opinion, I prefer to focus on the balance of the both on this issue 第二段：Why do I hold this idea? There are a variety of factors which can account for it.

22、The most important reason is sth/that+完整句子（一方的重要性或者说好处Another major factor is sth/ that+完整句子. The most frequently stressed one is sth/ that+完整句子（另一方的重要性或者好处）.So, it may be said without fear of exaggeration that the importance of balance of the both can not be overestimated. Form what has been discus

23、sed above, we may finally draw a conclusion that due attention should be given to not going to extremes on 主题 so as to make our life/future/world/more colorful.中文译文：现今，越来越多的人正在关注+主题，令人吃惊的是：一些人坚定认为主题有其好处，另外一些人认为主题有其负面。就我个人而言，我比较强调二者的平衡。为什么我持有这个观点呢？原因有很多，最主要的一点原因是+原因1；另外一个主要的因素是+原因2；还有一点经常被强调的一点是+原因3.

24、因此可以毫不夸张地说，主题平衡的重要性再怎么高估也不过分。从以上讨论，我们可以最终得出这样一个结论：我们应该重视避免在这一主题上走极端，从而使我们的生活/未来/世界/更加美好。第二部分、现象、原因、措施型第一段：Nowadays there is a growing concern over the issue of sth/doing sth/ on (How/whether)/that+完整句子. For it may well come as a surprise to learn that +对大纲呼吁的反面进行描述.第二段： Why is there such phenomenon?

25、 There are a variety of factors which can account for it.The most important reason is sth/that+完整句子. Another major factor is sth/ that+完整句.第三段：As to how solve this issue , there are several tentative suggestions as follows for one thing. We should appeal to our school/university /government/ Parents

26、 that relevant regulations/laws/activities should be implemented so as to protect（保护）/control(控制)/ ensure（确保）/ create（创造） atmosphere of 主题.For another , the awareness of the public/ students/ Parents should be improved that 主题 is vital to us. Only when the above-mentioned steps are carried out smoot

27、hly can we succeed in solving this issue and make our life more colorful. (如字数不够再加上So, it may be said without fear of exaggeration that the importance of +主题呼吁can not be overestimated.)中文译文：第一段：现今，越来越多的人正在关注+主题，令人吃惊的是：主题问题的描述。第二段：为什么会有这种现象呢？原因有很多，最主要的一点原因是+原因1；另外一个主要的因素是+原因2；还有一点经常被强调的一点是+原因3. 第三段：至

28、于如何解决这个问题，有以下几点建设性的建议，首先，我们应该呼吁政府/学校/父母去制定实行相关的法律/法规/活动从而去控制/创造(某种氛围)/保护/确保相关主题。另外一方面，学生/公众/父母们的意识也应该被提升从而让他们认识到相关主题对我们来说是很重要的。只有当以上步骤得以很好的实施，我们才能成功的解决这个问题，从而使我们的生活变得更加美好。（如果字数不够，可以加上相关主题重要性的描述）第三部分、具体原因分析、现象原因措施类：家庭学校环境家庭： 父母溺爱孩子（overindulge children, give too much love to children） 孩子不够孝顺(children

29、 are not filial to their parents, have the problems in terms of communicating)（沟通出现问题） 父母不重视孩子的某个方面(parents do not attach great importance to childrens certain aspect in terms of study，living habits, morality cultivation（学习，生活习惯，品质培养等）(可以细化到与主题有关的细节)学校：老师不受欢迎(some lecturers in university are not ver

30、y popular with students because of different teaching style, teaching quality and age etc.（教学风格，教学质量，年龄等） 学校不重视学生的某个方面(schools or universities do not attach great importance to childrens certain aspect in terms of study，living habits, morality cultivation（学习，生活习惯，品质培养等）(可以细化到与主题有关的细节) 学校环境不好，学习氛围不好(

31、have no very good environment and good study atmosphere)环境：污染（绿化不够，浪费，人为垃圾，有毒物质等）(be in shortage of green vegetations, waste, rubbish made by people/students, harmful materials)选择类好处：（把重要性的好处也放在这，因为某个方面重要也是因为其有优点）节约时间 save time or save time to do sth 质量有保证 guarantee the quality 可以增强民族自豪感和归属感enhance

32、sense of national pride and belonging 有利于健康（心理健康-独立，责任感，关爱，生理健康放松自我，充满活力，避免接触有毒物质或被污染）(be helpful to heath(mental healthindependence, responsibility, sympathy; physical health: relax oneself, be energetic, avoid being polluted or exposed to the harmful materials) 是中华民族的优良传统( an excellent tradition i

33、n our china) 对环境有利(be conducive to environment) 可以节约资源(save natural resources) 节约钱去(save money or save money to do sth) 对未来有利(be conducive to our future) 有趣（be interesting）应用文之感谢信，通知，社团招聘类型 感谢 sth thank you for Im writing to you to doing sth Congratulate you on sth . I used to isolate myself from ot

34、hers, so I always felt very lonely, at that time, you suggested me joining a club. By taking part in this activity, I have broadened my horizon, enriched my mind and cultivated my independence, for I have met different people here, they have different views on this world, I really have learned a lot

35、 from them. Now , I know that although, sometimes, the advantages of being isolated from others are considerable , they can not compete with benefits of doing sth (代入主题)when our future is taken into account .我此信谨谢谢你/祝贺你+主题，我过去常常把自己孤立起来，因此我感到非常的孤单，在那时，你建议我参加一个俱乐部，通过这次活动，我开阔了我的视野，丰富了我的知识，培养了我的独立性，因为在这

36、里我遇到了不同的人，他们有不同的世界观，我确实从他们身上学到了很多。现在，我知道尽管有时孤独地好处很多，但是考虑到我们的未来，它还是不能和参加+主题活动带来的好处相比。 志愿者招聘，社团招聘 new membersWe are going to recruit (welcome) .A recent study shows volunteersthat some students used to isolate themselves from others , so they always felt very lonely .to avoid this case on you again, w

37、e suggest you joining us. By taking part in this activity , you can broaden your horizon , enrich your mind and cultivate your independence ,for you can meet different people here, they have different views on this world , you can really learn a lot from them. In the near future, you will know that

38、although,sometimes, the advantages of being isolated from others are considerable, they can not compete with benefits of doing sth (主题)when our future is taken into account.翻译：我们即将招聘新成员/志愿者。一份最近的调查表明，一些学生过去常常孤立自己，他们感到孤独，为了避免类似的情况在你们身上发生，我们建议你们加入我们。通过参加这类活动，你能开拓视野，丰富你的知识，培养你的独立性，因为在此，你能遇见不同的人，他们有不同的世

39、界观，你的确能从他们身上学到很多东西。在不远的未来，你将会明白：尽管有时候独处的好处很多，但是考虑到我们的未来，它还是不能和+主题活动带来的好处相比。(后另起一段接活动安排、联系方式、如何参加等)活动安排句型As to how we arrange this activity, (we will hold some theme-oriented party, some training classes ,some visits ,and so on)这里可以写任何你会的活动方式联系方式句型 As to how to contact us ,please dial the number encl

40、osed .如何参加句型 As to how to join us 句子的基本结构第一节 英语句型结构的基本框架6(time)-1(who)-2(what)-3(whom)-4(how)-5(where)-6(when)(Yesterday morning) I killed a rat with a sword in my room (Yesterday morning)英语的语序：昨天早上我杀死了一只老鼠用剑在我的房间里汉语的语序：昨天早上我在我房间里用剑杀死了一只老鼠。games played yesterday in their room the children quietly.(Y

41、esterday) the children played games quietly in their room(yesterday).the little boy an apple this morning ate happily in the kitchen.(This morning) the little boy ate an apple happily in the kitchen (this morning).英语基本句型框架训练：祥见附录第二节 英、汉在意义表达上的最大区别一、 汉英对比英语：最核心的信息先出现（in English, the most important in

42、formation comes first）.Example 1:一看到那个女孩子我就爱上她了=我爱上那个女孩我一看到她。I fell in love with that girl at first sight.Example 2:我希望你听了我讲的话后能够更加理解我的心情=我希望你能够理解我的心情在你听了我所讲的话后。I hope you can understand me better after you hear what I said.Example 3:如果你需要我的帮助请告诉我=请告诉我如果你需要我的帮助。Please let me know if you need my help

43、.Example 4:我到达机场的时候飞机已经起飞了=飞机已经起飞了我到达机场的时候。The plane had already taken off when I got to the airport.Example 5:每当我看到这件衬衣，就会想到我的前女友=我就会想到我的前女友每当我看到这件衬衣。I would think of my ex-girlfriend whenever I see this shirt.自测练习1（祥见附录）第三节 我们来分析一下句中动词的位置一、动词在汉语表达中的位置：在汉语句子中，动词的位置主要靠动词自身的意思来体现合理与否。示例1：我在她身边坐下来，一句话

44、也没说。示例2：我进了房间，看到母亲坐在里面等我回来。Example 1:I sat down next to her and said nothing. I sat down next to her, saying nothing. Sitting down next to her, I said nothing. Example 2: I entered the room and (表示并列关系的连词)saw mother sitting (表示伴随关系的从属性动词，具体而言作宾语补语)there, waiting (表示伴随关系的从属性动词)for me to come back.(表示目的的从属关系)（总共有五个动词：有并列关系，也有从属关系）二、 汉语句子动词判断训练1. 我今天下午过来看你。Ill come over to see you this afternoon. 2. 我有件重要的事情告诉你。I have something important to tell you.3.我来告诉你今天下午的会议取消了。I come to tell