Comment-The-Iceberg-Theory海明威冰山理论全(共2页).docx

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上The Iceberg Theory (also known as the theory of omission) is the writing style of American writer Ernest Hemingway. In 1932, in Death in the afternoon, Hemingway used an effective metaphor to describe his writing style for the first time: The dignity of an iceberg is due to only oneeigh

2、th of it being above waters.one eighth of it is above the water, all of the rest is impliedIf a writer of prose knows enough of what he is writing about he may omit things that he knows and the reader, if the writer is writing truly enough, will have a feeling of those things as strongly as though t

3、he writer had stated them. A writer who omits things because he does not know them only makes hollow places in his writing. Succinct words, distinct images, plentiful emotion and profound thought are the four fundamental elements of iceberg theory for further study, that is, the words and images are

4、 the socalled ”1/8” while the emotion and thought are the socalled ”7/8” The formers are specific and visual while the latter are implied in the form erThe words portray the images；the emotion is embodied in the images；the thought is embodied in the emotion1932年，海明威在他的纪实性作品午后之死中，提出著名的“冰山原则”。他以“冰山”为喻，认为作者只应描写“冰山”露出水面的部分，水下的部分应该通过文本的提示让读者去想像补充。 他在书中说道：如果一位散文家对于他想写的东西心中有数，那么他可以省略他所知道的东西，读者呢？只要作者写得真实，会强烈的感觉到作者省略的地方，就好像作者已经写出来了。他说：“冰山运动之雄伟壮观，是因为他只有八分之一在水面上。八分之一是作者看到的，八分之七虽然没有写出来，但是读者也能感觉到。”文学作品中，文字和形象是所谓的“八分之一”，而情感和思想是所谓的“八分之七”。前两者是具体可见的，后两者是寓于前两者之中的。专心-专注-专业