JavaWeb前台设计与实现外文翻译(共12页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上郑州大学西亚斯国际学院毕业论文外文资料翻译 学 院： 电子信息工程学院 专 业： 软件工程（软件开发方向） 姓 名： xxxx 学 号： xxxxxxxx 附 件： 1外文原文 2外文资料翻译 指导教师评语： 签名： 2013年04月25日附件1：外文原文Database Development ProcessBased on information engineering information systems planning database is a source of development projects. These new database deve

2、lopment projects is usually in order to meet the strategic needs of organizations, such as improving customer support, improve product and inventory management, or a more accurate sales forecast. However, many more database development project is the bottom-up approach emerging, such as information

3、system user needs specific information to complete their work, thus beginning a project request, and as other information systems experts found that organizations need to improve data management and begin new projects. Bottom-up even in the circumstances, to set up an enterprise data model is also n

4、ecessary to understand the existing database can provide the necessary data, otherwise, the new database, data entities and attributes can be added to the current data resources to the organization.Both the strategic needs or operational information needs of each database development projects normal

5、ly concentrated in a database. Some projects only concentrated in the database definition, design and implementation of a database, as a follow-up to the basis of the development of information systems. However, in most cases, the database and associated information processing function as a complete

6、 information systems development project was part of the development. one. System Development Life CycleGuide management information system development projects is the traditional process of system development life cycle (SDLC). System development life cycle is an organization of the database design

7、ers and programmers information system composed of the Panel of Experts detailed description, development, maintenance and replacement of the entire information system steps. This process is because Waterfall than for every step into the adjacent the next step, that is, the information system is a s

8、pecification developed by a piece of land, every piece of the output is under an input. However shown in the figure, these steps are not purely linear, each of the steps overlap in time (and thus can manage parallel steps), but when the need to reconsider previous decisions, but also to roll back so

9、me steps ahead. (And therefore water can be put back in the waterfall!) The system development life cycle including each stage and database development-related activities, therefore, the question of database management systems throughout the entire development process. In Figure 5 we repeat of the s

10、ystem development life cycle stage of the seven, and outlines the common database at each stage of development activities. Please note that the systems development life cycle stages and database development steps exists between the relationship between the concept of modeling data in both systems de

11、velopment life cycle stages between.1.1 Enterprise Modeling Database development process from the enterprise modeling (system development life cycle stage of the project feasibility studies, and to choose a part)Organizations set the scope and general database content. Enterprise modeling in informa

12、tion systems planning and other activities, these activities determine which part of information systems need to change and strengthen the entire organization and outlines the scope of data. In this step, check the current database and information systems, development of the project as the main area

13、s of the nature of the business, with a very general description of each term in the development of information systems when needed data. Each item only when it achieved the expected goals of organizations can be when the next step.1.2 Conceptual Data Modeling One has already begun on the Informatio

14、n System project, the concept of data modeling phase of the information systems needs of all the data. It is divided into two stages. First, it began the project in the planning stage. At the same time outlining the establishment of other documents to the existing database without considering the ci

15、rcumstances specific development projects in the scope of the required data. This category only includes high-level data (entities), and main contact. Then in the system development life-cycle analysis stage must have a management information system set the entire organization Details of the data mo

16、del definition of all data attributes, listing all data types that all data inter-entity business linkages, defining description of the full data integrity rules. In the analysis phase, but also the concept of inspection data model (also called the concept behind the model) and the goal of informati

17、on systems used to explain other aspects of the model of consistency categories, such as processing steps, rules and data processing time of timing. However, even if the concept is such detailed data model is only preliminary, because follow-up information system life cycle activities in the design

18、of services, statements, display and inquiries may find that missing element or mistakes. Therefore, the concept of data often said that modeling is a top-down manner, its areas of operation from the general understanding of the driver, rather than the specific information processing activities by t

19、he driver. 1.3 Logical Database Design Logical database design from two perspectives database development. First, the concept of data model transform into relational database theory based on the criteria that means - between. Then, as the design of information systems, every computer procedures (inc

20、luding procedures for the input and output format), database support services, statements, and inquiries revealed that a detailed examination. In this so-called Bottom-up analysis, accurate verification of the need to maintain the database and the data in each affairs, statements and so on the needs

21、 of those in the nature of the data. For each separate statements, services, and so on the analysis must take into account a specific, limited but complete database view. When statements, services, and other analysis might be necessary to change the concept of data model. Especially in large-scale p

22、rojects, the different analytical systems development staff and the team can work independently in different procedures or in a centralized, the details of their work until all the logic design stage may be displayed. In these circumstances, logic database design stage must be the original concept o

23、f data model and user view these independent or merged into a comprehensive design. In logic design information systems also identify additional information processing needs of these new demands at this time must be integrated into the logic of earlier identified in the database design.Logical datab

24、ase design is based on the final step for the formation of good data specifications and determine the rules, the combination, the data after consultation specifications or converted into basic atomic element. Most of todays database, these rules from the relational database theory and the process kn

25、own as standardization, #. This step is the result of management of these data have not cited any database management system for a complete description of the database map. Logical database design completed, we began to identify in detail the logic of the computer program and maintenance, the report

26、 contents of the database for inquiries. 1.4 Physical database design and definitionPhysical database design and definition phase decisions computer memory (usually disk) database in the organization, definition of According to the library management system for physical structure, the procedures out

27、lined processing services, produce the desired management information and decision support statements. The objective of this stage is to design an effective and safe management of all data-processing database, the physical database design to closely integrate the information systems of other physica

28、l aspects of the design, including procedures, computer hardware, operating systems and data communications networks. 1.5 Database Implementation The database prepared by the realization stage, testing and installation procedures for handling databases. Designers can use the standard programming lan

29、guage (such as COBOL, C or Visual Basic), the dedicated database processing languages (such as SQL), or the process of the non-exclusive language programming in order to produce a statement of the fixed format, the result will be displayed, and may also include charts. In achieving stage, but also t

30、he completion of all the database files, training users for information systems (database) user setup program. The final step is to use existing sources of information (documents legacy applications and databases and now needs new data) loading data. Loading data is often the first step in data from

31、 existing files and databases to an intermediate format (such as binary or text files) and then to turn intermediate loading data to a new database. Finally, running databases and related applications for the actual user maintenance and retrieval of data. In operation, the regular backup database an

32、d the database when damaged or affected resume database.1.6 Database maintenance During the database in the progressive development of database maintenance. In this step, in order to meet changing business conditions, in order to correct the erroneous database design, database applications or proces

33、sing speed increase, delete or change the structure of the database. When a procedure or failure of the computer database affect or damage the database may also be reconstruction. This step usually is the longest in the database development process step, as it continued to databases and related appl

34、ications throughout the life cycle, the development of each database can be seen as a brief database development process and data modeling concepts arise, logical and physical database design and database to achieve dealing with the changes. two. Information System developed by other means System De

35、velopment Life Cycle minor changes in law or its variant of the often used to guide information systems and database development. Information System is a life-cycle methodology, it is highly structured approach, which includes many checks and balances to ensure that every step of produce accurate re

36、sults, and new or alternative information system and it must communications or data definitions consistent existing system needs consistency. System development life cycle because of the regular need to have a working system for a long time been criticized because only work in the system until the e

37、nd of the whole process generated. More and more organizations now use rapid application development method, it is a includes analysis, design and implementation of steps to repeat the rapid iterative process until convergence to users the system so far. Rapid Application Development Act required th

38、e database has been in existence, and enhance system is mainly to the application of data retrieval application, but not to those who generate and modify database applications. The most widely used method of rapid application development is one of the prototype. The prototype system is a method of i

39、terative development process, analysts and users through close co-operation, continuing to revise the system will eventually convert all the needs of a working system. In this diagram we contains notes, briefly describes each stage of the prototype of the database development activities. Normally, w

40、hen information systems problems were identified, tried only a rough concept of data modeling. In the development of the initial prototype, the design of the user wants to display and statements, and that any new database needs and define a term prototype database. This is usually a new database, co

41、py the part of the existing system, but might also added some new content. When the need for new content, these elements are usually from external data sources, such as market research data, the general economic indicators or industry standards. When a prototype of a new version to repeat the achiev

42、ement and maintenance of database activities. Usually only a minimum level of security and integrity control, because at this time the focus is as soon as possible to produce a prototype version can be used. But document management project also deferred to the final, only be used in the delivery of

43、user training. Finally, once constructed an acceptable prototype, developers, and users will be the final decision of whether to prototype delivery and the use of the database. If the system (including database) efficiency is very low, then the system and database will be re-programming and re-organ

44、ization in order to achieve the desired performance. Along with visual programming tools (such as Visual Basic, Java, Visual C + + and fourth generation language) increasingly popular use of visual programming tools can easily change the user interface with the system, the prototype is becoming the

45、choice of system development methodology. Customers using the prototype method statements and show changes to the content and layout is quite easy. In the process, the new database needs were identified, so it is the development of the use of the existing database should be amended. There is even th

46、e possibility of a need for a new database system prototype method, in such circumstances, when the system demand in the iterative process of development in the ever-changing needs access to sample data, the construction or reconstruction of the database prototype.附件1：外文资料翻译数据库开发过程 基于信息工程的信息系统规划是数据库

47、开发项目的一个来源。这些开发新数据库的项目通常是为了满足组织的战略需求，例如改善客户支持、提高产品和库存管理或进行更精确的销售预测。然而许多数据库开发项目更多的是以自底向上的方式出现的，例如信息系统的用户需要特定的信息来完成他们的工作，从而请求开始一个项目，又如其他信息系统的专家发现组织需要改进数据管理而开始新的项目。即使在自底向上的情况下，建立企业数据模型也是必须的，以便理解现有的数据库是否可以提供所需的数据，否则，新的数据库、数据实体和属性都应该加到当前的组织数据资源中去。 无论是战略需求还是操作信息的需求，每个数据库开发项目通常集中在一个数据库上。一些数据库项目仅仅集中在定义、设计和实现

48、一个数据库，以作为后续信息系统开发的基础。然而在大多数情况下，数据库及其相关信息处理功能是作为一个完整的信息系统开发项目的一部分而被开发的。一. 系统开发生命周期 指导管理信息系统开发项目的传统过程是系统开发生命周期(SDLC)。系统开发生命周期是指一个组织中由数据库设计人员和程序员组成的信息系统专家小组详细说明、开发、维护和替换信息系统的全部步骤。这个过程比作瀑布是因为每一步都流到相邻的下一步，即信息系统的规格说明是一块一块地开发出来的，每一块的输出是下一块的输入。然而如图所示，这些步骤并不是纯线性的，每个步骤在时间上有所重叠（因此可以并行地管理步骤），而且当需要重新考虑先前的决策时，还可以回滚到前面某些步骤。（因而水可以在瀑布中倒流！）系统开发生命周期的每一阶段都包括与数据库开发相关的活动，所以，数据库管理的问题遍布整个系统开发过程。请注意，系统开发生命周期的阶段和数据库开发步骤之间不存在一一对应的关系，概念数据建模发生在两个系统开发生命周期阶段之间。1.1 企业建模 数据库开发过程从企业建模（系统开发生命周期中项目论证和选择阶段的一部分）开始，设定组织数据库的范围和一般内容。企业建模发生在信息系统规划和其他活动期间，这些活动确定信息系统的哪个部分需要改变和加