初三英语语法汇总(共86页).doc
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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上初三英语语法单词汇总ago与before的用法区别区别1 两者均表示“以前”,但ago以现在为基准,即指“现在以前”,因此常与一般过去时连用;而before以过去某一时间为基准,指“在那时以前”,因此常与过去完成时连用(且多用于宾语从句中)。如:He left two years ago. 他是两年前离开的。She said he had left two year before. 她说他是两年前离开的。区别2 before也可泛指“以前”,不与具体时间连用。此时可用于现在完成时或一般过去时。如:I have read the book before. 我以前读过这本
2、书。He didnt know that before. 他以前不知道此事。有关age 的几条用法说明说明1. 有关“年龄”(age)的常见表达:How old is he? / Whats his age?他多大年纪?He is ten (years old). / He is ten years of age. 他岁。I have a son (of) your age. / I have a son the same age as you. 我有一个像你这样年纪的儿子。Their ages are 4、7 and 9. 你们的年龄是岁、岁和岁。说明2. 表示“在年龄时”,英语常用“at
3、the age of 数字”(有时也省略为“at age数字”,或改用 when 从句)。如:He joined the army at the age of eighteen. He joined the army at age eighteen. He joined the army when he was eighteen (years old). 他18岁时参了军说明3. “他年纪 / 老”不能直择为:His age is young / old. 可译为:He is young / old 短语after all用法说明1. 表示“尽管怎样,但还是”,可译为“终究”、“毕竟”(通常放
4、在句末)。如:I was right after all. 毕竟是我对。He tried for an hour and failed after all. 他试了一个钟头,终究还是失败了。2. 表示“别忘了”(通常放在句首)。如:I know he hasnt finished the work but, after all, hes very busy. 我知道他还没做完工作,但别忘了他很忙。注:不要将 after all 理解为“最后”、“终于”,而与finally 或at last 混淆。almost 与 nearly的用法异同一、相同之处两者均可表示“几乎”“差不多”,均可修饰不定代
5、词、形容词、副词、动词、介词短语等,此时两者常可换用。如:Its almost nearly impossible. 那几乎是不可能的。(修饰形容词)He almost nearly always arrives late. 他差不多总是迟到。(修饰副词)He fell and almost nearly broke his leg. 他摔了一跤,险些摔断了腿。(修饰动词)Almost Nearly all the students passed the exam. 差不多所有的学生都通过了考试。(修饰不定代词)注意:修饰动词时,通常应放在行为动词之前,特殊动词之后(见上例);修饰形容词、副词
6、、名词等时,通常应将其放在被修饰词语之前,否则会造成错误。如:他工作了几乎一整天。正:He worked almost all day.误:He almost worked all day.我们当中几乎每一个人都读过这本书。正:Almost every one of us read the book.误:Every one of us almost read the book.二、不同之处1. almost 可用于 any 以及 no, none, nobody, nothing, never 等否定词之前,但 nearly 一般不这样用。如:Almost any man can do it.
7、 几乎任何人都会做。Almost no one came to the party. 几乎没有人来参加晚会。I almost never see her. 我几乎从未见过她。但是,两者都可用在否定动词之前。如:()He almost nearly didnt catch the bus. 他差点没赶上公共汽车。2. nearly 前可用 very, pretty, not 等词修饰,但 almost 之前不能用这些词。如: Its not nearly so difficult as you think. 这远不像你想象的那么难。The car is pretty nearly new. 这汽
8、车几乎是全新的。注:not nearly 意为“远非”,very pretty nearly 意为“几乎”,都是习语。3. 有时 almost 可表示十分相似(但又不完全相同),此时不用 nearly。如:I almost wish Id stayed at home. 我真有点后悔没在家里呆着。Our cat understands everything hes almost human. 我们这只猫什么都懂快通人性了。含有add的四个有用短语1. add in 包括。如:Dont forget to add me in. 别忘了把我也算上。Would you add in these it
9、ems, please? 请你把这些条款包括进去好吗? 2. add to 增加。如:This adds to our difficulties. 这增加了我们的困难。It adds to my pleasure to see you here today. 今天在这里见到你我格外高兴。3. add up(1) 加起来。如:You havent added the figures up right. 这些数字你没有加对。(2) 有意义,有道理(主要用于口语中,且主要用于否定句)。如:His excuse just doesnt add up. 他的借口完全站不住脚。What he said d
10、oesnt add up. 他说的话自相矛盾。4. add up to(1) 加起来等于,总计。如:The figures add up to 500. 这些数字加起来等于500。The costs added up to 1000 dollars. 费用总计为1000美元。(2) 总起来看说明了。如:()Your long answer just adds up to a refusal. 你的冗长回答简直等于拒绝。The evidence all adds up to a case of murder. 所有证据都说明这是一起谋杀案含有act的几个重要短语1. act as (临时)担任,
11、充当,起的作用。如:A trained dog can act as a guide to a blind person. 经过训练的狗可以担任盲人的向导。表示担任独一无二的职务,其前通常不用冠词。如:He acted as manager in my absence. 我不在时他担任经理。I dont understand their language; youll have to act asinterpreter. 我不懂他们的语言,你得当翻译了。2. act for 代理(某人职务),代为(处理某事)。如:Please act for me during my absence. 我不在
12、时请代理我处理事务。I acted for our captain while he was in hospital. 我们队长住院时由我代理他。3. act out (用手势和语言)表演出来。如:Lets act out the story of the three bears once more. 让我们再把这三只熊的故事表演一次吧。4. act on (upon) 对起作用,对有效。如:The drug acts on the stomach. 这药对胃有效。Alcohol acts on the nervous system. 酒精对人的神经系统有影响。5. in the act (o
13、f) 当场,正在动作时。如:He was in the very act of starting. 他正准备动身。He was caught in the act (of reading my private letters). 他(在读我的私信时)被当场抓住angry的用法1. 表示“对某人生气”,一般用介词with,有时也用at. He got angry with (或at) me. 他对我生气了。注:有人认为用with表示心中感到生气,而用at则表示怒气流露于外表。但总的说来还是用with的场合较多。2. 表示“对某事生气”,一般用介词about 或at。如:She was very
14、angry at what he said. 她对他说的话很生气。I was angry about missing the film. 没看上那部电影我很所恼。注:有人认为:at之后接某人之言行,about之后接某事,但种区别并不十分严格,两者常可混用。有关ago的几点用法说明1. ago在表示时间的“以前”这个意义时,应注意:(1) 只能与时间段状语连用,不能与时间点状语连用。(2) 只能放在时间名词之后,而不能置于其前。(3) 只能与过去时连用,不能与完成时连用。I met him three years ago. 我年前见过他。注:若句中有助动词,有时也可用于完成时态。如;This w
15、ould have been a couple of months ago. 这可能是几个月以前。2. 在“It was时间段ago”之后用that或when引导从句均可(构成强调句),但不能用since(若则since要去掉ago,并改was为is)。如:He died twenty years ago. It was twenty years ago that (或when) he died. It is twenty years since he died. 他是20年前死的。after与behind用法小区别after 表示顺序的先后,behind 表示位置的前后。试比较:run be
16、hind sb. 在某人后面跑run after sb. 跑在某人之后(含有追上之意)Shut the door behind you. 关上你后面的门。Shut the door after you. 出入请随手关门。注:口语中的客套话“先生、你先请”,右说成After you, 但不能说Behind you. accept与receive的用法区别1. receive 指“收到”、“接到”。表示一种被动的行为;而accept 指“接受”,表示的是一种主动的行为,并伴随有一种满意或允诺的意味。试体会:He received the present, but he didnt accept i
17、t. 他收到了礼物,但没有接受。2. 两者之后均可接名词或代词作宾语,但不可接不定式。如:He asked her to marry him and she accepted him. 他向她求婚,她同意了。但:不可说she accepted to marry him. 3. 表示“接见”、“接待”时,应用receive,不用accept . She was warmly received. 她受到热情接待。4. 表示“从收到接爱”时,两者之后均可接from。He received / accepted an invitation from his friend. 他收到 / 接受朋友的邀请。
18、besides, except, but的用法区别1. 基本区别三者均可表示“除了”,但 besides 表示一种累加关系,意指“除了什么之外,还有”;而 except 或 but 则表示一种排除关系,意指“除了什么之外,不再有”:Mary knows Japanese besides French. 除法语外,玛丽还懂日语。She eats everything except but fish. 她什么都吃,但不包括鱼。但是,在否定句中,besides 也表示“除外不再有 ”,与but, except 同义:No one writes to me besides except you. 除你
19、之外,没有人给我写信。2. 关于 but 与 except两者都可表示“除外不再有”,但含义上略有差别:but侧重指意义的几乎完整性,而 except 则侧重指后面除去的部分():All are here but one. 除一个人外大家都到了。All are here except one. 还有一个人没到。3. but用法的限制在现代英语中,but 的介词用法十分有限,通常用于no, no one, nobody, nothing, any, anyone, anything, every, everyone, everything, all, none, who, what等词语后: N
20、obody knew her name but me. 除我之外,没人知道她的名字。I have told this to no one but you. 除你之外,这事我没告诉任何人。Who but a fool would do such a thing? 除了傻子谁会干那种事?You can come any day but Friday. 除了星期五之外,你哪天来都行。He eats nothing but fruit. 他除了吃水果外,其他的什么都不吃。但是except 却没有以上限制,如下面一句可用except,但不能用but:The window is never opened
21、except in summer. 除夏天外,这扇窗户从不打开。used to 与 be used to1 be used to 意为“习惯于”,其中的 to 是介词,所以其后要接名词或动名词(不能接动词原形);若要强调从不习惯到习惯的过程,可用 get, become 等代替动词 be。如:He is used to looking after himself. 他已习惯于自己照顾自己。Im sure Ill get used to the hard work. 我相信我会习惯这艰苦工作的。注:be used to 有时可能是动词 use 的被动语态结构 (此时意为“被用来”,其中的 to
22、为不定式符号,其后要接动词原形)。如:A hammer is used to drive in nails. 锤子是用来钉钉子的。2. used to 意为“过去经常”,其中的 to 是不定式符号,而不是介词,所以其后只接动词原形(不能接动名词)。如:He used to live in Paris. 他过去一直住在巴黎。注:used to 通常不能与表示具体次数(如 twice, three times 等)或一段时间(如 three months, five years 等)的词或短语连用,但是它却可以与 always, often 等表示经常性意义的副词连用。如:正:I went to
23、Paris three times. 我去过巴黎 3 次。误:I used to go to Paris three times.正:I lived in the country for three years. 我在乡下住过 3 年。误:I used to live in the country for three years.正:I always used used always to be afraid of dogs. 我过去总是怕狗。used to 构成否定式和疑问式时通常有两种方式:即借助助动词did 或直接将 used 用作助动词。如:He usednt didnt use to
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