外刊中学地道写作表达--高三英语写作素材.docx

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1、高中英语写作素材-外刊中学地道写作表达1. leave much to be desired 不好Later this year, the worlds first malaria vaccine is scheduled for a roll-out. Although the current version leaves much to be desired, better alternatives may be on the way.今年晚些时候，世界上第一个疟疾疫苗计划推出。尽管目前的版本还有很多不足之处，但更好的替代品可能正在研发中。leave much to be desired表

2、示还有很多不足之处，是一种委婉地表示事物很差劲的方式。其中much也可以改为a lot或a great deal。其中，much是作代词，表示大量的某物。在不同语境中，可以指代不同事物，比如下面这句话：Much needs to be done to mitigate the impact of global warming.(要减轻全球变暖的影响，还有很多要做的)，这里的much就是表示很多措施。a lot和a great deal与此同理。在leave much to be desired中，much可以理解为很多方面。to be desired作补语。to.在这里表示有待实现的动作，de

3、sire作动词：想要；期望。即：还有很多人们期望的方面(还未实现)，much就相当于desire这个动作的宾语。这个表达经常用在让步转折中。接下来造个句：Driverless vehicles may be an effective remedy for traffic congestion, but they still leave much to be desired.无人驾驶汽车也许能快速解决交通拥堵问题，但是目前仍然有很多不足之处。2. counterpartAs communication gets cheaper and transport gets faster, develop

4、ing countries have closed the gap with their rich-world counterparts.随着通讯越来越便宜，交通越来越快，发展中国家已经缩小了与发达国家之间的差距。这句话中的close the gap(缩小差距)属于常用搭配，建议记下来。也可以写成bridge/narrow the gap。【反义词】widen the gap(增大差距)。counterpart表示职位/作用相当的人；对应的事物。比如先提到英国首相British Prime Minister Boris Johnson，那么接下来表示德国总理，就经常会写成his German

5、counterpart。除了表示身份相当的人，也可表示不同种类的相似事物。比如上面的their rich-world counterparts=their counterparts in the rich world(富裕国家)=rich/developed countries。由于表示的是相对的意思，因此counterpart前面一般会加上代词his/her/their/its等，类似于peer(同龄人)。同时，在counterpart前面加上形容词，来表示具体的事物类别，即代词+adj+counterpart(s)。比如：online stores-their physical count

6、erparts(实体店)cash-its digital counterpart(电子货币)mail-its modern counterpart(电子信件)在对男性和女性进行对比时，也可以用到counterpart，即women-their male counterparts或men-their female counterparts。如：In China, women sometimes face more barriers to employment and career progression than their male counterparts, for several reas

7、ons.在我国，女性有时会比男性面临更多的就业和职业发展障碍，原因有好几个。3. be not without (its/their) problemsMore than 70% of college students and 50% of workers are looking for jobs with social impact. Even so, the sudden demand for such jobs is not without its problems.如今，超过70%的大学生和50%的工作者在寻找具有社会影响的工作。即便如此，对这类工作的突然需求并不是没有问题。be no

8、t without its problems就是字面意思：并不是没有问题。problems也可以换成其他类似的词，如risks/flaws/drawbacks/costs。not without这个双重否定起到了加强语气的作用。without后面的代词its/their可加可不加：be not without problems/risks/drawbacks/costs。这个句型经常与上文构成转折。在进行利弊之间的衔接时，就可以用到。可以在这个句型前面加上However,/But/Yet/等词表示转折。如：Online shopping does offer tremendous conven

9、ience, but/yet it is not without its drawbacks.网购确实提供了巨大的便利，但是网购并不是没有其缺点。注意，不能将这句中的but/yet改为however。因为however是副词，不能连接前后两句话：Online shopping does offer tremendous convenience, however, it is not without its drawbacks.(X)Online shopping does offer tremendous convenience. However, it is not without its

10、drawbacks.()Online shopping does offer tremendous convenience. It is not without its drawbacks, however.()【母语人士有时会将however放在句末】3. shine a spotlight on使注意到The pandemic shines a spotlight on Pakistans digitally disadvantaged.此次疫情使人们注意到了巴基斯坦不擅长使用电子产品的弱势群体。文本解读：Pakistans digitally disadvantaged来源于the di

11、sadvantaged弱势群体，一般是指穷人(=the poor)。其中disadvantaged是个形容词，被digitally修饰，指不擅长使用电子产品的弱势群体，比如老人。再将限定词the改为Pakistans，就变成了Pakistans digitally disadvantaged。shine a spotlight on表示使人们关注到(to focus on or bring attention to someone or something)。如：The recent plane crash should shine a spotlight on how to imrpove

12、aviation safety.最近的飞机失事事件应该会使相关部门关注到如何提高航空安全。其中spotlight本义为聚光灯，衍生义为媒体和公众的注意。还有两个常用短语：in/under the spotlight受到人们的关注During the pandemic, online education has once again been under the spotlight.在疫情期间，在线教育再次受到公众的关注。put the spotlight on将关注点放在.上Media reports always put the spotlight on topics most likely

13、 to arouse viewers interest and resonance.媒体报道总是将关注点放在很有可能引起读者兴趣和共鸣的话题上。4. It is true that.It is true that the hard evidence for a positive impact of such R&D spending on overall growth is fairly weak. But few doubt that the return is, in practice, significant.的确，关于这种研发支出对整体增长产生的积极影响的确凿证据相当少。但几乎没有人怀

14、疑，这种回报实际上意义重大。It is true that.这个句型很多同学都见过，但是用对的不多。从字面意思看，这个句型表示一件客观事实或正确的说法。比如It is true that heavy smoking can damage health.吸烟过量确实有害健康。这句话的语法没有问题。但是，在这层字面意思下，通常还包含一层逻辑关系：it is true that.后面的信息属于让步，类似于although后面的信息。换句话说，It is true that.结束之后，一般要出现转折，引出更加重要的信息，通常是和主旨相符的信息。在原文中，evidence is fairly weak就

15、是与few doubt.构成了转折。如果只有单独的一句客观事实/正确说法，而没有后面的转折信息，则没有必要为了凑字数而加上It is true that.。再如：It is true that private cars offer great convenience to our daily life, but the carbon dioxide they emit contribute to some extent to global warming.不可否认，私家车给我们的生活带来了很大的便利，但是私家车排放的二氧化碳却在一定程度上造成了全球变暖。再比如短语in fact/in real

16、ity，表面意思是引出客观事实，但实际上经常包含一层转折关系，与上文的理论情况进行对比。因此很少单独使用。比如外刊中一句话：In the popular imagination, sand is synonymous with limitlessness. In reality it is a scarce commodity, for which builders are now scrabbling.在大众看来，沙子是“无限”的同义词。但事实上，沙子是一种稀缺商品，建筑商们现在正为之绞尽脑汁。5. turn something upside down 使事物发生巨大变化The intern

17、et has turned the news industry upside down, making it more participatory, social and diverse.互联网使新闻业发生了翻天覆地的变化，使其更具参与性、社会性和多样性。turn something upside down表示使.发生天翻地覆的变化。其中upside down是个副词成分，表示颠倒。这个短语一般用于中性或贬义的语境。如：The last two years have seen our society turned upside down, with great changes in peopl

18、es lifestyles and how companies operate.过去两句，社会发生的翻天覆地的变化。人们的生活方式和公司的运行方式随之发生了巨大改变。【see sth done】从外刊这句话中，可以提取出一个写作句型：A turn B upside down, making it/them more+adj A使B发生了翻天覆地的变化，使其更加.。如：Artificial intelligence will possibly turn peoples everyday life upside down, making it more convenient but unsafer

19、 at the same time.人工智能可能将使人们的日常生活发生很大的变化，使生活变得更加方便但同时也更不安全。在写作中表示使事物发生巨大变化，还可以用动词revolutionize/transform。这两个词一般是用于偏褒义的语境。如：The internet has revolutionized/transformed the way people shop and pay. 6. Sth are twofold 两方面In the age of Google Scholar, the librarys primary advantages are twofold. First,

20、it is quiet. Second, stationed there are librarians who are generally willing to point you to databases you might not have known you could access.在谷歌学术搜索的时代，图书馆有两个主要优势。首先，图书馆很安静。其次，那里的图书管理员通常愿意向您指出您可能本不知道可以访问的数据库。句子分析：第句是个倒装句，stationed是谓语动词，原语序：librarians who.access are stationed there. station(将某人安

21、置在某处)在这里是被动语态。twofold表示两方面的。一般作表语，即Sth are twofold。相比于They have two concerns.来说，Their concerns are twofold.更加地道。从这段中可以提取一个实用的句型，用于引导两个分论点：Sth are two fold. The first is/First(ly),.The other is/Second(ly),.比如沉迷网络的影响：The negative effects of compulsive surfing are twofold. Firstly, addiction to the int

22、ernet is likely to cause long-run health risks because of unlimited exposure to the screen. The other problem is that it may alienate users, particularly teenagers, from their family and friends in real life.twofold作表语时，主语也可以是单数，即Sth is twofold。此时是将主语视为一个整体，包括两部分。比如经济学人中的这句话：The purpose of a dam is

23、twofold: to house the turbines that create the electricity and to provide sufficient water pressure to drive them efficiently.水坝的目的包括两方面：一是容纳发电的涡轮机，二是提供足够的水压以有效地驱动涡轮机。7. growingAcross the world there are growing concerns about school bullying, and the effects on the children.在世界范围内，越来越多的人们担心孩子遭受校园暴力

24、，以及校园暴力对孩子的影响。growing表示增长的，用于修饰名词。不能单独作为表语(作为表语的growing是动名词)。在写作中可以使用growing来修饰表示主观情感的词，如：concern/worry/acceptance/awareness/sense。这个表达用来引出最近的社会趋势，可以搭配there be句型：【例句】There is a growing awareness of the harm of excessive schoolwork to children.人们越来越意识到学校作业过多对孩子的危害了。There is a growing trend among teen

25、agers towards playing mobile games.越来越多的青少年开始玩手机游戏。【growing trend逐渐增长的趋势】在写作中还可以使用growing/increasing(ly)来替换more and more：A growing/increasing number of(=more and more) households are buying a private car.越来越多的家庭买私家车。 It has become increasingly(=more and more) difficult for college graduates to land a job.大学毕业生找工作越来越难了。4学科网（北京）股份有限公司