高考英语：主谓一致(共6页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上主谓一致主谓一致考查的重点：三条原则：语法一致，意义一致和就近一致。语法一致原则：主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。意义一致原则：主语形式为单数而意义上是复数，谓语动词用复数。 主语形式为复数而意义上是单数，谓语动词用单数。就近一致原则：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。解题方法：分析句子，找准句子主语，判断句子主语究竟是单数还是复数。（一）语法一致原则1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：His father is w

2、orking on the farm. To study English well is not easy. What he said is very important for us all. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.The children were in the classroom two hours ago. 注意：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如： What I bought were three English

3、books. What I say and do are helpful to you.2、由连接词and或both and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。如：She and I are classmates. The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. Both she and he are Young Pioneers.注意：若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。 如：The writer and artist has come. The writer and

4、 the artist have come.3、主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有as well as,with, together with, along with,rather than,except, besides,but, like, unlike, including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。如：Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. She, like yo

5、u and Tom, is very tall. many a / each / every either / neither more than one+单数名词-谓语单数4、如：Many a student has seen the film. Neither story is true.Either is correct. More than one student has seen the film.注意：当each放在主语后作同位语时，谓语动词用复数如：They each have a dictionary.=Each of them has a dictionary. each n

6、either either+of + the+复数名词或代词-谓语单数 Each of the footballers _ over 150 pounds. A. weigh B. weighs C. weights D. were everyeachno many a every each no many a +名词单数 作主语 -谓语单数+名词单数and+(08陕西15) Did you go to the show last night? Yeah.Every boy and each girl in the area_invited. A.were B.have been C.has

7、been D.was5、由some, any, no, every+ onethingbody 作主语，谓语动词用单数 Nothing but one desk and six chairs _ in the room. A. are B. is stayed C. is D. has 6、在定语从句时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。 注意：在“one of+复数名词+who/that/which”引导的从句结构中，关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one，因此，从中的动词应该是复数形式.但是当one之前有thethe only等修饰语时，关系代词的先

8、行词是one，而不是靠近它的复数名词，因此从句的动词应是单数形式。如：He is one of my friends who are working hard. He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.7、由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of ,the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如：There are a lot of people in the classroom. Th

9、e rest of the lecture is wonderful. 50% of the students in our class are girls.注意：1) a number of“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数； the number of“的数量”，主语是number，谓语用单数。 2) a（great,large,good）quantity of(许多) 名词复数作主语时，谓语用复数。 a（great,large,good）quantity of (许多)不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。 quantities of 名词作主语时，不论名词是复数还是不可数，谓语一律用复

10、数。 the quantity of +名词作主语时，不论名词是复数还是不可数，谓语一律用单数。 如： A great quantity of water has been polluted. A large quantity of apples have rotted on the trees. Quantities of food were on the table. The quantity of books in the library is amazing. 3) an (great,good)amount of 不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。 amounts of 不可数名词作主

11、语时，谓语用复数。 The amount of 不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。 Large amount s of money were spent on the bridge. A great amount of money was spent on the bridge.8、在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：There comes the bus. On the wall are many pictures. Such is the result. Such are the facts.（二）逻辑意义一致原则：1、如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体

12、的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family, class, crowd, committee, audience等。如：Class Four is on the third floor. Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor. 注意：people, police, cattle等名词一般都用作复数。 如：The police are looking for the lost child.2、 单复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。这类词包括：deer, sheep, fish, crossroads, mean

13、s, headquarters, series, species.如：A sheep is over there.Some sheep are over there.A crossroads is a place where roads cross.There are several crossroads here.3、表示“时间、距离、金钱、长度、重量”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式， 这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体。如：Thirty minutes is enough for the work. 4、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词

14、通常用单数形式。如： “The Arabian Nights”is an interesting story-book.5、表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词只能用单数形式。如：One and a half apples is left on the table. One and a half months has passed.6、算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。如：Twelve plus eight is twenty. Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.7、一些学科名词是以

15、ics 结尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：The paper works was built in 1990. I think physics isnt easy to study.8、trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a (the) pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：My glasses are broken. The pair of shoes

16、 under the bed is his.9、“定冠词the + 形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。When the injured_to the hospital，they came to_.Awas rushed; life Bwere rushed; lifeCrushed; lives Dwere rushed; lives（三）就近一致原则：1、当两个主语由or ,either or, neither nor, whether or , not only but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。如：Either the teacher or the studen

17、ts are our friends. Neither they nor he is wholly right. Is neither he nor they wholly right?2、 there be句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。如：There are two chairs and a desk in the room.注意：Here引导的句子用法同上。 练习：主谓一致1.(2012陕西）The basketball coach,as well as his team;_interviewed shortly aft

18、er match forTheir outstanding performance. A.were B.was C.is D.are2.(2012湖南）All the scientific evidence_that increasing use of chemicals in farming_damaging our health. A.show,are B.shows;are C.show;is D.shows;is3.(2011安徽)The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _ saved fo

19、r other purposes.A. is B. are C. was D were 4.(2011湖南)One third of the country _covered with trees and the majority of the citizens_black people. A is ; are B. is; is C. are; are D. are; is5.10全国Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _ evening dress.A.wear B.wears C.has w

20、orn D.have worn6.10湖南Listening to loud music at rock concerts _caused hearing loss in some teenagers.A. is B. are C. has D. have7.09山东The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _ rising steadily since1990. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been 8.09四川The teacher together with the s

21、tudents _ discussing Reading Skills that _ newly published in America. A. are; were B. is; were C. are; was D. is; was 9.09湖南Either you or one of your students _ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.A. are B. is C. have D. be10.09陕西Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, _visit Beijin

22、g this summer.A. is going to B. are going to C. was going to D. were going to11.07江西A survey of the opinions of experts_that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _good for ones health.A.show; are B.shows; is C.show; is D.shows; are12.07陕西As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the building

23、s in the area_.A.need repairingB.needs to repairC.needs repairingD.need to repair13.So far a series of problems_brought about by this decision.A.have B.has C.has been D.have been14.The students in our class each_an English dictionary and each of them_for it.A.has; has paid B.has; have paid C.have; has paid D.have; have paid 15.All the sheep_over there at that time.A.is B.are C.was D.were专心-专注-专业