英语语法动词的语态含答案(共5页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Lecture Ten理科班英语语法篇（十） 动词的语态动词的语态-表示谓语与主语之间的关系的动词形式叫做语态，分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者一、被动语态结构:1. 行为动词的被动语态: 助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词. be有人称.时态.数的变化,其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样. 常见几种时态的被动结构： 一般现在时 am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词 一般过去时 was/were +及物动词的过去分词一般将来时 will +be +及物动词的过去分词 现在完成时 have/has+been+及

2、物动词的过去分词 现在进行时 am/is/are+being +及物动词的过去分词 情态动词的被动语态: 情态动词 + be +及物动词的过去分词 2. 否定式:是在助动词 be 或情态动词后加not构成疑问式:是把上述助动词或情态动词提到主语之前,句尾加问号构成. 二、被动语态的用法:1.不知道动作的执行者是谁,或没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者. eg. The window was broken yesterday. Is English taught in your school? 2.强调或突出动作的承受者,此时如想同时指出动作的执行者,可用“by +动作执行者(宾格)来表示. e

3、g.The red dress was made by her mother. The letter must be written by me. 三、注意点： 1.只有及物动词能构成被动语态, 不及物动词不能构成被动语态. 2.某些不及物动词与介词.副词搭配构成短语动词,带有宾语时,则有了动作的承受者,这时应把它们看作一个整体,变为被动语态,不能丢掉其中的介词,常用的有look after, take care of, cut down, laugh at, talk about, turn on等 eg.Catherine always takes care of the little g

4、irl.The little girl is always taken care of by Carherine. 3.有些动词短语本身即是被动语态的形式, 不要再加by 短语,常用的有 be covered with be surprised at be interested in be worried about be made of/from be known to 4.某些动词形式是主动语态,但含有被动的意思. eg. This dictionary sells well. This kind of car drives fast. The woolen sweater costs $

5、 88. 5.主动语态与被动语态的相互变化关系 主动句: 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语(动作执行者) (动作承受者)被动句: 主语 +谓语动词的被动形式+ by + 动作执行者 (动作承受者) 6.主动语态中有些动词如:make,see,listen, watch,feel后常跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,变为被动语态要带上to He made the boy work for him. The boy was made to work for him. 7.主动语态中若有双宾语,变为被动语态时, 通常把指人的间接宾语变为被动语态的主语. His uncle gave him a dicti

6、onary yesterday.He was given a dictionary by his uncle yesterday. 基础练习: 把下列句子变为被动句: 1.They asked me to come a little later. I _ _ to come a little later. 2.Women often talk about food and clothes. Food and clothes _ often _ about by women. 3.Do they make this kind of truck in Nanjing? _this kind of

7、truck _ in Nanjing? 4.We must clean our teeth twice a day. Our teeth must _ _ twice a day. 5.Can I answer this question in simple English? _this question _ _ in simple English? 6.You may clean the room after work. The room may _ _ after work. 7.We use brooms for sweeping the floor. Brooms_ _for swee

8、ping the floor. 8. They built quite a few tall buildings in their hometown last year. Quite a few tall buildings _ _ in their hometown last year. 9. You must not put the bike there. The bike _ _ _there. 10. Can you see the stars in the daytime? Can the stars _ _in the daytime? 单项选择1. If city noises

9、_ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at dinnerA are not kept；will have toB are not kept；haveC do not keep；will have toD do not keep；have to2. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are _and perfected now.A. developed B. have developedC. are being developed D. will

10、 have been developed3. - _ the sports meet might be put off- Yes，it all depends on the weatherA Ive been toldB Ive toldC Im told D I told4. I need one more stamp before my collection _.A. has completed B. completesC. has been completedD. is completed5. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that t

11、hey will disappear from the earth in the near future.A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut6. The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month.A. has been designedB. had been designedC. was designed D. would be designed7. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it

12、 _.A. breaks B. has broken C. was broken D. had been broken8. Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _.A. have been taken place; have been set upB. have taken place; have been set upC. have taken place; have set up D. were taken place; were set up9. That suit _ over 60 dollars.A. had co

13、sted B. costed C. is costed D. cost10. Look! Everything here is under construction.- Whats the pretty small house that _ for?A. is being built B. has been builtC. is built D. is building11.Do you like the material?Yes, it _ very soft.A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt12. It is difficult for a

14、 foreigner _ ChineseA write B to writeC to be written D written13. I have no more letters _ ，thank youA to type B typing C to be typed D typed14. Take care! Dont drop the ink on your shirt, for it _ easily.A. wont wash out B. wont be washed outC. isnt washed out D. isnt washing out15. Nobody noticed

15、 the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _.A. be put up B. give inC. be turned on D. go out16. The computers on the table _ Professor Smith.A. belongs B. are belonged toC. belongs to D. belong to17. What do you think of the book?Oh, excellent. Its worth _ a second time.A. to rea

16、d B. to be read C. reading D. being read18. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. A. catching B. to be caughtC. being caught D. to catch19. This page needed _ again.A. being checked B. checkedC. to check D. to be checked20. _ many times, the boy still didnt know how to do the exercisesA. Hav

17、ing taught B. Having been taughtC. taught D. Teaching提高练习1. The maths problem can be_.A. easy worked out B. easy to be worked out C. easily worked out D. easily to work out2. Every possible means_, but none proves successful.A. has been tried B. tried C. is being tried D. has tried3. The girl is to_

18、 a rich man.A. marry with B. be married C. marry to D. be married to4. He received a telegram that _ “Mother sick”.A. wrote B. says C. reads D. read5. Who can you imagine _ to his wedding party?A. inviting B. being invited C. was invited D. to be invited6. I_ten minutes to decide whether I should re

19、ject the offer.(NMET)A. gave B. was given C. was giving D. had given7.Will somebody go and get Dr.White?Hes already been_.(NMET)A. asked for B. sent for C. called for D. looked for8. A conductor _ to keep us in time in the singing yesterday.A. needs B. is needing C. was needed D. has been needed9. W

20、hen and where to build the new factory _ yet.A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided10. Ways_to stop pollution by now. A. must find B. will be found C. are found D. have been found11. I dont want anything _ about it. A. to say B. said C. saying D. having said12. _

21、that the sports meet might be put off.Yes,it all depends on the weather. A. I have been toldB. Ive told C. Im told D. I was told13. A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift. (NMET) A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered14. Betty has never been heard _ill of o

22、thers. A. speak B. spoken C. to speak D. was said15. Tom _ to have delivered the speech in their theatre room.A. said B. says C. is said D. was said16. What do you think of the book? Oh, excellent. It s worth _ a second time.A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read 17. Little Jim should lov

23、e _ to the theatre this evening. (NMET) A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking.18. _more attention, the trees could have grown better. (NMET) A. Given B. to give C. Giving D. Having given19. where _ the book? I cant see it anywhere. I _ it right here but now its gone. A. did you put; hav

24、e put B. have you put; put C. had you put; was putting D. were you putting; have put20. He would not fail so long as he _ hard the next term. A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. studiesLecture Ten理科班英语语法篇（十） 动词的语态动词语态答案：基础练习变为被动句（略）单项选择1-5 ACADC 6-10 BCBDA11-15 CBCAD 16-20 DCCDB提高练习参考答案： 15 C A D D C 610B B C A D 1115B A A C C 1620C A A B A专心-专注-专业