英语语法之比较级与最高级(共7页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上英语中大多数形容词是可以分级的，一般有三个等级：原级，比较级和最高级。原级形容词的本来形式就是形容词的原级。用原级进行比较时可以使用下面两种结构：1.表示比较的双方相等，用”asas”结构，表示“前者像后者一样”，即A + be + as + 形容词原级 + as + B.e.g.John is as tall as his brother.2.表示比较的双方不相等，用”not asas”结构，表示“前者不如后者”，即 A + be + not as + 形容词原级 + as + B.e.g.John is not as tall as his brother.比较级

2、当把一个人或物同另外一个人或物比较时，就需要用到形容词比较级。其结构是： A + be + 形容词比较级 + than + B.e.g.Jackei is taller than Alex, but Alex is heavier than Jackei最高级三者或者三者以上的人或物进行比较时，需要使用形容词的最高级。其结构是：A + be + the 形容词最高级 + of / in + 比较范围.(Note: 形容词最高级前面要加 定冠词 the)e.g.Jackei is the tallest in our class.orJackei is the tallest of all th

3、e students.形容词不同级别的变化1.规则形容词的变化ID构成方式原级比较级最高级1一般情况，直接加词尾 er 或者 est tallyoungtalleryoungertallestyoungest2以 e 结尾的，加 r 或 stnicelargenicerlargernicestlargest3以辅音字母+y 结尾的，把 y i, 再加 er 或 est happybusyhappierbusierhappiestbusiest4以重读闭音节(辅元辅结构)结尾的，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加 er 或 est .bighotthinbiggerhotterthinnerbiggest

4、hottestthinnest5双音节或多音节的形容词可以在形容词原级前直接加 more / less或most / least 构成形容词的比较级和最高级usefulcarefuldifficultexpensivemore usefulmore carefulmore difficultless expensivemost usefulmost carefulmost difficultleast expensive2.不规则形容词的变化ID原级比较级最高级1goodbetterbest2wellbetterbest3badworseworst4manymoremost5muchmorem

5、ost6littlelessleast7farfarther , furtherfarthest , furthest8fewfewerfewest9oldolder , elderoldest , eldest补充用于不可数名词用于可数名词表示多muchmorethe mostmanymorethe most表示少littlelessthe leastfewfewerthe fewestII. 副词比较级和最高级的形式副词比较级和最高级的变化形式与形容词基本上一样。一、一般副词hardharder hardest fastfaster fastestlatelater latest earl

6、yearlier earliest二、特殊副词well better best much more mostbadly worse worst little less least 三、开放类副词开放类副词即以后缀-ly结尾的副词不能像形容词那样加-er或-est，而应在副词原形前加more或most。如：clearly，slowly，quickly, quietly, safelyquickly more quickly most quickly quietly more quietly most quietly 区别：friendly friendlier friendliest early

7、, earlier, earliestIII. 形容词与副词比较级和最高级的基本用法一、比较级1比较级通常由 “形容词(副词)比较级+than+” 构成，表示在两者中间一方比另一方“更加”。连词than后可接句子，也可接名词、代词、名词短语、介词短语、动词、动词不定式、-ing结构和-ed结构，有时也可省去than。如：Mary is happier than Jane. 玛丽比珍妮幸福。（形容词和系词连用）He lives more happily than I. 他过得比我幸福。（副词修饰行为动词）2注意than前后两项相比较的人或事物要一致。如：The purpose of the re

8、search had a more important meaning for them than it did for us.Sound travels faster through water than through air. 3 比较级前还可用much, even, still, a little等词语来修饰，表示“得多”，“甚至”， “更”，“一些”等意思。如：Japan is a little larger than Germany. 日本比德国大一点儿。用“times + 形容词的比较级 + than”句式表示倍数；用“表示数量的词 + 比较级”来表示具体的比较差别。如：Our

9、room is twice larger than theirs. 我们的房间比他们的大两倍。He is a head taller than I. 他比我高一头。 4隐含比较级1）有时比较级并不一定出现than，这时通过上下文可暗示出。如：Are you feeling better now? 你现在感觉好些了吗？2）有些形容词在表示比较的时候，跟“to”而不用“than”。如：prior to 较早的，较重要的superior to优越，高于inferior to 下等的，次的senior to 年长的，地位高的junior to年幼的，地位低的，迟的preferable to 更好的 T

10、he task is prior to all others. 这项任务比其他所有的任务都重要。In maths he felt superior to John. 他觉得自己数学比约翰强。He is two years senior to me. 他比我大两岁。Health without riches is preferable to riches without health. 贫穷但健康要比富有却多病更可取。5. 表示程度的递增（-er+-er或者more and more +多音节的形容词原级，越来越） When winter comes, the days get colder a

11、nd colder. My hometown is becoming more and more beautiful.表示两种情况同时变化。（the+比较级, the+比较级 越来越） The busier she is, the happier she feels. The less she worried, the better she worked. The more we get together, the happier well be.二、最高级1最高级用于三者以上比较，形容词的结构形式是“定冠词形容词最高级名词表示范围的短语或从句” (如of all, of the three,

12、 in the world, that has ever taken place等)。如：Of all of the writers in England, William Shakespeare is the most widely known. 2副词的最高级与形容词最高级的区别在于最高级前没有定冠词the。如：He runs fastest of the three. 三个人中他跑得最快。3当用介词短语表明形容词最高级的比较范围，作介词宾语的名词或代词与句中的主语属同一类人或物，并把主语包括在内时，用介词of；如不属于同一类人或物，而只说明在某一时间、空间范围内的比较时，用介词in。如：

13、He is the tallest of the four boys. ( He 与boy属同类)He is the tallest in our class. ( He与 class不属同类)4可以用原级，比较级，最高级三种形式来表示最高级的意思。如：She is the best student in her class. She is better than any other student in her class. No other student in her class is better than she. No other student in her class is a

14、s good as she. 区别：friendly friendlier friendliest early, earlier, earliest-同步练习1.What a _ cough！You seem_ill.A.terrible，terriblyB.terribly，terrible C.terrible，terribleD.terribly，terribly2.I feel even_now.A.bad B.well C.worse D.worst 3.She was very happy. She ran_of all the runners.A.fastest B.the qu

15、ickest C.slowest D.quickly4.Keep quiet，please.Its_noisy here.A.many too B.too many C.much too D.too much5.Have you _ spoken to a foreigner？No，_.A.already，never B.ever，never C.yet，already D.ever，ever6.He is taller than_in his class.A.any boy B.any C.any other boy D.some other boys 7.Ill go and visit

16、you _ next week.A.sometime B.sometimes C.some times D.some time8.The car is running_.It seems to be flying.A.more and faster B.more and fast C.fast and fastD.faster and faster9.English is as _ as Chinese.You should learn it well.A.important B.more importantC.the most important D.much more important1

17、0.Music is not so useful as science.Its _ useful than science.A.fewer B.less C more D.a lot11.Weve never heard of_story before.A.such a strange B.such strange C.so a strange D.so strange12.You must wear glasses.They can keep your eyes_.A.soft B.safe C.safely D.safety13.Pass my glasses to me，Jack.I c

18、an_read the words in the newspaper.A.hardly B.really C clearly D.rather14.Three years _，he become a driver.A.late B.later C.lately D.more lately15.He is _ enough to carry the heavy box.A.stronger B.much stronger C.strong D.the strongest16.I bought _ exercise-books with_money.A.a few，a few B.a few，a

19、little C.a little，a few D.a little，a little17.The box is _ heavy for the girl_carry.A.too，to B.to，too C.so，that D.no，to18.Do you have _ to tell us？A.something new B.new something C.anything new D.new anything19.Do you think the fish tastes_？She cooked it_，Ithink.A good，good B well，good C well，well D

20、 good，well20.She played the piano_than we had thought.A.successfulB.successfully C.more successful D.more successfully形容词，副词比较级，最高级练习I。 用适当形式填空： 1.Bob is_ _ ( young ) than Fred but _ (tall) than Fred. 2.Yingtian is not as_(tall) as Yongxian. 3. Almost all.the students faces are the same but Li Demin

21、g looks _ (fat) than before the holidays. 4.Which is _ _(heavy),a hen or a chicken? 5.- How_ (tall) is Sally? -She s 1.55 metres_(tall). Whatabodt Xiaoling? - She s only 1.40 metres _(tall). She is much_(short) than Sally. She is also the _ (short) girl in the class. 6. He is _ (bad) at learning mat

22、hs. He ismuch_ (bad) at Chinese and he is the _(bad) at English. 7. Annie says Sally is the _ (kind) person in the world. 8.He is one of the_(friendly) people in the class, I think. 9. A dictionaryis much _(expensive)than a story-book. 10. An orange ia a little _ (big) than an apple, but much _ (sma

23、ll) than a watermelon. 11. The Changjiang River is the_ (long) river in China. 12. Sue is a little _(beautiful) than her sister. 13.My room is not as_(big) as my brother s. 14.-How difficult is physics? -I m not sure. -Is it _(difficult) than maths? -I don t think so. 15.- Annie plays the piano very

24、 _ (well). - Sue plays it _ (well) than Annie.And Sally plays it the _ (well). 16. Saturdayis my_ (busy) day in a week. 17. Her mother is getting _(fat) and_ (fat). 18. I think it s too expensive. I d like a_ (cheap) one. 19. He comes to school much _ (early)than I. 20.This book is not as _(interest

25、ing) as that one. 21.Your classroomis _(wide) and _(bright) than ours. 22. Practise as_ (much) as you can. 23. The _ (much), the_ (good). 24. Nowadays English is _( important ) than any other subject, 1 think. 25. Most of the students think a lionis much_(dangerous) than a bear and it is the_ (dange

26、rous) animal in the world. II。改错： 1. He is as taller as I am. 2. She is a little thiner than she looks. 3. Bob is heavier than any other boys in theclass. 4.The girls study the better than the boy. 5. It is one ofthe most interesting book than Ihaveever read. 6. He says Mary is mostfriendliest perso

27、n in theclass. 7. Which cityismost beautiful, Beijing or Guangzhou? 8. Jack works hard. Mike worksvery harder than Jack. 9. London is the bigger city in Britain. 10.Bob plays football badly but Fred plays football much badlier than Bob.III。完成句子： 1 她看起来不如玛丽年轻。 She doesnt look _ _ _ Mary. 2.杰克的父亲比母亲大一

28、岁。 Jacks father is _ _ _than her mother. 3.我们的教室比他们的明亮得多。 Our classroom is_ _thantheirs. 4。当心！这条路越来越危险。 Look out! The road is becoming_ and _ _. 5.你喜欢哪种动物，猫还是狗？ Which animal do you like _ , acat or a dog?参考答案：选择题：1-10ACBDB CDDAB11-20ABABC BAADDI. 1. younger,taller 2. tall 3. fatter 4. heavier5. tall

29、, tall, tall, shorter, shortest 6. bad, worse,worst7. kindest 8.friendlier 9. more expensive10. bigger, smaller 11. longer12. more beautiful13. big 14. more difficult 15. well, better, best16. busiest 17. fatter, fatter 18. cheaper 19. earlier20. interesting 21. wider, brighter 22. much23. more, better 24. more important 25. more dangerous, most dangerous III. 1. so/ as young as 2. one year older 3. much brighter 4. more,more dangerous5. better专心-专注-专业