主谓一致(高考复习完整版)(共10页).doc
《主谓一致(高考复习完整版)(共10页).doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《主谓一致(高考复习完整版)(共10页).doc(10页珍藏版)》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。
1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上主谓一致一、概述:主谓一致的三个基本原则是:语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。“语法一致”是指形式上的一致。即:主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词用复数形式。“意义一致”是指有些主语形式上虽为单数,而意义上是复数,谓语动词用复数;同样有些主语形式上虽为复数,而意义上是单数,谓语动词用单数。“就近原则”是指谓语动词的单复数与最靠近它的名词或代词保持一致。二、主谓一致的几种情况:(一)并列结构作主语的情况:1、and连接并列成分作主语的情况:由and或bothand连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词常用复数。如:He and I are teacher
2、s. Both he and I are teachers. and连接的两部分表示同一个人、事物或概念时,谓语动词用单数。常见结构有:a cart and house(一驾马车),a cup and saucer(一套杯碟),a needle and thread(针线),a watch and chain, a coat and tie, truth and honesty, medical help and cure, my house and home(我的家),cause and effect(因果),supply and demand(供求关系),pen and ink(笔墨),w
3、hisky and soda(威士忌和苏打,指一种酒),war and peace(战争与和平),a knife and fork(刀叉),fish and potato chips(鱼和炸土豆条),the bread and butter(面包与黄油),early to bed and early to rise(早睡早起)。如:A knife and fork is on the table.由and连接两个带the(a或物主代词)的单数可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数;如果只有前一个名词带the(a或物主代词)时,谓语动词用单数。如:The teacher and the doctor
4、are Chinese. The teacher and doctor is a Chinese.这位教师兼医生是中国人。and前后均有each,every,no,many a等修饰可数名词单数,构成并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用单数。其中后一个限定词可以省略。如:No sound and (no) voice is heard. Each man and (each) woman is here.Many a teacher and (many a) student has seen the film.由“and连接的前置并列修饰语+不可数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。如:Good and
5、bad meat in the market are sold out.“不可数名词+and连接的后置并列修饰语”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如:Beer from the USA and Germany is much better than that from Britain.由and连接的第二个名词(短语)表示否定或带有状语时,谓语动词与第一个名词保持一致。如:The parents and not the son were missing. The teacher,and perhaps his students too,is likely to be present. what从句的并
6、列式作主语时,并列完整式用复数;并列缩略式用单数。如:What he says and what he thinks have nothing to do with me. What I say and do is my own affair. 注意这两句根据的是意义一致的原则:What he says and does do not agree. 他言行不一致。What he says and does does not concern me. 他的言行与我无关。由and连接的两个疑问代词、不定式或动名词作主语时,根据主语表达的意义,确定谓语动词单复数形式(即意义一致原则)。如:Where
7、and when to build the house is not decided. When to have the meeting and who to hold the meeting are not decided yet. What caused the fire and how much the loss was are still unknown.2、“就近原则”:由并列连词or,nor, not onlybut also,notbut,eitheror,neithernor,whetheror等连接并列成分作主语,以及在there/here be句型中有并列成分作主语时,谓语
8、动词应根据“就近原则”(在疑问句或倒装句中也应该根据“就近原则”确定谓语动词的单复数)。如:Not only he but also I am a teacher. Not only I but also he is a teacher. Is not only he but also I a teacher? One or two friends are coming this evening.3、“就前原则”:当主语后面接with,together/along with(跟一起),as well as(以及),as much as(与一样多),suchas, such as, beside
9、s/except/but(除外),in addition to(除外),including(包括),like(如),rather than(而不是),without(没有),no less than(不少于),more than(多于),combined with(加上),accompanied by(由陪同),no less than等构成的短语修饰时,谓语动词仍与前面的主语保持一致(即“就前原则”)。如:I as well as they am ready to help you. Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the p
10、arty. They except Jim are Chinese. (二)单一成分作主语的情况(一般情况下主语的人称和数决定谓语动词的单复数形式)。1、名词作主语的情况:形复义单的名词。这类名词有news,means(方法),works(工厂),plastics(塑料),politics(政治),mathematics(数学),economics(经济学),mechanics(力学),athletics(运动),electronics(电学),classics(古典文学),linguistics(语言学),statistics(统计学)等作主语时,谓语动词用单数;但当这类学科名词表示“具体的
11、活动,学业,见解,原理,情况”等时,谓语动词用复数。如:Politics is my weak subject. What are his politics?他的政见如何?形复义复的名词。这类名词有glasses,trousers/plants(裤子),shoes,socks,gloves,scissors,clothes,savings(储蓄金),belongings(财产),goods(货物),chopsticks,compasses(圆规)等作主语时,谓语动词用复数;但当这些名词前带上了单位词pair,kind,type,sort,suit,series等时,谓语动词的数应与单位词保持一
12、致。如:His trousers are new. This pair of trousers is new.集合名词作主语。有些集合名词作主语,谓语动词常常用复数。这类名词有people(人们),police(警察),cattle(牲口),oxen(牛), folk(人们),youth(青年人),militia(民兵),poultry(家禽),the Greens(格林一家)等。但注意如果以上一些名词的意义发生变化时,其谓语动词不一定用复数形式。如:Poultry are used as food.(家禽常常用来当作食品) Poultry is a kind of meat.(禽肉是一种肉)
13、某些集合名词作主语,如果当作整体看待,谓语动词用单数;如果强调其中的各个个体或成员,谓语动词用复数。这类名词有family,class,group(小组),grade,team,army(军队),club(俱乐部),audience(听众),crew(全体人员),committee(委员会),company(公司),government(政府),union(联合会),enemy(敌人),majority(多数),population,staff(员工),public(公众),crowd(人群),party(政党),couple(夫妇),band(伙、团、队),cabinet(内阁),natio
14、n(国民)等。如:His family is poor. His family are all watching TV.单复数同形的名词作主语。根据上下文及具体意思决定谓语动词的单复数形式(如果这些名词前有a,such a,this,that修饰时,谓语动词用单数;如有all,such,these,those修饰时,谓语动词用复数。)如sheep,deer,fish(鱼),means(方法),works(工厂),species(种类),series(系列),swine(猪),aircraft(飞机、飞艇),bellows(风箱),crossroads(十字路口),headquarters(司令
15、部、总部),Swiss(瑞士人),Chinese,Japanese等。如: A sheep is(Several sheep are)over there. 专有名词(如书刊名、报纸、国名、山脉、海峡等)作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如:The United Nations was founded in 1945.名词所有格表示“商店、工厂或住宅”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。但指“店铺”时,一般当集合名词看待,谓语动词用复数。这类名词有the bakers(烤房,面包房),the barbers(理发店),the carpenters(木工房),the Greens(格林先生的家)等。如: The
16、doctors is on the other side of the street. Smiths have a lot of things to sell.(史密斯的店铺里有许多东西卖。)名词化结构“the+形容词/过去分词/动词-ing”作主语时,谓语动词常用复数;但如果指“一个人”或“抽象的一类事物概念或品质”时,谓语动词用单数。这类词有the old,the young,the wounded,the dying等。如:The blind study in special schools. The beautiful gives pleasure to all of us.(美给我们
17、大家以快乐。)某些以-ch,-ese,-sh结尾的表示国家、民族的形容词与the连用表示“整个民族”,作主语时谓语动词用复数;但当它们表示“某种语言”时,谓语动词用单数。如:The Chinese are great. Chinese is very difficult for foreigners to learn.表示量的名词作主语,要根据其具体含义确定谓语动词的单复数形式。这类词有half(一半),(a)part(一部分),plenty(大量),the rest(其余的人或物),the following(下面的人或物)等。如:I have drunk some of the water
18、 and the rest is for you. The first two of the four books are very easy,but the rest are very difficult.2、代词作主语的情况:不定代词each,one,much,either,neither,another,the other(+单数名词),(a)little等作主语或修饰主语时,谓语动词用单数。如:Each of the students/Each student has a new book.注意当each位于复数主语后面作同位语时,谓语动词用复数。如:The students each
19、 have a new book.复合不定代词someone,somebody,something,anyone,anybody,anything,everyone,everybody,everything,no one,nobody,nothing作主语时,谓语动词用单数。注意:表示人的复合不定代词作主语,变反意疑问句时常常用复数代词;表示物的复合不定代词作主语,变反意疑问句时常常用单数代词。如:Someone wants to see you,dont they? Everything is ready,isnt it?不定代词many,(a)few,several,both等作主语或修饰
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 主谓 一致 高考 复习 完整版 10
限制150内