专业英语期末考试试题(共2页).doc

《专业英语期末考试试题(共2页).doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《专业英语期末考试试题(共2页).doc（2页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上专业英语期末考试试题（开卷）1. Green Chemistry is the design, development, and implementation of chemical products and processes to reduce or eliminate the use and generation of substances hazardous to human health and the environment. Unlike regulatory requirements for pollution prevention, Green Ch

2、emistry is an innovative, non-regulatory, economically driven approach toward sustainability. Green Chemistry considers the entire life cycle of chemical processes as an opportunity for design innovation. Rather than regulatory restrictions for controlling hazards, Green Chemistry challenges innovat

3、ors to design and utilize matter and energy in a way that increases formance and value while protecting human and the environment. （20 分）2. The unit operations are as applicable to many physical processes as to chemical ones. For example, the process used to manufacture common salt consists of the f

4、ollowing sequence of the unit operations: transportation of solids and liquids, transfer of heat, evaporation, crystallization, drying, and screening. No chemical reaction appears in these steps. On the other hand, the cracking of petroleum8, with or without the aid of a catalyst, is a typical-chemi

5、cal reaction conducted on an enormous scale. Here the unit operations transportation of fluids and solids, distillation, and various mechanical separations are vital, and the cracking reaction could not be utilized without them. The chemical steps themselves are conducted by controlling the flow of

6、material and energy to and from the reaction zone. （20 分）3.Chemical engineering is above all based on the chemical sciences, such as physical chemistry, chemical thermodynamics, and chemical kinetics. In doing so, however, it does not simply copy their findings, but adapts them to bulk chemical proc

7、essing. The principal objectives that set chemical engineering apart from chemistry as a pure science, is “to find the most economical route of operation and to design commercial equipment and accessories that suit it best of all”. Therefore, chemical engineering is inconceivable without close ties

8、with economics, physics, mathematics, cybernetics, applied mechanics, and other technical sciences. （20分）4.The modern era of polymer science belongs to the chemical engineer. Over the years, polymer chemists have invented a wealth of novel macromolecules and polymers. Yet understanding how these mol

9、ecules can be synthesized and processed to exhibit their maximum theoretical properties is still a frontier for research. Only recently has modern instrumentation been developed to help us understand the fundamental interactions of macromolecules with themselves, with particulate solids, with organi

10、c and inorganic fibers, and with other surfaces. Chemical engineers are using these tools to probe the microscale dynamics of macromolecules. Using the insight gained from these techniques, they are manipulating macromolecular interactions both to develop improved processes and to create new materia

11、ls. （20分）5. Industrial waste treatment. The hazardous organic components in industrial wastewater could be destroyed with thermocatalytic or photocatalytic processes. A promising line of research employs “supercritical” water athigh temperatures and pressures. Under these专心-专注-专业（20分）conditions, water exhibits very different chemical and physical properties. It dissolvesreactions of many materials that are nearly inert under normal conditions.