2022年最新重点小学英语语法入门.pdf

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1、小学英语语法入门（一）接数字要大写首字母的单词有些单词接数字时必须大写首字母，并且数字的首字母也要大写，这样的单词有lesson、grade、class、team、row、number 等。如 Lesson One 第一课， Class Two, Grade Three三年级二班， Team Four 第四组， Number Five 第五号。但是它们不接数字时不大写首字母。Be 动词的一般用法be 动词包括 am、is、are, 其用法如下：1. am 只用于 I 的后面，如： I am a girl. I am ten. 2. is 只用于 she/he/it 或其他单数第三人称后面，如：

2、It is a big apple. A girl is in a bus.(a girl 一个女孩，单独一个人是单数第三人称) Mike is in Team Three.(Mike一个人名是单数第三人称) An apple is in a box.(an apple 一个苹果，一个东西是单数第三人称) A book is in a desk.(a book 一本书，也是单数第三人称) 3. are 只用于 you、we、they 或复数人称后面。如：You are Number Thirteen. They are in Grade Nine. We are at home. Mike a

3、nd a girl are in a bus. (Mike和一个女孩指的是两个人，是复数人称) Six boys are in Team Six.（Six boys 六个男孩，多于两个人也是复数人称） A book and a box are on a desk.（A book and a box 一本书和一个盒子，两个物是复数人称） Three pencils are in the pencil-box. （Three pencils 三支铅笔，多于两个物也是复数人称）如何变一般疑问句（一）1. 提前原句中的be 动词 is、are，Be 动词首字母要大写，原句首字母恢复小写，照抄剩余部分，

4、然后加问号。举例如下： Tom is in Grade One. Is Tom in Grade One? Yes, he is. / No, he isn t. This is an egg Is this an egg? Yes, it is. / No, it isn t.(an egg 是物，所以用it 来回答 ) 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 39 页 - - - - - - - - - - That is Rose Is that Rose? Yes, she i

5、s. / No, she isn t.（Rose是女孩，所以用she回答） This is Tom Is this Tom? Yes, he is. /No, he isn t.（Tom 是男孩，所以用he 回答） They are in Class Nine. Are they in Class Nine? Yes, they are. / No, they aren t. A cat and a dog are on the floor. Are a cat and a dog on the floor? Yes, they are. / No, they aren t. Many bir

6、ds are flying in the sky. Are many birds flying in the sky? Yes, they are. / No, they aren t.2. 提前情态动词can ，举例如下： She can spell clock. Can she spell clock? Yes, she can. / No, she cant.Max can say the numbers. Can Max say the numbers? Yes, he can. / No, he can t. They can speak very good English. Can

7、 they speak very good English? Yes, they can. / No, they can t.如何变一般疑问句（二）变一般疑问句，所涉及的所有第一人称都要改成第二人称（特殊除外）。即： I(me) you, we(us) you, am are, my your, mine yours. 1. I am Number Six. Are you Number Six? Yes, I am. / No, I m not. 2. We are in Team Four. Are you in Team Four? Yes, we are. / No, we aren

8、t.3. This is my classroom. Is this your lassroom? Yes, it is. / No, it isn t.练习：变一般疑问句1. We are in the same grade. 2. I am in Class Six. 3. That is my sister. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 39 页 - - - - - - - - - - 练习：变一般疑问句并作两种回答1. Eve is in a bus. 2. Thi

9、s is an orange. 3. That is Mrs Zhang. 4. This is Mr Hu. 5. Kate can ride a bike. 6. Tom and a girl are in the classroom. 7. They are Japanese. 8. Lucy and Lily can speak Chinese. 如何变一般疑问句（三）一、如果句中谓语动词是have/has got，则提前 have/has。 （注意：有some 要改成 any, 有第一人称要改成第二人称，有第二人称要改成第一人称。）1. I ve got a knife. Have

10、you got a knife? Yes, I have. / No, I haven t.2. Tom s got some good friends. Has Tom got any good friends? Yes, he has. / No, he hasn t.练习一：将下列句子变一般疑问句并作两种回答。1. Simons got some postcards from Mexico. 2. Laura s got a violin. 3. I ve got a piano. 4. Shes got a knife and fork and chopsticks. 二、如果句中谓语

11、动词是动词原形，则在句首加do；如果句中谓语动词是第三人称单数，则在句首加 does，原动词第三人称单数恢复原形；如果句中谓语动词是过去式，则在句首加did，原动词过去式恢复原形。1. I often sing songs on Flag Day. Do you often sing songs on Flag Day? Yes, I do. / No, I dont.2. Kate always has Easter Eggs on Easter. Does Kate always have Easter Eggs on Easter? Yes, she does. / No, she do

12、esn t.3. We ate zongzi last Dragon Boat Festival. Did you eat zongzi last Dragon Boat Festival? Yes, we did. / No, we didn t.4. I m eating delicious moon cakes now. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 39 页 - - - - - - - - - - Are you eating delicious moon cakes

13、 now? Yes, I am. / No, I m not. 5. Father Christmas often gives you presents on Christmas. Does Father Christmas often give us presents on Christmas? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn t.练习二：将下列句子变一般疑问句并作两种回答。 1. I sometimes get up at 6:00. 2. Rose never dances on Halloween. 3. They watched a big football

14、 game last Thanksgiving. 4. Tom and Mike are swimming in the lake. 5. Santa Claus always gives you presents on Christmas. 变特殊疑问句一般分三步：第一步：根据划线部分确定疑问词。第二步：将原句变成一般疑问句。第三步：去掉划线部分，并加问号。三步当中以第一步最难确定，现总结如下：如何变特殊疑问句（一）1. 对姓名提问用What ，例如 His name is Max. Whats / What is his name? Her name is Rose. Whats / Wh

15、at is her name? 2. 对物提问用What，例如 It is a banana. Whats /What is it? This is a pear. Whats / What is this? That is a chick. Whats / What is that? 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 39 页 - - - - - - - - - - 3. 对年级提问用What grade ，例如 Tom is in Grade Six. What grade

16、is Tom in? She is in Grade Nine. What grade is she in? 练习：变特殊疑问句 1. That is a bag. 2. His name is Sam. 3. This is a blackboard. 4. Amy is in Grade Eight. 5. He is in Grade Seven. 如何变特殊疑问句（二）1. 对班级提问用What class Tom is in Class One, Grade Two. What class is Tom in? I am in Class Six, Grade Three. What

17、 class are you in? We are in Class Four, Grade Six. What class are you in? 2. 对组、队提问用What team I am in Team Nine. What team are you in? We are in Team Ten. What team are you in? Lingling is in Team Eleven. What team is Lingling in? 练习：变特殊疑问句1. Daming is in Team Twelve. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - -

18、- - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 39 页 - - - - - - - - - - 2. I m in Class Six, Grade Nine. 3. We are in Team Five. 选择疑问句选择疑问句是由一般疑问句+or+其他构成的供选择的句子。1. Is this a pen or a pencil? It s a pen. 2. Are you English or American? I m an American. (注意： 1，择疑问句or 前面的单词要读声调，or 后面的要读降调。2，择疑问句不能用yes或

19、no 回答，只能在or 前后选择。 ) 练习：将下列句子与所给成分合并为选择疑问句并适当回答 1. Are you in Class One?(Class Two) 2. Can you speak Chinese?(Japanese) 3. Do you like playing basketball?(football) 4. Would you like some milk?(some juice) 5. Is he Tom?(Sam) 如何变特殊疑问句（三）1.对人提问用Who，对人名提问用what (一句话中有单词name，并在 name 下划线，疑问词就要用What；如果没有单词n

20、ame，并在人名下划线，疑问词就要用Who。) She is Kate. Who is she? Her name is Kate. What is her name? This boy is Jim. Who is this boy? His name is Jim. What is his name? That woman is Ms Smart. Who is that woman? 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 39 页 - - - - - - - - - - Her

21、 name is Ms Smart. What is her name? 2.对年龄提问用How old . She is nine. How old is she? . Eve is ten. How old is Eve? 3.对排、行提问用What row . Mike is in Row Nine. What row is Mike in? . He is in Row Five. What row is he in? . I m in Row Four. What row are you in? 4. 对地点提问用Where . Mike is on the hill. Where

22、is Mike? . The cat is in the box. Where is the cat? . A pear is on the chair. Where is the pear?(上句出现 a，下句用 the 特指 ) 练习：变特殊疑问句1. Coy is in a bus. 2. Laura is in Row Five. 3. Rose is twelve. 4. The girl is Lucy. 5. I am at school. 6. That man is Mr Hu. 7. I m twenty. 8. A woman is in the room. 9. Her

23、 name is Lucy. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 39 页 - - - - - - - - - - 10. I am Mr Wang. 如何变特殊疑问句（四）一. 对长度提问用How long 1. The Great Wall is thousands of kilometers. How long is the Great Wall? 2. The Changjiang River is about twelve thousand Li long. How lo

24、ng is the Changjiang River? 二. 对人口数量提问用How big is+ 地名？1. Beijing has got about 14 million people. How big is Beijing? 2. New York has got 8 million people. How big is New York? 练习：1. The Yellow River is about 5thousand 4hundred kilometers long. 2. Shanghai has got about 17 million people. 3. Heilong

25、jiang is about four thousand three hundred kilometers long. 4. San Francisco has got about eight hundred thousand people. 如何变特殊疑问句（五）一、对时间提问用When。1. Christmas is on December 25th When is Christmas? 2. April Fools Day is on April 1st When is April Fools Day? 练习一：对划线部分提问1. Halloween is on October 31st

26、. 2. Easter Sunday is on the first Sunday after April 21st. 3. Childrens Day is on June 1st. 4. Thanksgiving is on the fourth Thursday in November. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 39 页 - - - - - - - - - - 二、对数量提问用How many+ 可数名词复数或How much + 不可数名词。1. I can s

27、ee three birds in the sky. How many birds can you see in the sky? 2. I ve got two brothers. How many brothers have you got? 3. There are twenty-six girls in Class Four. How many girls are there in Class 4? 4. There is some bread in the bag. How much bread is there in the bag? 5. Shes got a lot of ap

28、ples. How many apples has she got? 练习二：对划线部分提问1. There are thirty-three boys in Grade 9. 2. I ve got lots of toys. 3. There is some juice in the bottle. 4. Hes got a lot of stamps. 5. I can see many monkeys in the zoo. 6. There are lots of festivals in America. 三、对所做事情提问用What。（注意：如果划线部分是动词原形、第三人称单数或

29、过去式，都要用do 替代划线部分；如果划线部分是动词现在分词，则用doing 替代划线部分。 ）1. We carry flags on Flag Day. What do you do on Flag Day? 2. He has a special meal on the Spring Festival. What does he do on the Spring Festival? 3. She is singing songs now. What is she doing now? 4. The cat ate a bird last night. What did the cat d

30、o last night? 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 39 页 - - - - - - - - - - 练习三：对划线部分提问1. They often watch TV on Saturdays. 2. I m playing computer games now. 3. She goes to school from Monday to Friday. 4. I visited my relatives last Spring Festival. 5. We are

31、seeing the dragon dance. 6. He ate lots of moon cakes last Mid-autumn Day. 7. We see lanterns on Lantern Festival. 8. We eat jiaozi on Spring Festival. 9. We say “Thank you. ” on Thanksgiving. 10. They give Easter Eggs to each others on Easter. 四、对职业提问用What be +sb? / What s sbs job? / What do(es) sb

32、 do? 1. She is a teacher. What is she? / Whats her job? / What does she do? 2. I m a doctor. What are you? / Whats your job? / What do you do? 练习四：对划线部分提问 1. Lily is a student. 2. Mr Smart is a driver. 3. We are pupils. 4. They are teachers. 英语中的打电话英语中的打电话，通常是接电话者自报号码，如Hello, 89321204. 我是 XXX ，不说I m

33、 ，而说 This is 。你是 XXX 吗？不用 Are you ？而说 Is that？你是谁？不用Who are you? 而说 Who s that? 人名 +s的用法（一）1. 人名 +s是人名与 is 的缩写 ,表示 XXX 是。. Tom s at home. (Tom 是在家 ) . Kates in a bus.（Kate 是在公共汽车上）精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 39 页 - - - - - - - - - - 2. 人名 +s是名词所有格，表示XX

34、X 的。. Mikes pen is in the pencil-box. （Mike 的钢笔是在文具盒里）. Coys home is in England. （Coy 的家是在 England）3. 人名 +s是人名与 has的缩写，表示XXX 有。. Simons got a big bag. (Simon 有一个大书包。) . Lily s got a brother and two sisters.(Lily 有一个哥哥和两个妹妹。) 练习：翻译下列句子1. Tom s dad is at home. 2. Jim s at home today. 3. I m Jim s dad.

35、 4. Eves on a hill. 5. Li Lei s got a pet dog. 6. Kate s in a bus. 7. Mike s pen is in the pencil-box. 8. Coys home is in England. 9. Lucy s got a good father. 10. Tom s at home. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 39 页 - - - - - - - - - - 小学英语语法入门（二）名词复数一、规则变

36、化：1. 一般在名词词尾加s，如： a desk two desks , an apple three apples 2. 以 s、x 结尾的在名词词尾加es，如： a box four boxes , a bus five buses 二、名词复数的读音1.加在清辅音后面的s发 s，如： deskdesks,mapmaps 2.加在浊辅音后面的s发 z，如： eggeggs,girlgirls 3.加在元音后面的s发，如： carcars,treetrees 4.加在 s、x 后的 es发 ，如： busbuses, boxboxes 5.加在音素后与其合发，如： catcats 6.加在音

37、素后与其合发，如： bedbeds 7.加在音素后发，如： orangeoranges 练习：将下列名词变复数并标注所加的s或 es的发音cake desk jeep book map bike clock cup girl lesson apple egg pen pencil eraser boy tree picture ruler car dress fox bus box boat cat friend bird orange 三、不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, m

38、ouse-mice , child-children ,foot-feet, tooth-teeth ,fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 代词 (一) 人称代词主格你我他她它你们我们他/她/它们you I he she it you we they 人称代词宾格你我他她它你们我们他/她 /它们you me him her it you us them 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 39

39、页 - - - - - - - - - - 形容词性物主代词你的我的他的她的它的你们的我们的他/她/它们的your my his her its your our their 名词性物主代词你的我的他的她的它的你们的我们的他/她/它们的yours mine his hers its yours ours theirs 1.人称代词主格用在动词前，做动作的执行者，在句中作主语。I look. He can see a bird. They have a good teacher. 2. 人称代词宾格用在动词或介词后，做动作的承受者，在句中作宾语。Look at me, please. I can

40、 see her in the bus. Please ask them 3. 形容词性物主代词相当于一个形容词，主要用在名词前修饰、限制名词，但是不可单独使用。This is my friend. That s your orange. Her name is Rose. Miss Li is our teacher. Those are their bananas. 4. 名词性物主代词相当于一个名词，可用于动词前或动词后，可单独使用。This is my desk.= This desk is mine A: Those are their apples. Where are ours?

41、 B: Yours are in the box. 练习一：完成下表人称代词主格：你我 她 他 它 你们 我们他（它）（她）们人称代词宾格：你我 她 他 它 你们 我们他（它）（她）们精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 13 页，共 39 页 - - - - - - - - - - 名词性物主代词：我的你的 他的她的 它的 我们的你们的他（她）（它）们的练习二：根据汉语提示完成下列各题1. sing, dance all day. This is life.( 我) 2. is English

42、. name is Jack. (他) 3. is Rose and this isdesk., That chair is , too. (她) 4. ask me, I ask . (他们) 5. can ride a bike? This is bike. That bike isn t . (你) 6. is a cat. name is Tam. Can you see in the picture? ( 它) 7. Look at , please. are Chinese. Miss Li is English teacher. (我们 ) hundred、thousand 、m

43、illion 、billion 当 hundred、thousand、million 、 billion前面有具体数量词的时候，它们是数量词，没有复数变化，如 : a thousand, three thousand, eight million等；当它们前面没有具体的数量词时，则它们是名词，总以复数形式 出现，表示数量之多，但不确定，一定要与介词of 构成短语之后才能修饰名词 , 如： hundreds of boys 数百男孩， thousands of birds 数千只鸟， millions of people 数百万人， If I had billions and billions

44、of dollars（数十亿美元）, I will buy you everything you want. but thats impossible. haha. 练习：选择正确答案1. There are volunteers in Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. A. ten millions B. ten millions of C. millions of D. million of 2. Many trees should be planted on the mountains. A. thousand B. thousand of C. thousands

45、 D. thousands of 3. More than five _ people are there. A. thousands B. thousand C. thousands of 4.- How many people will come to Beijing for the Olympic Games in 2008? - Its hard to say. _ people, I think. A. Million of B. Millions of C. Two millions of D. Two million of 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - -

46、- - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 14 页，共 39 页 - - - - - - - - - - 基数词基数词是表示数量的词，如下：one two three four five . Hundred thousand million 1.几十几用整十加连字符“-”再加几，如：34：thirty-four 98 ：ninety-eight 2.几百几十几用几百and 几十几，如：112：a hundred and twelve 375： three hundred and seventy-five 序数词1.序数词是表示顺序的词，如下：first

47、第一， second 第二， third 第三， fourth 第四 . 2.基数词变序数词，一般都在基数词词尾加th，其规律如下：一二三要全变， （onefirst ， two second，three third）其余将 th 加后边，（four fourth，fifty-seven fifty-seventh ）th 变化有特例， （如下）八减 t， （eighteighth）九去 e， （nineninth） ty 改成 tie， （twenty twentieth，ninety ninetieth）ve 变 f 再加 th。 （five fifth ，twelve twelfth ）

48、基数词变序数词记忆口诀：基变序，有规律，词尾加上th 。一，二，三，特殊记，词尾字母t，d，d。八去 t，九除 e，ve 要用 f 替，ty 将 y 变成 i，th 前面有个 e。若是碰到几十几，前用基来后用序精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 15 页，共 39 页 - - - - - - - - - - 小学英语语法入门（三）方位名词与方位介词1. 方位名词N means north, S means south, W means west and E means east. NE mea

49、ns northeast, SE means southeast, NW means northwest and SW means southwest. mean 代表，意思是north 北 south 南 west 西 east东2. 方位介词：包含in，接壤 on，相望 to . B is in the north of A. (B在 A 的北部 ) . C is in the west of A. (C 在 A 的西部 ) . F is on the north of A. (F 在的北边 ) . I is on the south of G .(在的南边 ) . G is to the

50、 west of A. ( 在的西边 ) . H is to the east of A. ( 在的东边 ) 练习一：翻译下列句子 北京在中国的北部。2. 上海在中国的东部。3. 旧金山在美国的西部。4. 海南在中国的南部。5. 日本在中国的东边。6. Russia（俄罗斯）在中国的北边。练习二：看右图，用正确的方位名词或方位介词填空。1. E is the south of A. 2. D is in the of A. 3. G is the north of I. 4. G is the west of C. 5. J is the northeast of A. 精品资料 - - -