2022英语四级考试复习写作与翻译模板_1.docx

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1、英语四级写作与翻译模板 2019年最新写作常见类型1. Argumentation 议论文Typel现象解释型1) 阐述现象2) 分析原因或影响因素3) 指出存在的问题或阐明作者的观点e.g. On Students Selecting Their Lecturers;Online EducationANowadays is a common phenomenon in society. For example, .People Like /prefer (doing ) because , . do more (good) than (harm) to us. For one thing,

2、. For another, BRecently has aroused public concern. It has both and .There are some reasons that account for .First, .Secondly, . Thirdly . Whats more, do more (good) than (harm) to us. On one hand, . On the other hand, Useful sentences1. Never in history has the issue of been visible than.2. Nowhe

3、re in the world has the problem of. been as evident as .3. Now there is a growing awareness / recognition of the necessity of4. Now, a growing number of peo pie a re beginning /coming to realize that.5. Recently the problem/issue/question of. has been brought to public attention.6. Recently the prob

4、lem/issue/question of. has caused worldwide concern.Type 2对比选择型1) 一些人对待某一事物的观点是.2) 另一些人对待该事物的态度是.3) 我的看法.e.g. Should the U niversity Campus Be Open to Tourists?Model APeoples opinion about vary from person to person. Some people are inclined to for the following reasons. Firstly . Secondly .Other pe

5、ople, however, take a different attitude that .On one hand, . On the other hand, .My own point of view is that , because . Also, . So Model B has become a hot topic among people, and heated debates are right on their way.Quite a few people think . It sou nds good because .On the contrary, there is a

6、 universally acknowledged saying that . To them, .In my opinion, . For one thing, . For another, . Hence, Useful Sentences1. Different people hold different opinions about. Some take it for granted that.Butothers take an opposite idea that2. Peoples views about .vary from person to person. Some peop

7、le say that .While othersthink that.3. In the face of some people take the position that. Some people come to believethat.4. There is no consensus of opinions among people as to the view of . Some peoplesuggest that. While some others argue that.5. There are two main reasons why I am opposed to /in

8、favor of the first or the secondview.6. Through the discussion above, we may draw the conclusion that.Type 3观点论证型1）阐述观点2）举例证明3）重述主题e.g. It Pays to Be HonestWriting ModelA famous old saying goes that . It means that .I have has such experiences for many times. is a good example. . Another case in poi

9、nt is .Whatever you do, please remember . If you understand it and apply it to yourstudy or work, youll necessarily benefit a lot from it.Type 4问题解决型1）阐述问题（提出问题）2）解决问题的办法3）我的看法e.g. How I finance My College EducationWriting Model ASometimes we find there are really many problems/difficulties in .Then

10、 how can we manage to overcome all these? Step by step, first, . Secondly . Thirdly, . Last, .After a period of painstaking efforts, I find that .Writing Model BThese days we often hear that There are some possible reasons for that. In the first place, . In the secondPlace, .To solve the problem is

11、not easy at all, but it is worth trying. We should do something suchas to improve the present situation, and I do be I ieve everything will be better in thefuture.Useful sentences1. Now peopie are increasingly aware /conscious of.2. Recently the problem of. has been in the limelight.3. Generally spe

12、aking, the major reasons for .can be listed as follows,.4. Obviouslv/Apparently, sever a I reasons contribute to / account for.5. It is high time that quick/necessary action/steps/measure should be taken to.6. We should try every means to.7. Many things can contribute to solving the problem, but the

13、 following ones may be themost effective.（2、3类略）4. Writing based on a Chart/ a graph/diagram/ a cartoon 图表（漫 类）描述图表（简明扼要，重要信息）分析图表，确立主题（细心观察分析图表内容、相关数据、变化情况以及所包含的用意；分析原因或后果等）提出建议，或做出评论或得出结论，或未米趋势预测等。eg-AThere are a growing number of nowadays. Reading this chart, we can find that has soared to from G

14、enerally speaking, there are several reasons for this. First of all, . Also, .More over, .Along with , there arise some problems. The most serious one is that . It is urgent to in aproper way.BThe graph shows the general trend in . It can be easily seen that There are many reasons explaining this si

15、tuation. As for me, I consider the followings theimportant ones. Firstly . Secondly . In addition, .Above all, we now know about the problem and we should try to find some ways tosolve it, for example, Useful Sentences：描述图表内容1. According to the figures shown in the table/ graph we can see/conclude t

16、hat.2. The graph shows/ tells us/ reveals that.3. As is shown/ can be seen in the chart.4. The table is / gives i nformation a bout.5. The table represent the development and changes in agricultural structure in the past 30 years.6. After considering the information in the graph we might conclude th

17、at.描述增减变化1. Compared with the number of 1988.K still increased by 3546 with an increasing proportion of2%.2. The number of. grew/ rose from.to.3.twice/ three times as high as.4. .dropped to half of.5. .was cut in half6. .was halved7. doubled/tripled/ quadruple8. The amount of.will rise/ show a tende

18、ncy to increase.9. The graph shows a/an sma I l/sl ight/gradua 1/ marked/steadyrise/i ncrease/decrease/ decline/drop10. The population will amount to 12,000 million in 2000.11. No increase is shown in 1985; then came a sharp increase of 8000 million.12. an upward/a downward/an uncertain trend描述时间1.

19、over the period from 1990 to 20002. during the past half century3. in the 3 years spanning from 1986 through 19894. between 1985 and 1998结论1. From the table/ figures/data/results , it can be seen/concluded/ inferred /estimated that.2. Therefore, the evidence/table /chart shows that.3. In conclusion,

20、 we can/may say that.4. Finally, it can/ may be said that.5. In brief; we have shown that.6. On the whole, .;Tosum up,.; In short,.In all,.etc四级真题实例（2017年12月）写作指南这是一篇图_分析型作文。图_描述/ 一种社会现象：当爸爸问女儿今天在学校过得怎样吋，女儿却让爸爸i看她的陴客。这幅阁画反映了互联网对人际沟通的影响。围绕这主题，本文的结构吋设计如下：第一段：描述图画，指出它所反映的问题：互联网对人际沟通产生了一定的影响。第二段：从正反两个方面

21、分析可.联网对人际沟通产生的具体影响。其正面影响是它能够实现远程交际，给人们远距离的沟通带来方便；其负面影响在于它在一定程度h影响/实现生活的沟通。第三段：说明自己的看法和建议：我们应该认淸互联网对人际沟通的利弊，扬长避短。范文：It can be easily seen from the picture that, when asked by her father about her school life,the little girl asks him to read her blog instead of having a face-to-face chat. There is no

22、denyingthe fact that the Internet has affected interpersonal communication a lot.Apparently, there are both positive and negative impacts of the Internet on personalcommunication. The Internet has provided people with a convenient tool of communication.With the Internet, a mother can easily contact

23、her daughter studying abroad, and a student canget the instant guidance from a professor in a distant city. However the negative impact of theInternet on personal communication cannot be ignored. Some people are so absorbed incommunications online that they tend to lose interest in face-to-face talk

24、. Some people may beso accustomed to communications online that they may fail to grasp the skills needed in real-lifeinterpersonal communications.In conclusion, I think we should take full advantage of the new communication method whileguarding against its negative impact on our real life.仿写篇：Write

25、an essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief de script io nof the picture and then comment on The Impact of Mobile Phone on interpersonalcommunication You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.5As the picture presentsz a mother is sitting in the

26、living room facing her adolescentdaughter and their cat. It seems she asks her daughter about interpersonal communicationwithout a phone. The latter replies Of course I know how to communicate without a phone. Ihave an app for that!w Upon hearing this, the mother seems surprised and lost in deep thi

27、nking.What the cartoon depicts is a common phenomenon long existing in China-peoplesobsession with apps on mobile digital devices. With the advent of the information age, peopleare increasingly fascinated by electronic products, especially smart phones, where various appslike WeChat and QQ help them

28、 communicate with their contacts. Not surprisingly, most peopleare lost in sending text or voice messages or playing online games with their mobile phones.Undeniably this phenomenon negatively impacts real-life interpersonal communication andpeople are likely to become estranged and isolated in mach

29、ine-mediated communication.Personally, given the overuse of mobile phones, I hold that we individuals should raise thenecessary awareness that good interpersonal communication is reinforced by heartfelt andface-to-face exchanges.Cohesive Devicesin Writing 衔接手段主题突出是段落写作的基本要求。但是，语义连贯，结构紧凑也是段落写作所不可忽视的。

30、过渡词作为过渡手段Transitional Words过渡词把前后句子表达的意思连接起来，使段内各句在意义上和形式上紧密相连，形成一个完整的整体。过渡词可能是一个单词，也可能是一个词组或短语。一般来讲，过渡词可分为下列几种，写作是要根据不同的需要选用过渡词或短语。1) 表示增补关系的过渡词：again, also, and, besides, furthermore, moreover, too, in addition2) 表示转折关系的过渡词：although, but, however, nevertheless, otherwise, though, yet, except for;

31、on the otherhand3) 表示比较关系的过渡词：like, likewise, similarly, too, in the same way4) 表示对比关系的过渡词：but, however; instead, nevertheless, otherwise, whereas, unlike, yet, in contrast, on thecontrary, on the other hand5) 表示原因关系的过渡词：as, because, since, because of, for the reason6) 表示结果关系的过渡词：accordingly, conseq

32、uently, hence, so, then, therefore, as a result, as a consequence7) 表示目的关系的过渡词：for this purpose, to the end, with this object8) 表示时间关系的过渡词：afterwards, earlier, finally, immediately, meanwhile, now, simultaneously, soon, in themeanwhile9) 表示顺序关系的过渡词：first(second, third.), finally, last, next, above a

33、ll, first of all, to begin with1) first, second, third, last2) firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally3) the first, the second, the third, the last4) in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly5) to begin with, then, furthermore, finally (强烈推荐)6) to start with, next, in addition,

34、 finally (强烈推荐)7) first and foremost, besides, last but not least (强烈推荐)8 ) most important of all, moreover, finally9) on the one ha nd, on the other ha nd10) for one thing, for another thing10)表示让步关系的过渡词：although, clearly, nevertheless, still, though, after all, of course,ID表示例举关系的过渡词：next, such, t

35、hus, for example, for instance, to illustrate12) 表示声明关系的过渡词：in other words, in simpler terms, that is13) 表示强调关系的过渡词：anyway certainly, indeed, surely, above all, in fact, of course14) 表示结论关系的过渡词：finally, therefore, at last, in briet in conclusion, in short, in summary, on the whole, tosum up关于四级翻译常用翻

36、译方法：1. 顺序法：不改变原文表达语序e.g.他打开门，发现屋子里乱七八糟。He opened the door and found the room was in a mess.2. 逆序法：根据目标与表达习惯，按原文的反向翻译e.g.上课前他读了两遍课文He read the text twice before class.3. 增译法：增加原文没有的的词句，补全原文隐含的内容。e.g.听到你升职的消息，很是高兴。I was very happy on hearing that you got promoted.4. 减译法：译文中省略原文中无关紧要的内容。e.g.政府要采取有力措施解决

37、环境污染The government is going to take strong measures to solve the environmental pollution.5. 词性转换发：在译文里将原文中的某个词的词性用其他词性的词表达出来e.g.你赞成还是反对这项计划？Are you for or against this plan?6. 分译法：将原文中的一个句子译成两个或两个以上的句子e.g.十一月，苏得了肺炎。It was in November, and Sue fell a victim to pneumonia.7. 合译法：将原文中的两个或两个以上的句子译成一个句子。e

38、.g.他粗心大意，车撞到了树上。His carelessness resulted in the car crash into a tree.强化翻译技巧离不开语言知识积累1 .积累日常生活词语，关注特殊词汇中国节日历史事件经济文化旅游活动社会发展2.写长难句可增加得分点平时加大对长难句的分析和运用，如各类从句、非谓语动词使用，尤其是定语从句，有时达到三层结构。翻译实例1北京是中国的政治、文化、教育中心。当人们想去一个历史悠久、发展迅速的中国城市是，北京是首选。这風是世界卜.接待游客最多的地方之一，有上百个景点，比如故宫、天坛、颐和园和长城等。K中很多都被列入了世界文化遗产。让北京引以为傲的是

39、那些历史古迹、各大名校、四合院和胡同、主题博物馆及公园。Beijing is recognized as the political, cultural and educationalcenter of China. It is always the bestchoice of travellers who are willing to know a time-honored and fast-developed city of China. It isone of the most visited cities in the world. There are hundreds of attr

40、actions like the ForbiddenCit The Temple of Heaven, the Summer Palace, and the Great Wall, etc. , most of which are onthe World Heritage Site list. Beijing boasts of manv historical sites, universities, courtyardhousesand hutong, theme museums, parks and gardens.翻译实例2笔、墨、纸、砚(inkstone),就是人们所说的“文房四宝”，

41、为书写中华五千年文明史做出了重要贡献。作为传承、弘扬中华文化和艺术的工具和载体，文房四宝铸就了汉字特有的书法艺术和中国国_的独特风格。文房四宝本身也是供人观赏的艺术品，并逐渐成为收藏品。文房四宝品类繁多，制作工艺不断趋于完善，历代都有名匠、名产品生产，形成了深厚的文化积淀。Four treasures of the study, referring to writing brushes, ink sticks, paper and inkstones,play an important role in recording the five thousand years history of C

42、hinese civilization. As tools9and carriers for inheriting and promoting Chinese culture and art, four treasures of the study 二forged the unique art of Chinese calligraphy and the distinctive artistic style of Chinese painting.They themselves have also become the works of art for appreciation and gradually for collection.There is a large variety of these four treasures. Their production processes have been graduallyimproved. Each dynasty in Chinese history saw famous craftsmen emerged and fine worksproduced, which helped form a profound cultural accumulation.io