高三英语高考英语冲刺：语法填空和翻译复习讲义.docx

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1、上海2022届高考英语冲刺语法填空和翻译复习 l 知识点梳理（一）语法填空语法填空有给提示词和无提示词两种考察方式，学生首先要能判断每个空格所填词性。出题方式词性考查考点分布特别注意有提示词形容词/副词原 级1、双音节单词比较级最高级的变形2、修饰比较级最高级的词3、less/least+adj/adv情况4、双写+er的单词比较级最高级动词时态语态1、各种时态的标志词以及特征2、主动表被动情况不定式1、不定式作主宾表定状补2、动名词作主宾表定3、分词作表定状补4、各种非谓语的时态语态动名词分 词无提示词冠词定冠词/不定冠词判断语境是特指还是非特指介词搭配及其他熟练掌握固定搭配以及本身用法代词

2、人称物主代词1、复合句的从句除去关系代词仍缺成分2、反身代词不能作主语，可作宾语、表语、同位语3、代词作定语不定代词反身单词动词情态动词观察语境中暗含的情感和态度助动词/系动词倒装情况从属连词定语从句1、熟练判断各种复合句结构，掌握连接词的特定用法2、how+adj/adv情况，what+n情况，how many/much/ long.情况3、表语从句连接词as if，because名词性从句状语从句强调句并列连词并列句判断上下句之间的逻辑关系（二）翻译翻译主要考察重点词汇、词组、成语及各种语法的综合运用。考察点常考用法举例高考真题例句词汇stand；cost；demonstrate；witn

3、ess.每位设计师都希望自己的作品能经受时间的考验。(stand)Every designer hopes that his work can stand the test of time.词组be accustomed to; congratulate.on; be up to; be exposed to；be committed to; .大量阅读书籍有助于我们成长。（expose）Being much exposed to books is helpful to our growth. 成语按部就班: as planned /step by step翘首以盼: look forward

4、 to立竿见影: haveaneffective and immediate effect远非如此: far fromthetruth /case有人声称这种减肥药丸效果显著，立竿见影，且对身体无害，但事实远非如此。（It）It isclaimedthatweight-losspills haveaneffective and immediate effectand are harmless/ do no harmtoour body, but it isfar fromthetruth /case.时态语态常考时态：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在

5、完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。常考语态：主动和被动语态。（若句子无主语一般用被动）在过去的三年中他一直致力于研究信息的传播速度和人们生活节奏之间的关系。（commit）In / During / Over the past three years, he has committed himself / has been committed all the time to researching / studying the relationship / connection between the transmission speed of information

6、 and the rhythm / pace of human life.申请材料需精心准备，这样你心仪的学校才会对你的能力有全面、准确的了解。(in order that)The application should be carefully prepared in order that the school you like can have an overall and accurate knowledge of your abilities.定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句在展览会上，公司销售经理展示了孩子们翘首以盼的新型电子玩具。(demonstrate)At the exh

7、ibition, the companys sales manager demonstrated the new type of electronic toys (which/that) children were looking forward to.名词性从句主语从句(注意it作形式主语)、宾语从句(注意it作形式宾语)、表语从句、同位语从句能否抵御网络游戏的诱惑是摆在中学生面前的一道难题。(It)It is a difficult problem for high school students whether they can resist the temptation of onli

8、ne games.状语从句时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、比较、让步、条件状语从句你的网站内容越实用，使用起来越方便，就越有可能成功。（the morethe more）The more practical and user-friendly your website is, the more likely it will succeed. 我们一致同意一旦得出调查结论，就尽早让公众知晓。（once）We all agree that once the conclusion of the investigation is drawn, it will be make known to th

9、e public as soon as possible.强调句It is/was.that.正因为她按部就班地实现了每一个短期目标，才会在科学领域不断有所突破。（It）It was because she reached every short-term goal as planned /step by step that she kept breaking through in the field of science.倒装句全部倒装和部分倒装她一看完那个关于已灭绝物种的电视节目，就立志加入野生动物保护组织。(No sooner)No sooner had she finished wat

10、ching that programme about those extinct species, than she decided to join the Wildlife Conservation Organization.情态动词can；may；must；should；will.她们中谁可能当过排球教练？(may)Who may have been a volleyball coachamong them?it作形式主语或宾语It is+adj for/of sb to doIt is +n to dofind/make it adj/n to do保护环境是每个公民的职责。(It.)I

11、t is the duty of every citizen to protect our environment.我发现很难与那些一贯固执己见的人合作。(it)I find it (is) hard to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions.非谓语动名词、不定式、分词看到奶奶有些睡意，他拉上窗帘并把电视的音量调低了。(turn)Seeing Grandma a little sleepy, he drew the curtains and turned the TV down.我习惯睡前听点轻音乐。(accu

12、stomed)Im accustomed to listening to some light music before sleep.l 课堂检测（一）GrammarDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for

13、the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. （2018上海秋考）The S&A Supercenter is the only place where residents in Boise can go shopping. Its also the most frequently (21) _ (visit) stop for local police. In the first six months of 2016, 14% of thecitys crime reports originated there, most

14、 for shoplifting(商店货物扒窃)-a figure thatwould be even higher if S&A called thepolicefor every minor theft.(22)_ (case) that burden and reduce shoplifting losses, S&A is starting to do police work. Earlier this summer, 90 employees (23) _(hire) to guard its doors and check receipts. As part of a progra

15、m called Justice, they will work with existing employees to manage some small crimes internally. If an employee catches a thief (24)_name is not in the police database - that is, a first-time offender - that person will get a choice: pay to take an online course about the consequences of their actio

16、ns, or face charges. This idea, according to S&A, is to educate lawbreakers (25)_ involving the police.But the efforts (26) _ (raise) concern.For one, its unclear (27)_ the online courses are as helpful as they seem. It is because one of administrative organizations is being accused of both overchar

17、ging and falsely (28) _(send) so-called shoplifters to prison. And (29)_ _ there are extra staff members, S&A will remain difficult to secure because of its size and accessibility, especially during late-night hours, when fewere employees are working.Still, there are signs (30) _ the program could w

18、ork. The local police department says the program reduced police calls to the store by 40.5% from last October through July. But something truly transformational will likely take years and more police runs in the meantime.Keys：21. visited 22. to ease23. werehired 24. whose 25. without 26. have raise

19、d 27. whether 28. sending 29. even if/even though 30. thatDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one

20、 word that best fits each blank. When I was a very young man, just beginning to make my way, I was invited to dine at the home of a famous New York philanthropist（慈善家）. It was after dinner _21_ hostess led us to a large sitting room, _22_ other guests were pouring, and my eyes observed two nervous s

21、ights: servants were arranging small chairs in long and neat rows; and up front, leaning against the wall, were musical instruments. Apparently I was in for an evening of chamber music.I use the phrase in for because music means _23_ to me. I am almost tone deaf only with great effort _24_ I carry t

22、he simplest tune, and serious music is to me no more than an arrangement of noises. So I did what I always did when _25_（trap）: I sat down, and when the music started, I fixed my face in _26_ I hoped was an expression of intelligent appreciation, closed my ears from the inside, and _27_（bury）myself

23、in my own completely irrelevant thoughts.After a while, _28_（become）aware that the people around me were applauding, I concluded it was safe _29_（unplug）my ears. At once I heard a gentle but surprisingly penetrating voice on my right, You are fond of Bach?I knew as much about Bach as I knew about nu

24、clear fission. But I did know one of the most famous faces in the world, _30_ the famous shock of untidy white hair and the ever-present pipe between the teeth. I was sitting next to Albert Einstein.21. that 22.where 23. nothing 24. can 25. trapped 26. what 27. buried 28. becoming 29. to unplug 30.

25、with（二）TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.（2019上海春考）1.究竟是什么激发了小王学习电子工程的积极性?( motivate)What was it that motivated Xiao Wang to learn electronic engineering?What on earth has motivated Xiao Wangs to study electronic engineering?

26、2.网上支付方便了用户，但是牺牲了他们的隐私。( at the cost of )Online payment is convenient for users, but at the cost of their privacy.Online payment has brought convenience to its users at the cost of their privacy.3.让我的父母非常满意的是，从这个公寓的餐厅可以俯视街对面的世纪公园，从起居室也可以。(so)Much to my parents satisfaction, the dinning room of this

27、apartment overlooks the Century Park across the street and so does the living room.What makes my parents really satisfy is that they can see the Century Park from the dining room of this apartment, so can they from the living room.4.博物馆疏于管理，展品积灰，门厅冷清，急需改善。(whose)This museum is not well managed, whos

28、e exhibits are covered with dust, and there are few visitors, so everything is badly in need of improvement.The museum whose management is reckless, whose exhibits are piled with dust and whose lobby is deserted, requires immediate improvement.With few visitors, the museum whose exhibits are covered

29、 with dust due to poor management urgently needs improving.Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 这三门网络课程你随便选哪门都会受益匪浅。 (whichever)2. 这双鞋虽贵，但耐穿，正是证实了一分钱一分货这句话。(as)3. 毕业前夕，回首往事，我无比感激老师和家长的关爱和包容。(too)4. 环保人士之所以呼吁全世界保护水资源是因为他们不想看到人类的眼泪成为地球上最后

30、一滴水。(appeal)1. You will benefit a lot from whichever of the three online courses you take.Whichever of the three online courses you take, you will benefit a lot.2. Expensive as this pair of shoes is, they wear well / last long, which proves the saying that the higher the price (of something) is, the

31、 better its/the quality will be /is . 3. Before the graduation, recalling the past / looking back upon (on) the past / what happened in the past, I can never be too grateful to teachers and parents for their love / care and tolerance. 4. The reason why environmentalists appeal to the whole world to

32、protect/conserve water resources is that they dont want to see mans / human-beings tear become the last drop of water on the earth.l 课后作业（一）GrammarDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word,

33、 fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Can artificial intelligence uncover a liar? It sounds like science fiction, but such an AI system is possible. The question is: How accurate can it be? Rada Mihalcea, a professor

34、 of computer science and engineering at the University of Michigan, has worked on deception detection for about a decade. This is 21)_ they constructed one AI deception detector, and in what way it functions.The first thing that researchers working on artificial intelligence and machine learning 22)

35、_ (need) is data. In the case of the work that Mihalcea did, they began with videos from actual court cases. For example, a defendant speaking in a trial 23)_ they were found guilty could provide an example of deceit; they also used testimony from witnesses as either example of truthful or deceitful

36、 statements. Altogether, they used 121 video clips and the corresponding transcripts of 24)_ they actually claimabout half deceptive statements, and half truthful. It was this data that they used to build machine learning classifiers 25)_ ultimately had between a 60 to 75 percent accuracy rate.One t

37、hing the system noticed is the use of pronouns people who are lying tend to 26)_(often) use the word I or we. Instead, they turn to the second and third person. Thats not the only linguistic signal: someone telling a lie would use stronger words that reflect certainty like absolutely and very, 27)_

38、interestingly, people telling the truth were more likely to use words such as maybe or probably. I think people who are deceptive would try to make up for the lie they are putting forward, she says, and so they try to look more certain of 28)_. As for gestures, she points out that someone being dece

39、itful would more likely look directly into the eyes of the person questioning them. They also tended to use both hands when gesturing, instead of just one, as part of trying to be convincing.However, Mihalceas work is“far from perfection,”she concluded.“As researchers, we are excited we were able to

40、 get to 75 percent accuracy.”But 29)_(look) at another way, thats an error rate of one in four. Ultimately, she sees technology like this as being assistive for peopleit 30)_, for example, indicate that it noticed something“unusual”in a speakers statement, and then perhaps have a person investigate

41、more.21. how 22. Need 23. Where 24. What 25. That 26. Less often 27. While 28. Themselves 29. Looked 30. CouldDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper f

42、orm of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Cruz Genet, 11, and Anthony Skopick, 10, couldnt agree. Were the birds out on the ice ducks or geese? There was only one way to find out.So on a chilly January evening last year, the two friends ventured（冒险）onto the

43、 frozen pond near their homes in Frankfort, Illinois, _21_（get）a better look. First they cast a rock onto the ice to test it, then they stepped on it. _22_（convince）the ice would hold their weight, Anthony took a few steps, then FOOMP. He crashed through the seemingly frozen surface. There was no so

44、und, he just fell instantly.Cruz rushed to help his terrified friend. FOOMPthe pond swallowed him too. Cruz managed to lift _23_ out of the frozen water and onto a more solid section. He then cautiously worked his way toward Anthony. But the ice _24_（not hold），and he fell in again. This time, he cou

45、ldnt get out. The boys were up to their necks in icy water and quickly losing feeling in their limbs. There was not much chance _25_ they could free themselves from the trouble. Cruz was sure he was going to die.Anthonys older sister had seen the boys _26_（fall）into the pond and started screaming fo

46、r help. John Lavin, a neighbor driving nearby on his way to the grocery store, heard her. He quickly pulled over. Seeing the boys, he grabbed a nearby buoy（浮标），kicked off his shoes, and ran into the water, _27_（chop）his way through the ice with free fist. Lavin made his way _28_ Cruz and Anthony and

47、 pull them back to land. They were taken to the hospital, where doctors discovered that their five-minute stay in the water _29_（lower）their body temperature nearly ten degrees.Fortunately, the boys have fully recovered, _30_ they are still a little awestruck（惊叹的）by their fearless neighbor.“Just to think,”says Cruz,“If he hadnt been there, I would have died.”