初二英语-(形容词-副词-动词种类)(共11页).docx
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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Step 1 形容词,副词分类及用法辨析考点归纳1形容词 形容词是用来修饰、描绘名词的,通常在句中作定语、表语或宾补,有时还可作状语。如:He is honest and hardworking. I found the book interesting.(1) 有些形容词只能作表语。如:alone,alive,afraid,asleep,ill,interested,excited, surprised等。 如:That old man feels alone because his children are out. Im afraid he cant come
2、而以ly结尾的形容词有friendly,lively,lovely,likely等。(2) 形容词与不定代词something,anything,nothing,everything等连用时,要放在这些词后面。如:Is there anything interesting in todays newspaper?(3) 某些形容词可以和定冠词连用,表示一类人或事物,其作用相当于一个名词,如:the young(年轻人),the poor(穷人),the rich(富人)。当其作主语时,谓语通常用复数形式。如:The rich and the poor live in different par
3、ts of the city.(4) 如果有两个以上的形容词修饰同一个名词时,其前后排列顺序一般如下: 限定词(a/the,thissomeher)+数量词(先序数词后基数词)+观点+大小+形状+新旧+颜色+产地+材料+名词。如:a dirty old black shirt 一件又脏又旧的黑色衬衣2形容词比较级和最高级的构成形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在形容词的原级形式的基础上变化而成的。(1) 单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加-er和-est构成。(2) 以-e结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加-r和-st构成。(3) 少数以-y,-er,-ow,-ble结尾的双音节形
4、容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加-er和-est构成。如:clever - cleverer-cleverest(4) 以-y结尾,但-y前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把-y去掉,加上-ier和-est构成。如:happy - happier(比较级)-happiest(最高级)(5) 以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级是双写该辅音字母然后再加-er和-est。如:big - bigger - biggest(6) 某些双音节和多音节形容词的比较级和最高级需用more和most加在形容词前面构成。如:difficult - more difficult -
5、 most difficult 形容词前若加上less和least则表示“较不”和“最不”。如:important重要less important较不重要least important最不重要3副词 副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子,有时也能修饰名词,表示时间、地点、方式、程度、动作、频度等,在句中主要用作状语。 如:we should listen to our teachers carefully我们应该认真听老师讲课。(1) 副词表示频度修饰动词时,位于连系动词和助动词之后,行为动词之前, 如:Mr. Smith usually comes to school by car
6、.(2) already和yet的区别:already用于陈述句,一般用于句中,但不能和时间状语放在一起,译为“已经”;yet用来表达某事在预料之中,在疑问句中译为“已经”,但用在否定句中则译为“尚未,还没有”,一般都放于句末。 如:I have already finished the homework. Have you found your English book yet?(3) ever用于疑问句或带if的肯定句中或含hardly等否定意义的肯定句中,表示“曾经”一般要放在动词前面;它不用于现在完成时的简略回答,而要用Yes,I have或No,never 表示。 如:The old
7、 woman hardly ever goes out(hardly ever可译为:几乎从不) “Have you ever been to New York?“No, never”4形容词变副词的规律(1) 一般的形容词在结尾加ly变为副词。如:careful - carefully(2) 以元音加e结尾的单词要去e再加ly。如:true-truly;以le结尾的单词直接将e变为y。如:terrible - terribly(3) 辅音加y结尾的单词去y变i再加ly。例如:angry - angrily(4) 单音节y结尾直接加ly。例如:shy-shyly 要特别注意形容词、副词同形:h
8、ard,fast,late,early,long,far,right,straight,daily等。其中很多单词加ly之后就变成其他意思的单词了。例如:hardly就变成“几乎不”的意思,是初中阶段五大隐形否定词( few,little,seldom,hardly,rarely)之一。5形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 大多数的形容词和副词都有三个等级:原级、比较级和最高级。1) 比较级的范围: 一般为两者或两个部分进行比较。常见的使用情况有如下三种:(1) as+形容词或副词原形+as 为“像一样”。(2) not as (so)+形容词或副词原形+as和不一样。not as/soas=les
9、s than不及,不如(3) than比(用比较级)在than的句式中有一点需要同学们特别注意:Im taller than any other student in my class这句话中用than连接的是I和any other student in my class两个部分,其实表示的是最高级的概念,译为“我比我们班其他同学都要高”,其中any other是固定搭配,译为“任何其他的”,同时在比较级中为了避免重复,在than后常用one,that,those等词来替代前面提到过的名词。而a little,much,a lot,even,still可用来专门修饰比较级,但不能在比较级前加s
10、o,too,very,quite等。2) 最高级的范围:最高级用于三者或三者以上的人或事物之间的比较,表示在众多人或事物中,其中一个“最”。最高级在结构上和比较级有两个明显的区别标志:(1)一般用the限定最高级的范围,也可以说,现阶段the就是最高级的主要标志。但是,当形容词最高级前有序数词、物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限定词修饰时,最高级前不加the,副词最高级前的the通常也是省略的。(2) 最高级后面往往用of,in,among或用从句修饰表示形容词的最高级的比较范围, 如:This is the best film that I have ever seen.在表示“第二、第三”
11、时,可在最高级前加“second, third”6还有如下的固定结构也要多加注意(1) 比较级十and+比较级意为“越来越”如:hotter and hotter,more and more important(2) The+比较级,the+比较级“越就越”如:The bigger, the better.越大越好。(3) 表示“是几倍”时用“twice;three times等+asas”,如:He has four times as many books as I have.(4)“the 比较级of+两者”“两者中较的一个”,如:Lucy is the younger of the tw
12、ins(5) 表示两者相差多少用“具体数量+比较级”,如:My brother is two years older than me7. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的不规则变化原 级比 较 级最 高 级good(好的)well(健康的)betterbestbad(坏的)ill(有病的)worseworstold(老的)older/ elderoldest / eldestmuchmany(多的)moremostlittle(少的)lessleastfar(远的)farther/ furtherfarthest / furthest考题精讲【例1】 We are glad to see our
13、 hometown is developing _ these years than ever before. A. much more quickly B. quickly C. very quickly D. most quickly【解析】本题考查副词比较级的用法,是一句带有than的比较级的句子,将these years和even before相比较,而通常副词的比较级用more构成,同时a little,much,a lot,even, still等可用来专门修饰比较级。因此正确答案为A。【例2】Why does he look so_?Did he sleep well last
14、night? A. interested B. frightened C. tired D. surprised【解析】look意为“看上去”,是连系动词。连系动词后接形容词作表语,表示人的情绪特征或状态。从整句的意思来看,是想表达昨晚没睡好所表现出的疲倦,因此C为正确答案。【例3】Everything weve seen and heard in Beijing is _in the history of the Olympic Games. A. the most exciting B. more exciting C. more exciting than D. most excitin
15、g【解析】这主要是掌握对最高级的用法。本题目中everything和in Beijing都可以提示句子想表达的是最高级。因此正确答案是A。【例4】“Would you like me to show you the way?”the volunteer said_to the tourist A. lovely B. likely C. kindly D. friendly【解析】在英语中并不是以ly结尾的就都是副词,如本题中的friendly,lovely,likely就是以ly结尾的形容词。而从本题结构可以清晰看出这里所要的是对said这个动词的修饰。因此答案只能选kindly这个副词了。
16、考点精练I. Choose the best answer1.Thanks to Elaine. With her help, we finished the work an hour_. A. earlyB. earlierC. earliestD. the earliest2. Jack, how are you feeling today?Much. I think I can go to school tomorrow. A. goodB. betterC. wellD. best3.A survey showed that Jingjing and Huanhuan wereamon
17、g the five Olympic mascots. A. popularB. more popularC. most popularD. the most popular4.We feel that we can sing asas the pop stars when we are singing Karaoke.A. wellB. betterC. bestD. good5. Talking is easier than doing.Yes. Wed betterand. Doing should go first.A. to talk less; do moreB. talk les
18、s; do moreC. talking less; do moreD. talk more; do less6.When the music started, everyone in the hall began to keep_. A. noisyB. quietC. quietlyD. slowly7.The Yellow River isthan any other river in northern China. A. longB. longerC. the longestD. longest8.Mary lost her key. She cant find itnow. A. s
19、omewhereB. anywhereC. everywhereD. any way9.Tell meyoure getting on with your friends at school.A. whatB. whyC. whereD. how10.Chusovitian felt like an 18-year-old girl when she won the silver medal on the vault (跳马银牌). She felt_at that time. A. interestingB. excitedC. excitingD. beautiful11.Every st
20、udent likes Miss Green because she always talks to them. A. politelyB. lovelyC. friendlyD. luckily12.We couldbelieve that Bill had worked soin the countryside.A. hardly; hardly B. hard; hardC. hard; hardly D. hardly; hard13.George wasnt used to telling lies. His face turned.A. redB. cleanC. sadlyD.
21、happily14.Shanghais new landmark the World Financial Building is the first _building in Asia. A. the tallestB. tallestC. tallerD. tall15.In winter thethe snow is, the happier the children are. A. heavyB. heavierC. heavilyD. the heaviest1-5 BBDAB 6-10 BBBDB 11-15 ADABBStep 2动词种类学习1、动词的分类:类 别意 义例 句实义动
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