名词性从句(共9页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上名词性从句 一、 定义：名词性从句是指在句子中功能相当于名词的从句。通常由that, if/whether, how, what和其它疑问词等充当连接词所引导的从句，其功能同名词一样。二、类型：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句三、引导词连接词词义功能that无词义不作成分，只起连接作用whether/if是否不作成分，起连接作用what, which什么，哪个作主语、宾语、表语who, whom, whose谁，谁的作主语、宾语、定语when, where,how, why什么时候，什么地方怎么样，为什么作状语、表语how many/much多少作定语how

2、soon/often/long/much多久，多久一次，多长， 作状语.词义及功能同疑问词whatever=anything that无论什么作主语、宾语、表语、定语whosever=anyone whose无论谁的作主语、宾语、定语、表语whichever=anything that无论哪个作宾语、定语、主语、表语whoever=anyone who无论谁作主语whomever=anyone whom无论谁作宾语四、考点1.连接词 根据成份和句意确定；2.语序 陈述句的语序；3.时态 主句为一般现在时从句为任何所需的时态，主句为一般过去时从句为过去时的一种，表真理性的句子除外（一直用一般现在

3、时）。五、用法1、主语从句：在复合句中做主句的主语。引导词有连词that (that 不可省),whether（不可用if）; 代词有who, what ,which; 副词 when ,where, how, why 等。如:A. That he is a famous singer is known to us. (=It is known to us that he is a famous singer. It作形式主语)B. When he will go to America is not yet fixed. (=It is not yet fixed when he will g

4、o to America.)注意点通常用it 作形式主语的结构A：It is 名词从句It is a fact / an honor / common knowledge/a surprise/a pity that.B: It is 形容词从句It is natural/strange/important/necessary/ that.(should+do)It is possible/likely/clear/that.C: It不及物动词从句It seems/appears/happens/turns out/occurs to sb. /counts(matters) /that.D

5、: It 过去分词从句It is reported/said/believed/considered/thought/known/announced that.it 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较it 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that, 被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom, 去掉it is that可以恢复原句。辨析：It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film._It doesnt interest me whe

6、ther you succeed or not. _It was on Monday night that all this happened. _Its me that he blamed. _2.宾语从句：在复合句中做主句的宾语，通常放在主句谓语动词，介词或形容词之后。引导词有连词that (that 常可省略),whether, if 代词有who, whose, what ,which; 副词 when ,where, how, why 等。注意点动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe，guess，suppose，assume等后有宾语补足语时，

7、则需要用it作形式宾语，而将that宾语从句后置。如：I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day. I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.hate，like，dislike，love, appreciate等表示“喜欢；痛恨”的动词后有宾语补足语时，需要用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。如：I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food. Ill appreciate it if you can

8、come.宾语从句的否定转移。将think，believe，suppose，expect，imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。如：I dont think I know you. 我想我并不认识你。I dont believe he will come. 我相信他不回来。3、表语从句：在复合句中做主句的表语，常放在be, look, seem等系动词之后。引导词有连词that (that 不可省),whether; 代词有who, what ,which;副词 when ,where, how, why 等，此外becaus

9、e，as if等也可引导表语从句。如:注意点如果句子的主语是suggestion, advice, order等名词时, 后面引导的表语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略。如：A. My advice is that we (should) carry out the plan as soon as possible.B. His order is that all the soldiers (should) go to bed before the oclock.注意辨析句式：The reason is that. / The reason for sth.is that/ T

10、he reason why+从句is that/It is because 如：A. The reason for his absence is that he hasnt been informed. =B. The reason why_ is that he hasnt been informed.C. His absence is _ he hasnt been informed.注意A is to B what C is to D 句式。如：A. Air is to us what water is to fish.B. Exercise is to body what knowle

11、dge is to mind.4、同位语从句：在句中起同位语的作用,一般放在名词 fact, news, idea, promise, thought, suggestion, advice, evidence, word, truth, possibility, message等之后,用以说明或解释前面的名词。引导词有连that(that 不可以省略)；少数情况下也可用连接副词等。注意点如果名词suggestion, advice, order等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形,should可省略。注意同位语从句和定语从句的区别：相同点：从句前都有一个名词不同点：定语从句

12、中关系词代替先行词在从句中做成分;而在同位语从句中连接词不做成分。定语从句是对前面的名词进行修饰，同位语从句是对前面的名词进行解释说明。辨析: 1) The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. ( )2) The news that you told us is really encouraging. ( )3) The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. ( )4) The suggest

13、ion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical. 5) Theyputforwardthequestionwheretheycouldgetthemoney. ( )6) Thisistheplacewheretheaccidenthappened. ( )六、名词性从句的注意点1.注意that 的用法(that引导名词性从句时在从句中不做任何成分，也没有具体的意义。其他连接词在引导从句时都做相应的成分并有具体的意思。)主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如

14、：宾语从句中的连接词that只有做动词宾语从句连接词时可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略：当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入that不可省略；当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉；当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不能省；e.g. Hejudgedthat becausehewasachild,hedidnotunderstand what he had said.e.g. Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.e.g.Thereasonliesinthatsheworkshardert

15、hantheothersdo.2. whether和if的用法whether和if在动词宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。后面直接跟ornot时用whether。主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句中只能用whether。如：whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。：Ihavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot.whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”，而if不能。If表示“如果”时，不能用whether。如：Whetherhecomesornot,wewillbegino

16、urpartyontime.If I have enough time, I will play football.3.疑问词+ever和nomatter+疑问词的区别：疑问词+ever可引导名词性从句，在从句中要充当一定的部分，还可引导让步状语从句。如：Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished,nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.4.名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致、主谓一致、语序宾语从句中主句和

17、从句的时态保持一致，但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象，虽然主句是过去时态，从句仍用一般现在时。如：Hello,IdidntknowyouwereinLondon.Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsataveryhighspeed.主语从句做主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。如：Whenthemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecidedyet.Whentheywillst

18、artandwheretheygohavenotbeendecidedyet.Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecided.名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如：Heaskedmewhatwasthematterwithme.Weveheardthenewsthatwellmoveintothenewhouse.Whateveryousaywillinterestusall.6、几个固定句式： 强调句 It is/was +强调部分that.(如果强调部分是疑问词) 如：Who is it that spoke first? I wondere

19、d _.When was it that they came here? We didnt know _. I just wonder _ that makes him so excited.A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is 关于doubtsb. doubt if/whether.sb. dont/doesnt doubt that .There is no doubt that . Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _a cure for AIDS

20、will be found.A. which B. that C. what D. whetherI doubt _ that was _he wanted. 我不能确定那是否他所要的。 疑问词do you think+(用陈述句语序)Who do you think we invited to give us the talk?Who do you suggest (should) be sent to work there?名词性从句专项练习1. Nobodyknew .A. wherehecomesB. wherehewasfromC. whereheisfromD. wheredoes

21、hecomefrom2. Excuseme, wouldyoupleasetellme ?A. whenthesportsmeeting would take place B. whenwasthesportsmeetinggoingtobeheldC. whenisthesportsmeetingtobegin D. whenthesportsmeetingistotakeplace3. We students got lost in the forest and decided to remain _we were and waited for the guide. A. where B.

22、 what C. how D. who4. Please put the medicine on the top of the shelf. Its _our children cant reach it. A. what B. that C. where D. how5. Sorry, Im so late, but you cannot imagine great trouble I took finding your house. A. what B. how C. why D. when6. The result was far beyond we had expected, brou

23、ght great joy to everyone of us. A. which; which B. which; that C. what; what D. what; which7. It is difficult to fill the minds of kids with the idea they must love study. A. which B. what C. whether D. that 8. It could be judged from her eyes she was terribly sorry for what she had done. A. what B

24、. which C. that D. where 9. -Would you please explain to me about the difference between the two words?-Im sorry, but thats Im puzzled about. A. why B. what C. which D. where10. surprises us most is she doesnt even know the difference between the two opinions lies. A. It; that; which B. What; that;

25、whatC. What; that; where D. That; what; where11. Faced with challenges, you should believe your courage is makes a difference. A. that B. what C. which D. whatever12. The companies are working together to create they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. A. which B. that C. w

26、hat D. who13. Professor Backman took up scientific research for decades, and this is he devoted all his life to.A. which B. what C. where D. how14. Word came a gas explosion in a coal mine in northeast China Heilongjiang Province had killed 104 miners by Nov. 23 and left further 4 trapped, shocked e

27、veryone. A. that; it B. where; that C. that; which D. when; it 15. As a matter of fact, much of we read on the Internet every day is groundless or nonsense. A. that B. which C. what D. it16. _ was known to us all that Johnson had broken his promise he would give each of us a small gift. A. As; which

28、 B. What; that C. It; that D. It; which17. -Which can I take, Mr. Smith?-Take one you like and leave the others for comes late.A. whoever; who B. whichever; who C. whatever; whom D. whichever; whoever18. She has been in doctors describe as a vegetative (植物人的) state for six years. A. what B. which C.

29、 that D. how19. The manager in the end decided to give the chance to he believed had a good command of English. A. who B. anyone C. whoever D. whomever20. I have the same opinion as you the privacy of ones life should be kept secret. A. that B. which C. whether D. what21. Id like to offer this job t

30、o I believe is responsible for it.A. whoever B. Whom C. no matter whom D. no matter who22. Can you explain most deserts are located near the west coast of the continents?A. why is it that B. why it is that C. how it is that D. how is it that23. The fact has worried many scientists the earth is becom

31、ing warmer and warmer these years. A. what B. which C. that D. though24. -You know, Im poor in Chinese, you are not good at English, and -Thats _ we should help each other. A. when B. whereC. howD. what25. Watch out! _ caught smoking here shall be fined. A. WhoeverB. WhomeverC. AnyoneD. No matter wh

32、o26. What impresses me most is _he appears in front of others, he wears a sincere and charming smile.A. what B. which C. that where D. that whenever27. Pupils usually would like to take _ advice their teachers give. A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whenever28. My parents dont care _ my pocket

33、money goes, but one thing is sure: the money spent must be worthwhile. A. why B. when C. where D. how29. -Excuse me, but have you ever seen my book?-Sorry, I am not sure, a person just took a book away, but I dont know _. A. whereB. whichC. whatD. whose30. Dads coming. What present _ for your birthd

34、ay?A. you expect he has got B. you expect has he gotC. do you expect he has got D. do you expect has he got31. The whole family were worried about Jane because no one was aware _ she had gone. A. that where B. of the place which C. of what D. of where32. Talking of the car accident, there is in toda

35、ys paper an accurate account of _it happened last night. A. whichB. howC. whenD. what33. When _ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved.A. asked whatB. asked that C. asking whomD. asking which34. It is _ you deal with difficulties that shows _ you are really like. A.

36、what; what B. how; what C. how; that D. which; how35. _ has recently been done to provide more buses for people, a shortage of public vehicles remains a serious problem. A. That B. What C. In spite of what D. Though what36. I dont say I am against their plan. But the trouble is _ they do doesnt agre

37、e with what they say.A. what that B. that what C. if what D. what if37. Being a good listener is a kind of quality and thats _ it takes to keep friendship. A. how B. what C. which D. where38. After ten years absence she came back，only to find her old house was not _it used to be. A. whichB. whatC. w

38、henD. how39. After _ seemed hours of waiting in line, finally it was my turn to take the oral exam.A. that B. it C. what D. which40. It was not until dark _he found _he thought was the correct way to solve the problem. A. when; what B. when; that C. that; what D. that; that 41. Having checked the do

39、ors were closed, and _ all the lights were off, the woman opened the door to her bedroom. A. whyB. thatC. whenD. where42. It never occurred to humans until the mid-1990s _ some animals can be cloned. A. where B. that C. when D. what43. As far as I see, _ is no possibility _ he will win the tennis ma

40、tch this time. A. it; thatB. there; thatC. it; whetherD. there; whether44. Susans way of life is different from her brothers in _ she has never prepared for her old age. A. it B. that C. which D. what45. Liquids are like solids _ they have a definite volume.A. in that B. so that C. with that D. for that46. We should consider the students request _the school library provide more books on popular science.A. that B. when C. which D. where47. Thomas set off leaving word with his daughter _ he would come back soon. A. who B. when