高考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析(共17页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上高考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析一、高中英语阅读理解1阅读理解 To fight for the conservation of forest ecosystem, several ecologists including Daniel Janzen convinced Del Oro, an orange juice producer, to donate part of their forestland to a national park. In return, Del Oro was allowed to throw large amounts of wa

2、ste in the form of orange peels (皮) on a 3-hectare piece of land within the national park at no cost. Dealing with tons of leftover peels usually involved burning them or paying to have them poured into a landfill, so the proposal was very attractive. But a year later, another juice company challeng

3、ed the deal in court, arguing that their competitor was “polluting a national park”. They ended up winning, and the deal between Del Oro and the national park fell through. Then in 2013, while discussing possible research avenues with Timothy Treuer, Daniel Janzen mentioned the orange story. Feeling

4、 interested, Treuer decided to stop by that piece of land that had been covered with fruit waste 15 years earlier. What he found shocked him. “While I would walk over exposed rock and dead grass in the nearby fields, Id have to climb through undergrowth and cut paths through walls of vines (藤) in th

5、e orange peel site itself.” said Timothy Treuer. Treuer and his team spent months picking up samples (样品), analyzing and comparing them. They found great differences between the areas covered with orange peels and those that were not. The area with orange waste had richer soil. The effect that the o

6、range peels had on the land is probably not that surprising to people familiar with composting (施肥), but what is really shocking is that a judge actually thought the waste of orange “mined” a national park and stopped it from going forward. Now that Timothy Treuers study has received worldwide atten

7、tion, this type of “ruining” is being seriously considered as a way of bringing forests back to life.（1）What did Del Oro usually do with orange peels? A.Add them to fuel.B.Throw them into a national park.C.Bum or bury them.D.Make them into cakes.（2）What can we know about the deal between Del Oro and

8、 the national park? A.It lasted 15 years.B.It was signed by Treuer.C.It was made in about 1998.D.It was broken by Del Oro.（3）What was Treuers finding? A.Orange peels contain much fibre.B.Orange peels can make soil richer.C.Orange peels rot away in a short time.D.Orange waste ruined the national park

9、.（4）What is the authors attitude toward the judge mentioned in the last paragraph? A.Disapproving.B.Positive.C.Worried.D.Admirable.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）B（4）A 【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了橘子皮对土壤的积极作用。（1）细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句话Dealing with tons of leftover peels usually involved burning them or paying to have them pou

10、red into a landfill, 可知，之前处理橘子皮一般要烧掉或花钱请人掩埋掉。故答案为C。（2）推理判断题。根据第三段Then in 2013, while discussing possible research avenues with Timothy Treuer, Daniel Janzen mentioned the orange story. Feeling interested, Treuer decided to stop by that piece of land that had been covered with fruit waste 15 years ea

11、rlier.可以推断出，15年前 Del Oro与national park 达成协议，往公园里倾倒橘子皮，但一年后由于其他果汁公司的挑战终止了。故答案为C。（3）细节理解题。根据文章第五段They found great differences between the areas covered with orange peels and those that were not. The area with orange waste had richer soil.可知，他们发现被倾倒过橘子皮的地土壤更丰富。故答案为B。（4）推理判断题。根据文章最后一段but what is really

12、shocking is that a judge actually thought the waste of orange “mined” a national park and slopped it from going forward.可知，这位法官认为橘子皮毁坏了公园的发展，而作者在文中最后一句话this type of “ruining” is being seriously considered as a way of bringing forests back to life.指出，研究表明，橘子皮实际上使森林恢复了生机，所以作者不赞成法官的观点。故答案为A。【点评】阅读理解细节题

13、解题技巧：1）语义转换题-跳读查找法：根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定最佳答案。2）生活应用题-常识理解法：在读懂文章的基础上结合一定的生活常识进行判断。3）细节排序题-首尾定位法：根据动作发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。4）寻找信息题-题干定位法：寻找信息题一般为功能阅读题，主要形式有广告、公告、演出信息、航班时间表等。2阅读理解 Forcing waiters and waitresses to survive on tips from customers rather than normal wages is a pointle

14、ss, crude, and unique American custom that, in the past several years, a handful of progressive restaurant owners have attempted to do away with. Danny Meyer, CEO of Union Square Hospitality Group, is about to join their ranks and has announced that he plans to gradually stop tipping at the companys

15、 13 restaurants. What, exactly, is wrong with tipping? As Brian Palmer has explained, more or less its everything. To start, leaving a waiters pay in the hands of customers has a feeling of classism (阶级歧视). And in theory, handing restaurant customers the power to tip is at least supposed to motivate

16、 better service. This fails in practice because humans turn out to be pretty arbitrary (随意的) about their tipping behavior. Research has shown that the amount diners tip has very little to do with their level of satisfaction. All of this doesnt encourage waiters and waitresses to do anything but turn

17、 over as many tables as possible. Tipping is also very unfair to kitchen staff. The law allows restaurants to divide tips between front-of-the-house workers like waiters, hosts, hostesses, and bartenders (调酒师), but not cooks. This creates a system in which the people serving the food in a restaurant

18、 can earn more than the people preparing it. One of the most fascinating parts of Meyers move is that, unlike some restaurant owners who have taken an anti-tipping stand, he wont simply add a standard extra charge to diners bills. Rather, Union Square Hospitality Group means to raise menu prices eno

19、ugh to fully cover the cost of a meal. If Meyer manages to move away from tipping at all without hurting his profits, it would almost certainly set the stage for others to follow suit.（1）Whats Danny Meyers attitude towards stopping tipping? A.Negative.B.Supportive.C.Objective.D.Doubtful.（2）What can

20、be inferred from Paragraph 2? A.Tipping may disturb the restaurants management.B.Tipping will guarantee diners high quality service.C.Tipping can arouse the staffs enthusiasm for work.D.Tipping will bring customers a sense of satisfaction.（3）What can we know about Union Square Hospitality group? A.B

21、rian Palmer is in charge of it now.B.Its cooks earn much more than its servers.C.Restaurant tipping has been totally banned there.D.Diners will be charged more for the dishes there.（4）What is the topic of the passage? A.Restaurants getting rid of tipping.B.Difficulties that restaurants are faced wit

22、h.C.The popularity of no-tipping restaurants.D.Tips on running restaurants successfully.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D（4）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，介绍了强迫服务员和侍者靠顾客的小费，而不是正常的工资维持生计是一种毫无意义、粗鲁、独特的美国风俗，过去几年，一些进步的餐馆老板试图消除这种风俗。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Danny Meyer, CEO of Union Square Hospitality Group, is about to join their ranks and

23、 has announced that he plans to gradually stop tipping at the companys 13 restaurants.”可知Danny Meyer宣布他计划逐步停止在该公司13家餐厅给小费，这表明他对停止给小费是支持的，故选B。（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“leaving a waiters pay in the hands of customers has a feeling of classism (阶级歧视)This fails in practice because humans turn out to be pretty a

24、rbitrary (随意的) about their tipping behavior.”和“All of this doesnt encourage waiters and waitresses to do anything but turn over as many tables as possible.”可知给服务员小费有一个阶级歧视的感觉，由于人类的随意性并不能达到预期效果，起不到鼓励服务员的作用。这些都会扰乱饭店的管理，故选A。（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Rather, Union Square Hospitality Group means to raise menu p

25、rices enough to fully cover the cost of a meal.”可知Union Square Hospitality Group打算提高菜单价格，这样顾客就会为饭菜多支付钱，故选D。（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Danny Meyer, has announced that he plans to gradually stop tipping at the companys 13 restaurants.”点明了本文主要内容，下文介绍了给小费的不良影响及Danny Meyer这一举动的意义。本文是围绕禁止给小费这一事件写的，Restaurants gett

26、ing rid of tipping适合作为标题，故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。3阅读理解 This is my son Matthews last night at home before college. I know that this is good news. I feel proud that Matthew will go to a great school. I know that this is finest hour. But looking at the suit

27、cases on his bed sends me out of the room to a hidden corner where I cant stop crying. Through the sorrow, I feel a rising embarrassment. Pull yourself together! I tell myself. There are parents sending their kids off to battle zones. How dare I feel so shocked and upset? One of the great gifts of m

28、y life has been having my boys, Matthew and Johnowen. Through them, I have explored the mysterious, complicated bond between fathers and sons. As my wife and I raised them, I have discovered the love and loss between my father and me. After my parents divorce，I spent weekends with my dad in Ohio. By

29、 the time Sunday came around, I was unable to enjoy the days activities because I was already afraid of the goodbye of the evening. Now，standing among Matthews accumulation of possessions, I realize its me who has become a boy again. All my sadness and longing to hold on to things are back, sweeping

30、 over me as they did when I was a child. His bed is tidy and spare. It already has the feel of a guest bed. In my mind I replay wrapping him in his favorite blanket. That was our nightly routine until one evening he said, Daddy, I dont think I need a blanket tonight. I think of all the times we lay

31、among the covers reading. I look at the bed and think of all the recent times I was annoyed at how late he was sleeping. Ill never have to worry about that again, I realize. For his part, Matthew has been a rock. He is treating his leaving as just another day at the office. And Im glad. After all, s

32、omeones got to be strong. Im proud that he is charging into the first chapter of his adult life with such confidence.（1）What does the writer mean by Pull yourself together!? A.Get up.B.Cheer up.C.Pull up.D.Wake up.（2）We can infer from the passage that_. A.the writer is accustomed to sleeping earlyB.

33、Matthew doesnt get on well with his fatherC.Matthew is ready for his new lifeD.the writer wasnt brave enough to face his parents divorce（3）How does the writer feel about his sons leaving for college? A.Worried.B.Grateful.C.Relieved.D.Bittersweet.（4）Which of the following could be the best title of t

34、he text? A.Unavoidable GoodbyeB.Sweet MemoriesC.Glorious MomentD.Unconditional Love【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）D（4）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者的儿子即将去上大学，作者很不放心，感觉自己很孤独，同时又为自己的儿子感到骄傲。作者明白这是儿子成长道路上的必经之路，也是父子俩不可避免的分离。（1）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“There are parents sending their kids off to battle zones.How dare I feel so shocked and

35、upset?”有父母还把他们的孩子送去战场，我怎么能如此震惊和心烦呢？由此推断出作者是在安慰自己，高兴起来，故选B。（2）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Im proud that he is charging into the first chapter of his adult life with such confidence.”可知作者为自己儿子自信的开启成人生活的第一篇章，感到自豪，由此推断出Matthew对他的新生活做好了准备，故选C。（3）考查推理判断。通过阅读文章可知，作者的儿子去上大学，作者很不放心，感觉自己很孤独，同时又为自己的儿子感到骄傲，由此推知作者对于儿子上大学，苦乐

36、参半，故选D。（4）考查主旨大意。这篇文章讲了作者的儿子即将去上大学，作者很不放心，感觉自己很孤独，同时又为自己的儿子感到骄傲。作者明白这是儿子成长道路上的必经之路，也是父子俩不可避免的分离，故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。4阅读理解 American college students are becoming more adventuresome as they study abroad, showing less interests in English-s

37、peaking destinations such as Great Britain and Australia and more in such countries as China, India, Argentina and Brazil. Britain remained the most popular study destination in 2005, according to annual figures from the Institute of International Education, followed by Italy, Spain and France. But

38、the number of American students studying in Britain and Australia descended a little, even as the number of American students abroad rose by 8%. The growth came in non-English speaking European countries and in Asia. China is now the eighth most popular destination for American students, attracting

39、nearly 6,400 in 2005, up 35% from the number of the year before. Argentina and India saw increases of more than 50%. Allan Goodman, president of the Institute of International Education, said that a range of factors contributed to the trend, from growing awareness of globalization after the terroris

40、t attacks on September 11, 2001, to programs such as former President Bushs National Security Language Initiative, which trains soldiers, intelligence officers and diplomats in foreign languages. “What Americans are doing is waking up and discovering theres a world out there,” he said. Other figures

41、 showed the flow of students in the opposite direction, from foreign countries into American universities. The institute found that international enrollment (入学) in American higher education remained steady at about 565,000. The figures are of keen interest to universities, which depend on foreign s

42、tudents for teaching and research help, and to policy-makers, who consider it important, as future foreign leaders may be familiar with the United States. The year of 2005 saw big increases in students from South Korea, Mexico and Taiwan of China. India sends the most students and China is No.2. Oth

43、er countries that show large percentage increases in the number of students sent to the US include Nepal and Vietnam, while Japan, Turkey and Malaysia saw declines. About 58% of international students in the US come from Asia.（1）What does the underlined word “descended” in Paragraph 2 means? A.Chang

44、ed.B.Declined.C.Multiplied.D.Increased.（2）Why do more American students study in Asia? A.They expect to get more teaching and research help.B.They lose confidence in English-speaking countries.C.They are afraid that terrorist attacks will happen again.D.They prefer to explore a different world from

45、their own.（3）Where were most foreign students in America from in 2005? A.China.B.India.C.Argentina.D.Britain.（4）What can we infer from the passage? A.There were 6,400 American students studying in China in 2005.B.Chinese students to America will overpass Indians in the future.C.International enrollment in American higher education changed a lot.D.