美国文学期末考试-诗歌赏析部分(共11页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Philip Freneau1.野金银花美丽的金银花，你粲然绽放于幽静一角。芳菲满枝,无人垂顾，迎风起舞,无人注目。游子从不践踏你的玉体，过客从不催落你的泪滴。造化令你素裹银妆，你得以远离庸人的目光她赐予你一片绿荫葱葱她带给你一泓流水淙淙恬静的夏日倏然流淌你终于红衰翠减，玉殒香消妩媚动人，你却无法盛颜久长落红满地，你令我黯然神伤纵然在伊甸乐园，人间天堂也难免一日凋零，满目凄凉萧瑟秋风，凄白秋霜你终于消失得无影无踪朝霞幕露孕育了你娇小的身躯你从尘土来，又归尘土去来时一无所有，去时化作尘土可叹生命苦短你终究红消香断Background: The short lyric w

2、as written in 1786. Freneau was inspired by the beauty of the wild honey suckle when he was walking at Chaeleston, South Carolina. As is displayed in this poem, honeysuckle, instead of rose of daffodil became the object of depiction; it is “wild” just to convey the fresh perception of the natural sc

3、enes on the new continent. The flowers, similar to the early Puritan settlers, used to believe they were the selects of God to be arranged on the abundant land, but now have to wake up from fantasy and be more respectful to natural law. Theme:themutabilityofflowersandbyextensionthetransienceofhumanl

4、ife. Time is constant but the time of a life is short; any favor is relative but change is absolute; with or without the awareness, nature develops; flowers were born, blossomed and declined to repose, and human beings would exist in exactly the same way. A philosophical meditation is indicated by t

5、he description of the fate of a trivial wild plant. In this poem, the poet expresses a keen awareness of the loveliness and transience of nature. It implies that life and death are inevitable law of nature. In addition, the poet writes with the strong implication that, though in the work no one is p

6、resented in person, human beings at times envy the flower. This is seen not because the “roving foot” would “crush”; nor that the “busy hand” would “provoke a tear”; nor because of the “vulgar eye”, but because of the fact that the human being has the ability to foresee his death. Whereas, the flowe

7、r, with its happy ignorance, lacks this consciousness and is completely unaware of its doom. Its innocence left it happier than the foreseeing human beings. Unfortunately, the human beings are quite unwilling to refuse this knowledge and that arouses all their sufferings. Rhyme and analysis: Form Fo

8、ur six-line stanzas iambic tetrameter 四音步抑扬格 soft-strong-soft-strong-soft-strong-soft-strong Fair flower, that dost so comely grow rhymed on ababcc pattern Following the traditional European model, the lyric is written in regular 6-line tetrameter stanzas, rhyming “ababcc”, and sounds just like musi

9、c. But in order to accord with the change in tone and topic in Stanza 3, the rhythmic pattern is varied. Different from the rest the poem which is written in smooth iambic tetrameter lines, the third line of the stanza - “They died” - begins with a “spondee” (two stressed beats in a row) and, after

10、forcing the reader to pause (the dash), continues in a highly irregular rhythm with an intensification of stressed beats. The purpose is obvious: the speaker wants to drive the horrible message home, to let the reader feel the impact acutely. But as we progress into the last stanza, when a more matu

11、re view of life and death is adopted, the rhythms are restored to the original regularity as the tone assumes a tempered serenity grown out of experience. The wild honey suckle is, in the poets eye, no longer a common flower. In the first two stanzas, to start with, Freneau devoted more attention to

12、 the environment of the flower in which he found it than to the appearance of the flower per se. He commented on the secluded nature of the place where the honey suckle grew, drawing a conclusion that it was due to Natures protectiveness that the flower was able to lead a peaceful life free from men

13、s disturbance and destruction. But the next stanza immediately changed the tone from silent admiration and appreciation to outright lamentation over the “futures doom” of the flower - even Nature was unable to save the flower from its death. Actually no flower, or no living being, can escape. Not ev

14、en the flowers that used to bloom in Eden. Thus from the flower in nature the poet started to ponder over the fate of man, who was bound to fall from his innocence and suffer from the despair of death as the result to his exile from Paradise. Just as kindly as nourished and protected the honey suckl

15、e in spring and summer, Nature will destroy ruthlessly the flower with its autumn and winter weapons. Understandthetitle:1.Thenamehoneysucklecomesfromthesweetnectarthattheflowerproducestointoxicatethegreedybee.Itspowerfulfragranceseducesthehumansensesasitpervadestheair.Theperfumeofthispassionateplan

16、tmayturnamaidenshead,hencewildhoneysuckleisasymbolofinconstancyinlove.2.Theword“wild”impliesherlivingplace;shelivesinwildernessnotinparadiseorhouse;soshewillnotbeappreciatedbyothersandfeelssorrowful.Alsoitimpliesthenature,sowecansaythewriterisdescribingthenature.William Cullen Bryant2.Thanatopsis（对死

17、亡的冥想）热爱自然的人与世间万象, 有着心神的交流，对他, 她可说各种各样的语言他高兴的时候，她声音喜悦, 微笑里透着高贵的美丽, 她潜入他的思索，带着温柔和抚慰的关切，未及他明白她就将痛苦带走，当最后的思想如灾难降临你的精神,悲痛的哀影，棺罩,令人窒息的黑暗，以及的房屋使你，并心生憎恨去开阔的田野吧，去听听,自然的教诲，听听那从里大地、河川和新鲜的空气中传来的静谧而寂寥的声音然而几天后，普照大地的太阳在它的行程里，也不见你的踪影；也不在冰冷的大地你含泪苍白的形体停放之处,也不在大海的怀抱存你的形象养育了你的大地要将你召回, 复归为尘土，消除人的痕迹你的个体服于此，你将永远与自然之中的万物共处

18、去做无情的草木和的兄弟掩藏在坚硬的泥土下，任由那粗野的情郎翻犁和践踏伸展的根须将刺穿你的躯体。不过，在你永恒的栖所你并不会独处，你也不能更多的奢华。你将与幼稚世界的尊者们并卧，有国王，地上的强者，有智者、善者仁者，以及的先知，在同一个里。山峦如太阳一样固执且陈旧，平静的沉思在原始的树林间伸展蜿蜒江河在尊贵里前行，而浇绿草原的溪流却带着汩汩的怨言，灌注世间的一切，古老的海洋是苍凉孤凄的而这一切不过是人类伟大坟冢的威严的装饰。金色的太阳众多的行星，一切的居所都照耀着死亡之的归处历经的静逝。一切行在世间的血肉也不过是安睡在其胸间的部族的一撮。攀上清晨的翅膀，穿越荒漠或自弃于绵延的丛林,河奔流不息的水

19、声充溢双耳尽管亡者齐聚，万千在那孤寂里隐身自打这多年的飞行，他们就卧在最后的睡眠里那里亡者独自统治。你也将这般歇息；假若你从生撤入沉寂，而无一亲朋注意到你的离去所有呼吸的人都将分享你的命运乐观的在你不在的时候欢笑严肃而关切的艰难前行。每个人都将一如既往地追求他们最心仪的幻影；尽管他们都将离开一切欢愉和觊觎，而前来筑榻于你之侧。随着生命的列车慢慢滑远，人类的子孙生命之春的青年，的中年、垂垂和少女的孩童，以及两鬓苍苍的老人都将一个个地来到你的身边更多的人也将追随他们而来所以活着，直到被召唤去加入那庞大的篷车旅行的队伍，向着神秘的王国前进，人人都将在死亡沉寂的殿堂里找到自己的房间不要像矿场的奴隶一样

20、在深夜被进黑暗的地牢；而要带着平静的抚慰和永恒的信仰，走进你的墓穴，打开你华丽的躺下去，进入乡。Theme：The authors view about death.3.To a waterfowlArranged in alternating rhymed quatrains, it expressed both the poets grateful view, at the close of a day of self-doubt and despair, of a solitary bird on the horizon, and his sense of a divine power

21、guiding and protecting everything in nature. Edgar Allan Poe4.To HelenThethemeofthisshortpoemisthebeautyofawoman.shetreatedhimkindlyandmayhaveurgedhimorperhapsinspiredhim. The theme of this short poem is the beauty of a woman with whom Poe became acquainted when he was 14.The poet compares himself t

22、o be Odysseus, who wandered for ten years to get home. Helen, the beauty, is his guide to come home. towritepoetry.Beautyinthepoemappearstorefertothewomanssoulaswellasherphysicalappearance.AsistypicalwithmanyofPoespoems,therhythmandrhymeschemeofToHelenisirregularbutmusicalinsound.Thepoemconsistsofth

23、reestanzasoffivelineseach,wheretheendrhymeofthefirststanzaisABABB,thatofthesecondisABABA,andthatofthethirdisABBAB.HisconcludingimageisthatoflightandHelenisthebeaconofhiminthelife.5. Annabel LeeContent:Thelovebetweenthenarratorandannabelleeisverystrongandpure.Thoughannabelleewaskilledbyachillingwinds

24、entbypeoplewhoenvytheirlove,theloveofthemremainsaliveeternalbecausethesoulsoftheloversremainunited.Themethepoetlooksbackintothedistantpasttoatimeinakingdombytheseawhereheandhisloverannabelleelived.theirlovewassogreatthateventhehighestrankofangels,enviedthemforit.Its in memory of his dead wife,thegen

25、eraltoneofthepoemissad.Rhyme:Traditionally, most poems are stanzaic. The poem of Annabel Lee is written in six stanzas, each stanza being composed of six to eight lines. The lines of each stanza seem to alternate. Part of the reason for the alternation of lines may be due to the aspect of rhyming an

26、d rhythm. In the instance where the lines vary, the flow of the poem would be disrupted if it were changed in any way. The repetition of the melodious long rhyme “see, Lee, me” gives a sense of solemnity and melancholy. The poet also uses internal rhyme, such as “beams” rhymes with “dreams”, “rise”

27、with “eyes” and “tide” with “side” to make the poem musical. The sound is like the insistent tolling of a bell, not unlike that sound of church-bells at a funeral, heavily beating on readers hearts. The poet places their great love “in a kingdom by the sea”, which indicates European classical flavor

28、. The sea and the bank symbol death and life. In this poem, there is not shinning sun and bright smile but colorless moonlight, billow sound and lonely sepulcher, which successfully evokes an air of sadness and desolation. Themethepoetlooksbackintothedistantpasttoatimeinakingdombytheseawhereheandhis

29、loverannabelleelived.theirlovewassogreatthateventhehighestrankofangels,enviedthemforit.Its in memory of his dead wife,thegeneraltoneofthepoemissad.Figures of speech: Inthispoem,thepoetpaygreatattentiononalliterationtocreatepleasingsoundpatterns.Walt Whitman6. Song of MyselfThemeSongofMyselfisallabou

30、tthehumanexperience.Thehumanexperience,here,meanswhatmenofthepast,presentandfuturehaveseen,touched,smelt,andheard.InthispoemWhitmanisexplaininghowallofhumanityislikeonelivingorganism,andnoonepartismoreimportantthantheother.Analysis Insection44ofSongofMyselfWhitmansays,Wehavethusfarexhaustedtrillions

31、ofwintersandsummers,Therearetrillionsahead,andtrillionsaheadofthem.Birthshavebroughtusrichnessandvariety,Andotherbirthswillbringusrichnessandvariety.Idonotcallonegreaterandonesmaller,Thatwhichfillsitsperiodandplaceisequaltoany.ItisclearthatWhitmanhadaperspectiveofthehumanraceanditshistorythatescaped

32、mostwriters.Morespecifically,Whitmanspeaksofequalcontributiontothehumanexperienceinsection42:Hereandtherewithdimesontheeyeswalking,Tofeedthegreedofthebellythebrainsliberallyspooning,Ticketsbuying,taking,selling,butintothefeastneveroncegoing,Manysweating,ploughing,thrashing,andthenthechaffforpaymentr

33、eceiving,Afewidlyowning,andtheythewheatcontinuallyclaiming.ThisisthecityandIamoneofthecitizens,Whateverintereststherestinterestsme,politics,wars,markets,newspapers,schools,Themayorandcouncils,banks,tariffs,steamships,factories,stocks,stores,realestateandpersonalestate.Emily Dickinson7. I Died for Be

34、auty-But Was ScarceThe last stanza shows the whole theme of the poem. No matter what people died for, their names would be faded away after time passed.SummaryThespeakersaysthatshediedforBeauty,butshewashardlyadjustedtohertombbeforeamanwhodiedforTruthwaslaidinatombnexttoher.Whenthetwosoftlytoldeacho

35、therwhytheydied,themandeclaredthatTruthandBeautyarethesame,sothatheandthespeakerwereBrethren.Thespeakersaysthattheymetatnight,asKinsmen,andtalkedbetweentheirtombsuntilthemossreachedtheirlipsandcoveredupthenamesontheirtombstones.Dickinson used personification and the conversation to create a kind of

36、life situation to the performance of the theme and tomake it be more vivid and drawing close to lifeIn the poetry，death seem8 that the person moved home from a familiar place to a stranger onetomb，at first he”was 8caree，Adjusted”，then tIIere was another arrived in the next room and they becameclose

37、neighbor，through communication，they found they were brothersThen they talked leisurely”between the Rooms Untilthe Moss had reached our lips一一And covered upour names 一”，now the tomb became their”room”Going to Heaven is just like going home，death is immortalityThis manner of presentation belongs to Di

38、ckinson uniquelyEmily Dickinson had used metaphor and symbolism to make her Poetry vivid and symbolicThe moss described by thePoet is not just a plant，but also is one kind has the symbolic significance thingThe moss grow mostly in the unvisitedplace，the moss therefore sires people one kind of silent

39、 even desolate feelingThis suggests the poet choose Solitary life in order to seek beauty and shows the determination tO die for beautyOverallthe poetry”I Died for Beauty-But Was Scarce”is not sorrowful but deep，simple but rich philosophicalHerMain key is positive and nobleIn the IIlind of Dickinson

40、,the poetry is the beautiful symb01And she devoted her life to seeking beauty in the poetry kingdomTo die for the beauty，this spirit is also a kind of immortality，to enter the eternalThe death is a real existence in the world，the poet studies death from different angles，it just shows her pursuit of

41、truthHer confusion with death is actually her deep understanding of life and love for the earthly life8.Because I Could Not Stop for Death Because I Could Not Stop for Death, which brims over with religious theme. As Dickinsons poems usually had no titles, and the first sentence of a poem is taken a

42、s its title.The poem begins with a leisurely image. At first, the protagonist feels totally at ease and the usually frightening death is described as if a familiar friend, gentle and polite. Continuingly, the poem is developed upon a basic metaphor that life is a journey. It was truly rather old a c

43、omparison, but Dickinson enriched it with her creativity and imagination: School, where Children strove -childhood; Fields of Gazing Grain-maturity; and Setting Sun-old age. Then “the Dews drew quivering and chill-” makes the protagonist feel terribly cold, which may mean that they are getting neare

44、r and nearer to the tomb. But at last, his companions, Immortality and Death, finally desert him and leave him alone to go toward Eternity.So it seems that though death cheats him and at the same time deserts him, the experience of death itself is not painful. Emily Dickinsons poems just explain thi

45、s kind of essence of life, which then lead you to a world of imagination and thinking.In this poem, Dickinson describes dying and immortality in the dominant metaphor of a carriage on a journey.In Stanza 1, Death, accompanied by Immortality, stops to pick up the speaker in a carriage. In stanzas 2-4

46、, they journey, leaving earthly life behind them (labor, leisure, children, grain, setting sun). In stanza 5, they pause before the grave (swelling of the ground), and stanza 6 depicts the speaker centuries later, speaking from eternity.Ezra Pound8.In a Station of the Metro这几张脸在人群中幻景般闪现；湿漉漉的黑树枝上花瓣数点。（飞白）Theme:Thispoemisanobs