1996年专业英语八级考试真题.doc

《1996年专业英语八级考试真题.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《1996年专业英语八级考试真题.doc（18页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、1996年专业英语八级考试真题 TESTFORENGLISHMAJORS(1996) -GRADEEIGHT- 试卷一(95min) PARTILISTENINGCOMPREHENSION(40MIN) InsectionsA,BandC,youwillheareverythingONCEONLY,listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.MarkthecorrectresponseforeachquestiononyourColoredAnswerSheet. SECTIONATALK Questions1to5refertothe

2、talkinthissection.Attheendofthetalkyouwillbegiven15secondstoanswereachofthefollowingfivequestions.Nowlistentothetalk. 1.Thespeakerthinksthat. A.carcausespollutiononlyinsomecities B.60%ofthecitiesareaffectedbycarpollution C.90%ofthecityresidentssufferfromcarpollution D.caristhemaincontributingfactori

3、npollutingair 2.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasacauseofcarpollution? A.Cartyres. B.Carengines. C.Carhorns. D.Carbrakes. 3.Whichofthefollowingisnotcitedasameanstoreducethenumberofcars? A.Topasslawstocontroltheuseofcars. B.Toimprovepublictransportsystems. C.Toincreasecartaxandcarprice. D.Toconstru

4、cteffectivesubwaysystems. 4.Oneofthemechanicalsolutionstocarpollutionis. A.tochangethemechanicalstructureoffuel B.toimproveontheexhaustpipe C.toexperimentwithnewengines D.tomonitortheamountofchemicals 5.Accordingtothespeaker.asensiblewaytosolvecarpollutionisthatweshould _. A.focusononemethodonly B.e

5、xploresomeotheralternatives C.improveoneofthefourmethods D.integrateallofthefourmethods - SECTIONBINTERVIEW Questions6to10arebasedonaninterviewwithanarchitect.Attheendoftheinterviewyouwillbegiven13secondstoanswereachofthefollowingfivequestions.Nowlistentotheinterview. 6.Theintervieweesfirstjobwaswit

6、h. A.anewspaper B.thegovernment Caconstructionfirm D.aprivatecompany 7.Theintervieweeisnotself-employedmainlybecause. A.hiswifelikeshimtoworkforafirm B.heprefersworkingforthegovernment C.self-employedworkisverydemanding D.self-employedworkissometimesinsecure 8.Tostudyarchitectureinauniversityonemust

7、. A.beinterestedinarts B.studypuresciencefirst C.getgoodexamresults D.begoodatdrawing 9.Onthesubjectofdrawing,theintervieweesaysthat. A.technicallyspeakingartistsdrawverywell B.anartistsdrawingdifferslittlefromanarchitects C.precisionisavitalskillforthearchitect D.architectsmustbenaturalartists 10.T

8、heintervieweesaysthatthejobofanarchitectis_. A.moretheoreticalthanpractical B.toproducesturdy,well-designedbuildings C.morepracticalthantheoretical D.toproduceattractive,interestingbuildings SECTIONCNEWSBROADCAST Questions11to12arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven30seconds

9、toanswerthetwoquestions.Nowlistentothenews. 11.Themanwasconvictedfor. A.dishonesty B.manslaughter C.murder D.havingagun 12.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE? A.MarkEastwoodhadalicenseforarevolver. B.MarkEastwoodlovedtogotonoisyparties. C.MarkEastwoodsmashedthewindowsofahouse. D.MarkEastwoodhadarecord. Quest

10、ions13to15arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven45secondstoanswerthethreequestions.Nowlistentothenews. 13.HowmanymissingAmericanservicemenhavebeenpositivelyconfirmeddeadin_. Vietnamsofar?A.67. B.280. C.84. D.1,648. 14.Accordingtothesearchoperationcommander,therecoveryofthemi

11、ssing _. Americansissloweddownbecause. A.theweatherconditionsareunfavorable B.thenecessarydocumentsareunavailable C.thesitesareinaccessible D.somelocalpeoplearegreedy 15.Accordingtothenews,VietnammaybewillingtohelpAmericanmainlybecauseof. A.itschangedpolicytowardsAmerica B.recentinternationalpressur

12、e C.itsdesiretohavetheUStradeembargolifted D.theimpendingvisitbyaseniorUSmilitaryofficer SECTIONDNOTE-TAKINGANDGAP-FILLING Inthissectionyouwillhearamini-lectureONCEONLY.Whilelisteningtothelecture,takenotesontheimportantpoints.Yournoteswillnotbemarked,butyouwillneedthemtocompletea15-minutegap-filling

13、taskonANSWERSHEETONEafterthemini-lecture.Usetheblankpaperfornote-taking.Fillineachofthegapswithoneword.Youmayrefertoyournotes.Makesurethewordyoufillinisbothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyacceptable. LANDUSE Aproblemrelatedtothecompetitionforlanduseiswhethercropsshouldbe usedtoproducefoodorfuel.1areaswi

14、llbeexaminedinthisrespect.Firstly, theproblemshouldbeviewedinits2perspective.Whenoilpricesrose sharplyinthe1970s,countrieshadtolookforalternativestosolvetheresultingcrisis. Indevelopingcountries,oneofthepossibleanswerstoitistoproducealcohol from3material.Thishasledtoalotofresearchinthisareaparticula

15、rlyinthe useof4.Theuseofthismaterialresultedfromtwoeconomicreasons:a 5initspriceandlow6costs. Thereareotherstarchyplantsthatcanbeusedtoproducealcohol,likethesweet7orthecassavaplantintropicalregions,and8andsugarbeetinnon-tropicalregions.Theproblemwiththeseplantsisthattheyarealsothepeoplesstaplefoodin

16、manypoorcountries. Therefore,farmerstherearefacedwithachoice:cropsforfoodorforfuel.And farmersnaturallygoforwhatismore9.Asaresult,theproblemsinvolvedareeconomicinnature,ratherthantechnological.Thisismysecondareaunderconsideration.Finally,therehavealreadybeenpracticalapplicationsofusingalcoholforfuel

17、.Basically,theycomeintwoformsofuse:purealcoholasisthecasein 10,andacombinationofalcoholandgasolineknownasgasoholinGermany. 1234(5)_ 678910 PARTIIPROOFREADINGANDERRORCORRECTION(15MIN) ThefollowingpassagecontainsTENerrors.Eachlinecontainsamaximumofoneerrorandthreearefreefromerror.Ineachcase,onlyonewor

18、disinvolved.Youshouldproofreadthepassageandcorrectitinthefollowingway. Forawrongword,underlinethewrongwordandwritethecorrectoneintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline. Foramissingword,markthepositionofthemissingwordwitha“”signandwritethewordyoubelievetobemissingintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline. Foran

19、unnecessaryword,crossouttheunnecessarywordwithaslash“/”andputthewordintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline. Ifthelineiscorrect,placeaVintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline Example Whenartmuseumwantsanewexhibit,1an Itneverbuysthingsinfinishedformandbangs2neverthemonthewall. Whenanaturalhistorymuseum3vwant

20、sanexhibition,itmustoftenbuildit. 4exhibit WATER Thesecondmostimportantconstituentofthebiosphereisliquidwater.Thiscanonlyexistinaverynarrowrangeoftemperatures,sincewaterfreezesat0Candboilsat100C.Thisisonlyatinyrangecomparedwiththelowtemperaturesofsomeotherplanetsandthehotinterioroftheearth,letthetem

21、peratures1 ofthesun. Asweknow,lifewouldonlybepossibleonthefaceofa2 planethadtemperaturessomewherewithinthisrange.3 Theearthssupplyofwaterprobablyremainsquitefairly4 constantinquantity.Acertainnumberofhydrogenatoms,whichareoneofthemainconstituentsofwater,arelostbyescapingfromtheatmospheretooutspace,b

22、ut theyareprobablyjust5aboutreplacedbynewwaterrisingawayfromthedepthsofthe6earthduringvolcanicaction.Thetotalquantityofwaterisnotknown,anditis aboutenoughtocoverthesurfaceoftheglobe7 toadepthofabouttwoandthree-quarterkms.Mostofit-97% -isintheformofthesaltwatersoftheoceans.Therestisfresh,butthreequar

23、ter ofthisisintheformoficeatthePoles8 andonmountains,andcannotbeusedbylivingsystemswhen9 melted.Oftheremainingfraction,whichissomewhatfewerthan10 1%ofthewhole,thereis1020timesasmuchstoredasundergroundwaterasisactuallyonthesurface.Thereisalsoaminor,butextremelyimportant,fractionofthewatersupplywhichi

24、spresentaswatervaporintheatmosphere. PARTIIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION(40MIN) SECTIONAREADINGCOMPREHENSION(30MIN) Inthissectiontherearefourreadingpassagesfollowedbyatotaloffifteenmultiple-choicequestions.ReadthepassagescarefullyandthenmarkyouranswersonyourColoredAnswerSheet. TEXTA STAYINGHEALTHYONHOLIDAY

25、Dopeoplewhochoosetogoonexotic,far-flungholidaysdeservefreehealthyadvicebeforetheytravel?Andeveniftheypay,whoensuresthattheygetgood,up-to-dateinformation?Who,forthatmatter,shouldcollectthatinformationinthefirstplace?Foravarietyofreasons,travelmedicineinBritainisaresponsibilitynobodywants.Asaresult,ma

26、nytravelersgoabroadillpreparedtoavoidseriousdisease. Whyistravelmedicinesounloved?Partlytheresanidentityproblem.Becauseittakesaninterestinanythingthatimpingesonthehealthoftravelers,thisemergingmedicalspecialisminvariablycutsacrossthetraditionaldisciplines.Itdelvesintoeverythingfromseasickness,jetlag

27、andthehazardsofcamelstomalariaandplague.Buttravelmedicinehasamoreseriousobstacletoovercome.Travelclinicsaremeanttotellpeoplehowtoavoidendingupdeadorinatropicaldiseaseshospitalwhentheycomehome.Butitisnotoriouslydifficulttogetanybodypayoutmoneyforkeepingpeoplehealthy. Travelmedicinehasalsobeencolonize

28、dbycommercialinterests-thevastmajorityoftravelclinicsinBritainarerunbyairlinesortravelcompanies.Andwhiletravelconcernsarehappytosellprofitableinjections,theymaybelesskeentospreadbadnewsabouttravelersdiarrheainTurkey,ortotakethetimetospelloutpreventivemeasurestravelerscouldtake.TheNHSfindsitdifficult

29、todefinetravelershealth,saysRonBehrens,theonlyNHSconsultantintravelandtropicalmedicineanddirectorofthetravelclinicoftheHospitalforTropicalDiseasesinLondon.ShoulditcomewithintheNHSorshoulditbepaidfor?Itsagreyarea,andopinionissplit.Nooneseemstohaveanyresponsibilityfordefiningitsrole,hesays. Tocompound

30、itslowstatusinthemedicalhierarchy,travelmedicinehastorelyonstatisticsthatarepatchyatbest.InmostcaseswejustdontknowhowmanyBritonscontractdiseaseswhenabroad.Andevenifadiseaseislinkedtotravelthereisrarelyanyinformationaboutwherethoseafflictedwent,whattheyate,howtheybehaved,orwhichvaccinationstheyhad.Th

31、isshortageofhardfactsandfiguresmakesitdifficulttogivedetailedadvicetopeople,informationthatmightevensavetheirlives. ArecentleaderintheBritishMedicalJournalargued:Travelmedicinewillemergeasacredibledisciplineonlyiftherisksencounteredbytravelersandtherelativebenefitsofpublichealthinterventionsarewelld

32、efinedintermsoftheirrelativeoccurrence,distributionandcontrol.Exactlyhowmuchmoneyiswastedbypoortraveladvice?Therealfigureisanybodysguess,butitcouldeasilyruninto millions.Behrensgivesoneexample.Britainspendsmorethan1millioneachyearjustoncholeravaccinesthatoftendontworkandsogivepeopleafalsesenseofsecu

33、rity:Informationonthepreventionandtreatmentofallformsofdiarrheawouldbeabetterpriority,hesays. 16.TravelmedicineinBritainis. A.notsomethinganyonewantstorun B.theresponsibilityofthegovernment C.administeredbyprivatedoctors D.handledadequatelybytravelagents 17.Themaininterestoftravelcompaniesdealingwit

34、htravelmedicineisto. A.preventpeoplefromfallingill B.makemoneyoutofit C.giveadviceonspecificcountries D.getthegovernmenttopayforit 18.InBehrensopinionthequestionofwhoshouldruntravelmedicine. A.isforthegovernmenttodecide B.shouldbelefttospecialisthospitals C.canbelefttotravelcompanies D.hasnoclearand

35、simpleanswer 19.Peoplewillonlythinkbetteroftravelmedicineif.A.itisgivenmoreresourcesbythegovernment B.moreaccurateinformationonitsvalueisavailable C.thegovernmenttakesoverresponsibilityfromtheNHS D.travelerspaymoreattentiontotheadvicetheyget TEXTB THEHISTORICALBACKGROUNDOFSOCIALPSYCHOIXJGY Whilether

36、ootsofsocialpsychologylieintheintellectualsoilofthewholewesterntradition,itspresentfloweringisrecognizedtobecharacteristicallyanAmericanphenomenon.OnereasonforthestrikingupsurgeofsocialpsychologyintheUnitedStatesliesinthepragmatictraditionofthiscountry.Nationalemergenciesandconditionsofsocialdisrupt

37、ionprovidespecialincentivetoinventnewtechniques,andtostrikeoutboldlyforsolutionstopracticalsocialproblems.SocialpsychologybegantoflourishsoonaftertheFirstWorldWar.Thisevent,followedbythegreatdepressionofthe1930s,bytheriseofHitler,thegenocideofJews,raceriots,theSecondWorldWarandtheatomicthreat,stimul

38、atedallbranchesofsocialscience.Aspecialchallengefelltosocialpsychology.Thequestionwasasked:Howisitpossibletopreservethevaluesoffreedomandindividualrightsunderconditionofmountingsocialstrainandregimentation?Cansciencehelpprovideananswer?Thischallengingquestionledtoaburstofcreativeeffortthataddedmucht

39、oourunderstandingofthephenomenaofleadership,publicopinion,rumor,propaganda,prejudice,attitudechange,morale,communication,decision-making,racerelations,andconflictsofwar. ReviewingthedecadethatfollowedWorldWarII,Cartwright1961speaksof theexcitementandoptimismofAmericansocialpsychologists,andnotesthet

40、remendousincreaseinthetotalnumberofpeoplecallingthemselvessocialpsychologists.Mostofthese,wemayadd,showlittleawarenessofthehistoryoftheirfield. Practicalandhumanitarianmotiveshavealwaysplayedanimportantpartinthedevelopmentofsocialpsychology,notonlyinAmericanbutinotherlandsaswell.Yettherehavebeendisc

41、ordantanddissentingvoices.IntheopinionofHerbertSpencerinEngland,ofLudwigGumplowiczinAustria,andofWilliamGrahamSumnerintheUnitedStates,itisbothfutileanddangerousformantoattempttosteerortospeedsocialchange.Socialevolution,theyargued,requirestimeandobeyslawsbeyondthecontrolofman.Theonlypracticalservice

42、ofsocialscienceistowarnmannottointerferewiththecourseofnature(orsociety).Buttheseauthorsareinminority.MostsocialpsychologistssharewithComteanoptimisticviewofmanschancestobetterhiswayoflife.Hashenotalreadyimprovedhishealthviabiologicalsciences?Whyshouldhenotbetterhissocialrelationshipviasocialscience

43、?Forthepastcenturythisoptimisticoutlookhaspersistedinthefaceofslenderaccomplishmenttodate.Humanrelationsseemstubbornlyset.Warshavenotbeenabolished,labortroubleshavenotabated,andracialtensionsarestillwithus.Giveustimeandgiveusmoneyforresearch,theoptimistssay. 20.SocialpsychologydevelopedintheUSA. A.b

44、ecauseitsrootsareintellectuallywesterninorigin B.asadirectresponsetothegreatdepression C.tomeetthethreatofAdolfHitlerandhispolicyofmassgenocide D.becauseofitspragmatictraditionsfordealingwithsocialproblem 21.Accordingtotheauthor,socialpsychologyshouldhelphimto. A.preserveindividualrights B.becomehea

45、lthier C.beawareofhistory D.improvematerialwelfare 22.Whobelievedthatmancaninfluencesocialchangeforthegoodofsociety? A.Cartwright. B.Spencer. C.Sumner. D.Comte. TEXTC GODANDMYFATHER IthoughtofGodasastrangelyemotionalbeing.Hewaspowerful;hewasforgivingyetobdurate,fullofwarmthandaffection.Bothhiswratha

46、ndaffectionwerefitful,theycameandtheywent,andIcouldntcountoneithertocontinue:althoughtheybothalwaysdid.InshortGodwasmuchsuchabeingasmyfatherhimself. Whatwastherelationbetweenthem,1wonderedthesetwopuzzlingdeities? Myfathersideasofreligionseemedstraightforwardandsimple.Hehadnoticedwhenhewasaboythatthe

47、rewerebuildingscalledchurches;hehadacceptedthemasanaturalpartofthesurroundingsinwhichhehadbeenborn.Hewouldneverhaveinventedsuchthingshimself.Neverthelesstheywerehere.Ashegrewupheregardedthemasunquestioninglyashedidbanks.Theyweresubstantialoldstructures;theywererespectable,decent,andvenerable.Theywerefrequentedbytherightsortofpeople.Well,thatwasenough. Ontheotherhandheneverallowedchurchesorbankstodictatetohim.Hegaveeachtherespectthatwasduetoitfromhispointofview;buthealsoexpectedfromeachofthemtherespecthefeltduetohim. Astocreeds,heknewnothingabout