2016年12月英语六级真题第3套.doc

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1、2016年12月英语六级真题（第3套）Part IWriting（30 minutes）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on creation. Your essay should include the importance of creation and measures to be taken to encourage creation. You are required to write at least 150words but no more than 200w

2、ords.Part II Listening Comprehension （30 minutes）（说明：由于2016年12月六级考试全国只出了2套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容完全一样，只是顺序不一样，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现）Part III Reading Comprehension （40 minutes）Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of

3、choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the

4、 words in the bank more than once.Small communities, with their distinctive characterwhere life is stable and intensely humanare disappearing. Some have 26 from the face of the earth, others are dying slowly, but all have 27 changes as they have come into contact with an 28 machine civilization. The

5、 merging of diverse peoples into a common mass has produced tension among members of the minorities and the majority alike.The Old Order Amish, who arrived on American shores in colonial times, have 29 in the modern world in distinctive, small communities. They have resisted the homogenization 30 mo

6、re successfully than others. In planting and harvest time one can see their bearded men working the fields with horses and their women hanging out the laundry in neat rows to dry. Many American people have seen Amish families, with the men wearing broad-brimmed black hats and the women in long dress

7、es, in railway or bus 31 . Although the Amish have lived with 32 America for over two and a half centuries, they have moderated its influence on their personal lives, their families, communities, and their values.The Amish are often 33 by other Americans to be relics of the past who live a simple, i

8、nflexible life dedicated to inconvenient out-dated customs. They are seen as abandoning both modern 34 and the American dream of success and progress. But most people have no quarrel with the Amish for doing things the old-fashioned way. Their conscientious objection was tolerated in wartime, for af

9、ter all, they are good farmers who 35 the virtues of work and thrift.A）accessingB）conveniencesC）destinedD）expandingE）industrializedF）perceivedG）practiceH）processI）progressJ）respectiveK）survivedL）terminalsM）undergoneN）universalO）vanishedSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a pa

10、ssage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the correspon

11、ding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Countries Rush for Upper Hand in AntarcticaAOn a glacier-filled island with fjords（峡湾）and elephant seals, Russia has built Antarcticas first Orthodox church on a hill overlooking its research base. Less than an hour away by snowmobile, Chinese labourers have updated the

12、 Great Wall Station, a vital part of Chinas plan to operate five bases on Antarctica, complete with an indoor badminton court and sleeping quarters for 150 people. Not to be outdone, Indias futuristic new Bharathi base, built on stilts（桩子）using 134 interlocking shipping containers, resembles a space

13、ship. Turkey and Iran have announced plans to build bases, too.BMore than a century has passed since explorers raced to plant their flags at the bottom of the world, and for decades to come this continent is supposed to be protected as a scientific preserve, shielded from intrusions like military ac

14、tivities and mining. But an array of countries are rushing to assert greater influence here, with an eye not just towards the day those protective treaties expire, but also for the strategic and commercial opportunities that already exist.CThe newer players are stepping into what they view as a trea

15、sure house of resources. Some of the ventures focus on the Antarctic resources that are already up for grabs, like abundant sea life. South Korea, which operates state-of-the-art bases here, is increasing its fishing of krill（磷虾）, found in abundance in the Southern Ocean, while Russia recently frust

16、rated efforts to create one of the worlds largest ocean sanctuaries here.DSome scientists are examining the potential for harvesting icebergs from Antarctica, which is estimated to have the biggest reserves of fresh water on the planet. Nations are also pressing ahead with space research and satelli

17、te projects to expand their global navigation abilities.EBuilding on a Soviet-era foothold, Russia is expanding its monitoring stations for Glonass, its version of the Global Positioning System（GPS）. At least three Russian stations are already operating in Antarctica, part of its effort to challenge

18、 the dominance of the American GPS, and new stations are planned for sites like the Russian base, in the shadow of the Orthodox Church of the Holy Trinity.FElsewhere in Antarctica, Russian researchers boast of their recent discovery of a freshwater reserve the size of Lake Ontario after drilling thr

19、ough miles of solid ice. “You can see that were here to stay,” said Vladimir Cheberdak, 57, chief of the Bellingshausen Station, as he sipped tea under a portrait of Fabian Gottlieb yon Bellingshausen, a high-ranking officer in the Imperial Russian Navy who explored the Antarctic coast in 1820.GAnta

20、rcticas mineral, oil and gas wealth are a longer-team prize. The treaty banning mining here, shielding coveted（令人垂涎的）reserves of iron ore, coal and chromium, comes up for review in 2048. Researchers recently found kimberlite（金伯利岩）deposits hinting at the existence of diamonds. And while assessments v

21、ary widely, geologists estimate that Antarctica holds at least 36 billion barrels of oil and natural gas.HBeyond the Antarctic treaties, huge obstacles persist to tapping these resources, like drifting icebergs that could jeopardise offshore platforms. Then there is Antarcticas remoteness, with some

22、 mineral deposits found in windswept locations on a continent that is larger than Europe and where winter temperatures hover around minus 55 degrees Celsius.IBut advances in technology might make Antarctica a lot more accessible three decades from now. And even before then, scholars warn, the demand

23、 for resources in an energy-hungry world could raise pressure to renegotiate Antarcticas treaties, possibly allowing more commercial endeavours here well before the prohibitions against them expire. The research stations on King George Island offer a glimpse into the long game on this ice-blanketed

24、continent as nations assert themselves, eroding the sway long held by countries like the United States, Britain, Australia and New Zealand.JBeing stationed in Antarctica involves adapting to life on the planets driest, windiest and coldest continent, yet each nation manages to make itself at home. B

25、earded Russian priests offer regular services at the Orthodox church for the 16 or so Russian speakers who spend the winter at the base, largely polar scientists in fields like glaciology and meteorology. Their number climbs to about 40 in the warmer summer months. China has arguably the fastest-gro

26、wing operations in Antarctica. It opened its fourth station last year and is pressing ahead with plans to build a fifth. It is building its second ice-breaking ship and setting up research drilling operations on an ice dome 13,422 feet above sea level that is one of the planets coldest places. Chine

27、se officials say the expansion in Antarctica prioritises scientific research, but they also acknowledge that concerns about “resource security” influence their moves.KChinas newly renovated Great Wall Station on King George Island makes the Russian and Chilean bases here seem outdated. “We do weathe

28、r monitoring here and other research,” Ning Xu, 53, the chief of the Chinese base, said over tea during a fierce blizzard（暴风雪）in late November. The large base he leads resembles a snowed-in college campus on holiday break, with the capacity to sleep more than 10 times the 13 people who were staying

29、on through the Antarctic winter. Yong Yu, a Chinese microbiologist, showed off the spacious building, with empty desks under an illustrated timeline detailing the rapid growth of Chinas Antarctic operations since the 1980s. “We now feel equipped to grow,” he said.LAs some countries expand operations

30、 in Antarctica, the United States maintains three year-round stations on the continent with more than 1,000 people during the southern hemispheres summer, including those at the Amundsen-Scott station, built in 1956 at an elevation of 9,301 feet on a plateau at the South Pole. But US researchers qui

31、etly complain about budget restraints and having far fewer icebreakers than Russia, limiting the reach of the United States in Antarctica.MScholars warn that Antarcticas political drift could blur the distinction between military and civilian activities long before the continents treaties come up fo

32、r renegotiation, especially in parts of Antarctica that are ideal for intercepting（拦截）signals from satellites or retasking satellite systems, potentially enhancing global electronic intelligence operations.NSome countries have had a hard time here. Brazil opened a research station in 1984, but it wa

33、s largely destroyed by a fire that killed two members of the navy in 2012, the same year that a diesel-laden Brazilian barge sank near the base. As if that were not enough, a Brazilian C-130 Hercules military transport plane has remained stranded near the runway of Chiles air base here since it cras

34、h-landed in 2014.OHowever, Brazils stretch of misfortune has created opportunities for China, with a Chinese company winning the $100 million contract in 2015 to rebuild the Brazilian station.PAmid all the changes, Antarctica maintains its allure. South Korea opened its second Antarctic research bas

35、e in 2014, describing it as a way to test robots developed by Korean researchers for use in extreme conditions. With Russias help, Belarus is preparing to build its first Antarctic base. Colombia said this year that it planned to join other South American nations with bases in Antarctica.Q“The old d

36、ays of the Antarctic being dominated by the interests and wishes of white men from European, Australasian and North American states are over,” said Klaus Dodds, a politics scholar at the University of London who specialises in Antarctica. “The reality is that Antarctica is geopolitically contested.”

37、36. According to Chinese officials, their activities in Antarctica lay greater emphasis on scientific research.37. Efforts to create one of the worlds largest ocean sanctuaries failed because of Russias obstruction.38. With several monitoring stations operating in Antarctica, Russia is trying hard t

38、o counter Americas dominance in the field of worldwide navigational facilities.39. According to geologists estimates, Antarctica has enormous reserves of oil and natural gas.40. It is estimated that Antarctica boasts of the richest reserves of fresh water on earth.41. The demand for energy resources

39、 may compel renegotiation of Antarcticas treaties before their expiration.42. Many countries are racing against each other to increase their business and strategic influence on Antarctica.43. Antarcticas harsh natural conditions constitute huge obstacles to the exploitation of its resources.44. With

40、 competition from many countries, Antarctica is no longer dominated by the traditional white nations.45. American scientists complain about lack of sufficient money and equipment for their expansion in Antarctica.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by

41、some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.A

42、ny veteran nicotine addict will testify that fancy packaging plays no role in the decision to keep smoking. So, it is argued, stripping cartons of their branding will trigger no mass movement to quit.But that isnt why the governmentunder pressure from cancer charities, health workers and the Labour

43、partyhas agreed to legislate for standardised packaging. The theory is that smoking should be stripped of any appeal to discourage new generations from starting in the first place. Plain packaging would be another step in the reclassification of cigarettes from inviting consumer products to narcotic

44、s（麻醉剂）.Naturally, the tobacco industry is violently opposed. No business likes to admit that it sells addictive poison as a lifestyle choice. That is why government has historically intervened, banning advertising, imposing health warnings and punitive（惩罚性的）duties. This approach has led over time to

45、 a fall in smoking with numbers having roughly halved since the 1970s. Evidence from Australia suggests plain packaging pushes society further along that road. Since tobacco is one of the biggest causes of premature death in the UK, a measure that tames the habit even by a fraction is worth trying.S

46、o why has it taken so long? The Department of Health declared its intention to consider the move in November 2010 and consulted through 2012. But the plan was suspended in July 2013. It did not escape notice that a lobbying firm set up by Lynton Crosby, David Camerons election campaign director, had

47、 previously acted for Philip Morris International.（The prime minister denied there was a connection between his new advisers outside interests and the change in legislative programme.）In November 2013, after an unnecessary round of additional consultation, health minister Jane Ellison said the gover

48、nment was minded to proceed after all. Now we are told Members of Parliament（MPs）will have a fr1ee vote before parliament is dissolved in March.Parliament has in fact already authorised the government to tame the tobacco trade. MPs voted overwhelmingly in favour of Labour amendments to the children and families bill last February that included the power to regulate for plain packaging. With sufficient will in Downing Street this would have been done already. But strength of will is the missing ingredient where Mr. Cameron and public health