高考英语中助动词的用法.docx

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1、英语中助动词的用法英语中的助动词用来构成时态和语态。 助动词具有语法意义，但没有词汇意义，不可单独作谓语。英语助动词的用法口诀：助动词，用法怪;只当佐料不当菜。句型变换显身手;常与时态谈恋爱。have完成be进行;will将来三大块。加上各自过去式;总共构成六时态。否定疑问靠它们;用法如同be相待。一般现在和过去;没有助动也无碍。否定疑问照常变;过去did, do现在。第三人单用does;遵守be法和情态。助动词 do 在祈使句中的强调用法：有时可在祈使句前加上助动词do (常重读)，以表示说话人想特别强调他所说的话。这样用的祈使句具有以下用法：1. 表示强调的请求。如：Do come wit

2、h us. 请一定要和我们一起去。Please! Do be quiet a moment! 求求你们! 安静一会儿!2. 表示委婉或客气。如：Do try this fish. 请尝尝这鱼。Do have another cup of coffee. 请再喝杯咖啡吧。3. 表示不耐烦。如：Do stop talking! 别说啦!4. 希望说服对方。如：Do help me with this maths problem. 务请帮我解答这道数学题。代替动词的do是助动词还是实义动词：用来替代动词的do是助动词，也可以说用作“代动词”，用来表示刚提到的动作，以避免重复。请看以下例句。Do yo

3、u like Beijing? 你喜欢北京吗?Yes, I do. 是的，喜欢。(do用作代动词，代替like Beijing)I always eat peas with honey. My wife never does. 我总是就着蜂蜜吃豌豆。我的妻子从来不这样吃。(does用作代动词，代替eat peas with honey)但是要注意do so ,do it , do that这种结构，do不是助动词，而是实义动词，而且是及物动词。例如:She hoped that he would search the room carefully and he did so. 她希望他仔细地检

4、查房间，而他这样做了。At night, when you really wish to go to sleep, you rarely manage to do so. 夜里当你正想入睡的时候，你却很少能成眠。I could run after a bus and catch it twenty years ago, but I cant do that now.Mr Brown goes to the hospital for treatment every week: in face, he has been doing it ever since I have known him.布朗

5、先生每周去医院治疗：事实上，自从我认识他依赖，他一直就是这样。do用作助动词的其他用法：一、用于构成疑问句、否定句或倒装句1. 构成疑问句Where do I pay? 我在哪儿付钱?When do you start? 你何时动身?How did you do it? 你是怎么做的?How do you feel today? 你今天感觉如何?Why do you keep on smiling? 你怎么老是笑?How does the story end up? 这故事结局如何?How does she stay so young? 她怎么能永葆青春呢?When did you reali

6、se that the money was missing? 你什么时候发觉钱丢了?2. 构成否定句I dont like football. 我不喜欢足球。Please dont annoy me. 请不要打搅我。I didnt arrive at the station early enough. 我到达车站不够早。I dont care how expensive it is. 我不在乎这件东西有多贵。I didnt meet either Jane or her husband. 简或是她的丈夫我都没遇见。He washed the car. He didnt polish it. 他

7、冲洗了汽车。他没有擦拭它。3. 构成倒装句Never did he speak about his own merits. 他从不讲自己的功绩。Very rarely did she receive letters from her brother. 她很少收到她兄弟的信。Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining. 他一到家，她就抱怨起来。Never did he think the book would be finished so soon. 他可没想到这本书会这么快看完。Seldom has a devoted teacher

8、been so splendidly rewarded. 一位忠诚的教师很少受到如此丰厚的报答。二、加在动词前，表示强调She does like dogs. 她真的喜欢狗。Do have another cup of coffee. 请再喝杯咖啡吧。Do be careful with that vase! 务必小心那个花瓶!I do hope youll get better soon. 我真希望你早日康复。He did come but soon went back. 他是来了，但很快就回去了。三、用来表示刚提到的动作，以避免重复“She likes cakes.” “She reall

9、y does.”“她喜欢吃蛋糕。”“她的确喜欢。”Watch that manI want to know everything he does. 盯住那个人我要了解他的一切活动。I always eat peas with honey. My wife never does. 我总是就着蜂蜜吃豌豆。我的妻子从来不这样吃。She paid them a generous wage for the little they did. 她为他们的那么一点工作付了很高的工资。Some parents did it only once a week, some said they never did. 一些父母每周仅做一次，一些父母则说他们从来不做。3学科网（北京）股份有限公司