2019年高考英语-高考英语含答案解析(共15页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上高考英语试卷选择题部分第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分35分)第一节(共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ACommunity(社区) service is important for many reasons.Taking part and volunteering teaches sympathy and understanding.One of my favorite things about it is that there are opportunities and cho

2、ices right in your very neighborhood.When I was younger，I volunteered for a nearby animal shelter.At first I didnt know many people there and wasnt very enthusiastic.Later，as I got to know the animals and staff members I learned to enjoy my time there.It was a very rewarding experience and I got to

3、do many things I wouldnt have had an opportunity to do otherwise.Sometimes when I was there I would see other kids taking part.Most of them were volunteering because they needed service hours for school.These kids sometimes just sat around waiting for their time to pass.But there were also others，wh

4、o had apparently enjoyed their experiences，and wanted to do more afterwards.Not only is community service fun and rewarding，it also looks great on a resume(简历) or college application.Sometimes community service is even required for high school graduation.Last year in my life skills class we were ask

5、ed to write a paper about whether we thought requiring students at a university to complete 75 hours of community service was a good idea.I wrote，“I dont think that is too much as long as the students are given enough time and a variety of choices.”As I move through life I will be always involved in

6、 community service，not just because it is important but also because it is something I enjoy and look forward to.So maybe it is the right time you should go out，volunteer your time and make a difference，even if your reward is only a nod or smile.语篇解读本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要叙述了作者参加过许多社区志愿服务，从中获益良多，并鼓励人们也参与进来。

7、1The writer began to enjoy volunteering at the animal shelter when he .Arealized the importance of community serviceBwitnessed some students wasting their timeCgot inspired by the enthusiastic volunteersDadjusted himself to the new environment答案D解析推理判断题。根据第二段第三句可推知，当作者适应了动物收容所的环境后，他开始享受在那里的志愿者工作。故选D

8、。2What might be the writers attitude to the 75-hour community service required for a university student?ACautious. BApproving.CUnconcerned. DDoubtful.答案B解析观点态度题。根据第四段最后一句可推知，作者对大学生要完成75小时的社区服务工作持赞成态度。故选B。3What is the writers purpose in writing the passage?ATo introduce a growing trend of volunteerin

9、g.BTo reflect on one of his volunteer experiences.CTo advocate participating in community service.DTo make the benefits of community service known.答案C解析写作意图题。根据最后一段最后一句和全文内容可知，作者认为做社区志愿服务工作是非常有益的，所以作者呼吁人们参与到社区服务中去。故选C。B(2018河北唐山一模)Its 3 oclock and youve been hard at work.As you sit at your desk，a st

10、rong desire for chocolate overcomes you.You try to busy yourself to make it go away.But it doesnt.Here is another situation.Perhaps you are not feeling well.The only thing you want to eat is a big bowl of chicken soup，like your mom used to make when you were sick as a child.Food cravings are a stron

11、g desire for a specific type of food.And they are normal.Scientists at the website How Stuff Works compare hunger and cravings this way.Hunger is a fairly simple connection between the stomach and the brain.They even call it simply “stomach hunger”When our stomachs burn up all of the food we have ea

12、ten，a hormone(荷尔蒙) sends a message to one part of the brain，the hypothalamus(下丘脑)，for more food.The hypothalamus regulates our most basic body functions such as thirst，hunger and sleep.The brain then produces a chemical to start the appetite.And you eat.Hunger is a function of survival.A craving is

13、more complex.It activates(使活跃) brain areas related to emotion，memory and reward.These are the same areas of the brain activated during drug-craving studies.So，some scientists call food cravings “mind hunger”People often crave foods that are high in fat and sugar.Foods that are high in fat or high in

14、 sugar release chemicals in the brain.These chemicals give us feelings of pleasure.In a 2007 study，researchers at Cambridge University found that dieting or restricted eating generally increases the possibility of food cravings.So，the more you deny yourself a food that you want，the more you may crav

15、e it.However，fasting is a bit different.They found that eating no food at all for a short period of time lessened food cravings.So，the next time you crave something very specific，know that your brain may be more to blame than your stomach.语篇解读本文主要谈论饮食冲动的调查结果。食物与情感有关系，节食的结果会导致饮食欲望的增加。4What is the fun

16、ction of the first paragraph?ATo deepen the understanding of hunger.BTo lead to the topic of the whole passage.CTo report the discovery of craving study.DTo remind readers of their own special food.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句“Food cravings are a strong desire for a specific type of food.And they are normal

17、.”可知，第一段是为了引出整篇文章的话题。故选B。5What do we learn about food cravings?AIt means the stomach functions well.BIt ensures a person survives hunger.CIt shows food is linked to feelings.DIt proves the brain decides your appetite.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“Foods that are high in fat or high in sugar release chemicals

18、in the brain.These chemicals give us feelings of pleasure.”可知，食物与情感有关系。故选C。6Whats the likely result of dieting?AThe increase of food desire.BThe decrease of chemicals.CThe refusal of fat and sugar.DThe disappearance of appetite.答案A解析推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句“In a 2007 study，researchers at Cambridge Universit

19、y found that dieting or restricted eating generally increases the possibility of food cravings.”可知，节食会导致饮食欲望的增加。故选A。7What does the passage mainly discuss?AThe findings of food cravings.BWhat hunger is all about.CThe functions of brain areas.DWhat dieting may bring us.答案A解析主旨大意题。根据第一段最后两句“Food cravin

20、gs are a strong desire for a specific type of food.And they are normal.”可知，本文主要谈论饮食冲动的调查结果。故选A。C(2018浙江金华名校统练)Students in the United Kingdom will be using textbooks almost identical(完全相同的) to the ones that students in the Chinese city of Shanghai use from January 2018，in a bid to improve ailing math

21、ematics test results.The UK government will carry out the plan，worth US $ 54 million，which allows half of all primary school teachers to use the real Shanghai mathematics textbook series.As a result，the courses 36 books will be adopted in their curriculum.The materials will be roughly the same，simpl

22、y replacing Chinese Renminbi symbols with the British Pounds.According to a New York Times report，Shanghai students topped international standardized testing of mathematics in 2010 based upon a “mastery”(熟练掌握) approach to maths education.“Maths mastery involves children being taught as a whole class

23、，building depth of understanding of the structure of maths，supported by the use of understanding of the structure of maths，supported by the use of high-quality textbooks，” the British government said last July.With the help of funding up to 41 million，more than 8,000 primary schoolshalf of the total

24、 number in Englandwill receive support to adopt the approach，which is used by some of the leading performers in maths in the world，including Shanghai and Singapore.Unlike many Western countries，Chinese students performance in mathematics is above average in the Organization for Economic Co-operation

25、 and Development(OECD)Data from the Programme for International Student Assessment released in 2015 by the OECD showed one in four students in Shanghai are top performers in mathematics.This means students can handle tasks that require the ability to formulate(确切表达) complex situations mathematically

26、，using symbolic representations.The UK，however，has slightly lower numbers of top performers in mathematics than the OECD average.“All the time，Asians have been learning from the Western education system，” Yong Zhao，a professor of education at The University of Kansas said as quoted by The New York T

27、imes.“Suddenly，its the reverse(相反的情况)”语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。英国将引进上海的数学教学方法和配套的数学教材，以提高英国学生每况愈下的数学成绩。8What does the underlined word “ailing” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?ACompetitive. BImpressive.CTerrible. DStable.答案C解析词义猜测题。根据第一段的内容可知，从2018年1月起，英国的学生们将使用与中国上海的学生们所使用的几乎完全相同的数学教材，再结合第四段中的最后一句可知，数学成绩最好的英国学生人数低

28、于OECD的平均数，故英国采取此方法的目的是提高英国学生糟糕的数学成绩。ailing意为“每况愈下的，状况不佳的”。故选C。9What makes Shanghais students stand out in mathematics tests based on the passage?AAdopting excellent teaching methods.BSimplifying complex maths concepts.CValuing students independent learning.DSubscribing to high-difficulty textbooks.答

29、案A解析细节理解题。根据第二段第四句中的“Shanghai students topped international standardized testing of mathematics in 2010 based upon a mastery(熟练掌握) approach to maths education”可知，上海的学生数学成绩优异得益于一种优秀的教学方法，故选A。10What does the content of Paragraph 3 mainly indicate?ABritain has a lack of high-quality textbooks.BBritain

30、devotes a lot to advancing its education.CBritish education falls far behind that of Singapore.DBritish primary schools need peoples support most.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第三段中的“With the help of funding up to 41 million，more than 8,000 primary schoolshalf of the total number in Englandwill receive support to ado

31、pt the approach”可知，英国投入了多达4 100万英镑来支持英国半数的小学采用上海的数学教学方法，由此可推知，英国在发展其教育方面投入很大。故选B。第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。How to Create Better Phone HabitsIf you find yourself constantly checking your cell phone，you may have a problem with overuse of the cell phone. 11 Here are

32、four tips on how to create better phone habits：1Put your phone away an hour before you go to sleep.Staring at a screen right before you try to go to sleep is going to make it more difficult to fall asleep. 12 Dont try to sleep with it right next to your head because you will spend more time focusing

33、 on who might be texting you than sleeping.2Carry your phone in your bag or pocket.When you take your phone with you，dont carry it in your hand. 13 This is especially important when you drive.Make sure your phone is hidden away when you drive so you are not tempted to look at it and text.3 14 Think

34、of the best times of the day for you to not be on your phone texting and make it a “no phone time”Turn your phone completely off and put it away somewhere where you cant get to it for a few hours.Forcing yourself to do this daily will help train your brain to not get anxious when you are not to your

35、 phone.4Pretend like your cell phone is a home phone. 15 Try pretending like your cell phone is a landline phone.Place it in one spot in your house and always leave it there and only use it there，instead of taking it with you everywhere you go.AAn hour before you go to sleep，text anyone you are talk

36、ing to that you are going to sleep.BCell phones are an annoying invention.CHave set times when you are away from your phone.DTurn off your cell phone before you leave your home.EProbably one of the major reasons you are addicted to texting is because you can take your phone with you anywhere.FIt can

37、 lead to reduced quality of personal relationships and lack of productivity in daily life.GPut your phone somewhere where you cant see it.11答案F解析空格前一句提到如果你发现自己不断地查看手机，那么你或许有过度使用手机的问题。F项指出了这一问题导致的不良后果，符合语境。12答案A解析A项与第二段第一句“Put your phone away an hour before you go to sleep.”相吻合。故选A。13答案G解析根据空格前的一句话和下

38、文中的“Make sure your phone is hidden away”可知，此处应指把手机放在你看不到的地方。故选G。14答案C解析空格处是该段的主题句。阅读本段后面的部分可知，本段主要说的是每天留出一点不把手机带在身边的时间。C项概括了本段主旨，符合语境。15答案E解析E项中的“you can take your phone with you anywhere”与空格后的“place it in one spot in your house and always leave it there”相对应。故选E。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1

39、.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。(2018东北三省三校联考)It happened to Susan Black in a cold winter.Everything seemed in a 16 those days.Both her parents suffering from depression，sending for a 17 became a common practice.As a woman in her 40s，it was a 18 job to be a teacher of 30 first-

40、graders，who were always 19 ，and shed tried all sorts of methods，but 20 to get them quiet in class.Misfortunes were 21 one after another.After a long and tiring day at work，Susan dragged herself along， 22 towards the parking lot.She came to the car，only to find she had locked her keys and cell phone

41、inside. 23 kicking the tyre of the car，she sensed tears 24 her cheeks.“Whats wrong？” a voice was heard.Susan looked up，and saw a young man with a 25 at his side.Susan stopped weeping and explained her situation，adding that 26 he called her husband，he wouldnt bring her the spare car key，since he was

42、working at the 27 end of the town and it was still not time to 28 the days work.“Call your 29 and tell him Im coming to get the key，” the young man handed Susan his phone.“But thats nine miles round trip.” said Susan.“Theres no time for 30 .Ill be back as soon as possible.”Two hours later，the motor

43、rider returned with a big smile and 31 face，the key in hand.Susan 32 some money，but he refused.“Lets just say I needed the 33 ，” with those words，like a 34 in the movies，he rode off into the sunset.For Susan，the “cowboy” not only picked the key，but 35 her day，or rather，warmed the long and cold winte

44、r days.语篇解读本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。遇到一系列的麻烦后，苏珊感到生活很艰难。一天，她把钥匙和手机锁在了自己的车里，一个骑摩托的年轻人帮助她去取备用钥匙，并且拒绝接受报酬。对苏珊来说，这个年轻人不仅帮她拿回了一把钥匙，更是温暖了整个漫长而寒冷的冬日。16A.battle BrowCmess Dhurry答案C解析battle战役；row 行；mess混乱；hurry匆忙。那些天一切似乎一片混乱。in a mess一片混乱，故选C。17A.worker BpsychologistCpoliceman Dlawyer答案B解析worker工人；psychologist心理学家；policem

45、an警察；lawyer律师。她的父母都患有抑郁症，被派去找一位心理学家成为了一种常见的做法。根据句意可知答案为B。18A.tough BrareCboring Drewarding答案A解析tough艰难的；rare罕见的；boring令人厌烦的；rewarding值得的。作为一位四十几岁的妇女，成为30名一年级学生的老师，这是一份艰苦的工作，他们经常吵闹。故选A。19A.kind BquickChappy Dnoisy答案D解析kind和蔼的；quick迅速的；happy高兴的；noisy吵闹的。参考上题解析。故选D。20A.at heart Bin vainCon purpose Dwit

46、h ease答案B解析at heart内心里，本质上；in vain徒劳；on purpose故意地；with ease不费力地。她尝试了各种方法，但在课堂上让他们安静下来是徒劳的。故选B。21A.coming true Bpiling upCgoing well Drunning out答案B解析come true变成现实；pile up堆起；go well进展顺利；run out耗尽。接连不断的不幸。故答案为B。22A.looking BmarchingCyelling Dheading答案D解析look看；march前进；yell叫喊；head朝前。经过漫长而累人的一天的工作，苏珊拖着身

47、子朝停车场走去。根据句意可知答案为D。23A.Mildly BRandomlyCSuddenly DWildly答案D解析mildly温和地；randomly随便地；suddenly突然地；wildly疯狂地。她走到车那里，却发现她把钥匙和手机锁在里面了。她疯狂地踢着汽车的轮胎，感觉到眼泪从她的脸颊流下来。根据句意可知选D。24A.streaming down Bflowing pastCshowing up Dcasting away答案A解析参考上题解析。stream down往下流；flow past流过；show up露面，出现；cast away丢掉，浪费。根据句意可知选A。25A.bicycle BcarCmotorbike Dtaxi答案C解析bicycle自行车；car小汽车；motorbike摩托车；taxi出租车。根据倒数第二段第一句“Two hours later，the motor rider returned with a big smile”可知，苏珊抬起头来，看见一个年轻人，一辆摩托车在他身边。故选C。26A.