强直性脊柱炎合并脊柱骨折的病理特点及预后_靳晓波(2).docx
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1、 河北医科大学 学位论文使用授权及知识产权归属承诺 本学位论文在导师(或指导小组)的指导下,由本人独立完成。 本学位论文研究所获得的研究成果,其知识产权归河北医科大学所 有。河北医科大学有权对本学位论文进行交流、公开和使用。凡发 表 与学位论文主要内容相关的论文,第一署名单位为河北医科大 学,试 验材料、原始数据、申报的专利等知识产权均归河北医科 大学所有 否则,承担相应的法律责任。 河北医科大学 研究生学位论文独创性声明 本论文是在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果,除 了 文中特别加以标注等内容外,文中不包含其他人己发表或撰写 的研究 成果,指导教师对此进行 r 审定。本论文由本人独
2、立撰写, 年月曰 目 录 +対商 . 1 英文摘要 . 3 研究论文强直性脊柱炎合并脊柱骨折的病理特点及预后 、产 “ -、 , 刖 g . 6 材料与方法 . 6 關 . 8 關 . 11 讨论 . 15 结论 . 19 参考文献 . 19 综述 强直性脊柱炎合并脊柱骨折的病理特点及预后 . 21 雜 . 40 个人简历 . 41 强直性脊柱炎合并脊柱骨折的病理特点及预后分析 摘 要 目的:探讨强直性脊柱炎合并脊柱骨折的病理特点及预后。 方法: 2003 年 1 月 2011 年 1 月,我院共收治 16 例强直性脊柱炎合 并 脊柱骨折病例。其中颈椎骨折 12 例,均伴随不同程度的脊髓损伤,
3、 6 例行手术 治疗, 5 例行颈托固定 ,1 例行颅骨牵引。 4 例为胸腰段骨折, 2 例伴有脊髓损 伤, 3 例行手术治疗, 1 例保守治疗。 结果:采取门诊复查结合临床查体以及电话咨询的方法, 16 例中, 除 1 例颈椎骨折患者因其他内科疾病死亡外,其余 15 例均得到随访。伤 后 6 9 个月 X 线片复查显示, 11 例颈椎骨折或骨折脱位患者及 3 例胸腰 段骨折患者 的植骨部位均已骨性融合,伸屈侧位片上未见明显不稳定, 9 例手术患者未见 内固定物松动及断裂现象。 1 例 L4、 5 剪力骨折患者术 后 6 个月拍片复查发现 骨折处未愈合,局部后突畸形加大。后经再次手术, 行内固
4、定物更换,前路切 开植骨术,术后拍片示内固定物位置满意,后突 畸形也得到部分矫正。 14 例 有脊髓损伤者,随访时间 2 96 个月,平均 30 个月,除 2 例 A 级病例术后截 瘫症状无明显恢复外,其他病例均程度 不等的恢复。 2 例 D 级患者,术后神经 功能基本恢复正常。 2 例 C 级患 者 1 例基本恢复正常, 1 例进步为 D 级。 8 例 B 级患者, 4 例恢复至 C 级 ,4 例无明显恢复迹象。 2 例 A 级患者,术后进步为 B 级。 结论:根据强直性脊柱炎 ( Ankylosing Spondylitis AS)的病理特点: 骨 质疏松,椎体周围韧带、肌肉等软组织的骨化
5、。以及继而出现的脊柱僵 直,活 动度下降,严重的后凸畸形,变硬,变脆,丧失原有的生理弯曲等 一系列的生 物力学改变。因此, AS 患者更易发生脊柱骨折,一旦发生, 骨折极不稳定, 易发生脊髓损伤的严重后果。由于外伤较轻或不明显, AS 原有疼痛、畸形等 症状的掩盖,加之骨折线在普通 X 片上显现不清, 骨折后误诊、漏诊常常发 生。在得不到及时、适当的处理时极可能造成进 一步加重损伤。同时更应注意 的是与单纯脊柱骨折不同, AS 脊柱骨折有 其特有的处理 方式。前期的以及保 守治疗进行的牵引复位、固定也有其特 殊理念和注意事项。充分了解患者的全 身状况和骨折局部病情,治疗的具 2 体方式还应依据
6、患者情况个性化处理。椎体的骨质疏松等变化在手术内固 定 时也有别于普通患者,更加坚强的内固定和植骨融合显得尤为重要。定 期复 查,密切关注骨折复位情况、愈合进展以及神经损伤恢复情况,以此 进行合 适的功能锻炼,达到治疗的预期目的。后期护理对患者的预后同样 重要。 AS 是一种病因不明,累及全身的慢性疾病,病程较长,受累最重 的常为呼吸系 统。患者年龄一般较大,全身状况差,伤后疗程长和可能并 发的神经损伤, 恢复慢,需长期卧床。这些无论行手术还是保守治疗的患 者,对护理都是一 种挑战。并且易出现限制性肺病、肺炎、褥疮、静脉血 栓等并发症,要进行 相应的预防和对症处理。提高患者生活质量,延长生 命
7、是进行各种治疗的最 终目的。恰当无误及时的治疗和护理, AS 合并脊 柱骨折患者可取得较为满意 的临床疗效。 关键 词:强直性 ;脊柱炎 ;脊柱骨折 ;病理 ;治疗 ;预后 3 Pathological characteristics and prognosis of spinal fractures in ankylosing spondylitis ABSTRACT Objective:To discuss the diagnosis,treatment method and prognosis of spinal fractures in ankylosing spondylitis.
8、Method:Sixteen cases of spinal fractures in ankylosing spondylitis were treated from 2003 to 2011.Including cervical vertebra fractures 12 cases,all are in the wake of spinal cord injury indifferent levels,surgical therapy 6 cases,neck torsten fixed 5 cases,skull traction leases.Chest lumbar fractur
9、es 4 cases,2 cases are in the wake of spinal cord injury ,surgical therapy 3 cases,conservative treatment lcaese. Result: Adopt outpatient service review combined with clinical screening and telephone consultation method, 16 patients, in all the cases cervical spine fracture patients because of othe
10、r medical disease one outside, the rest 15 cases were visited . After injury 6 9 months, according to X-ray film review 11 cases cervical spine fracture or fracture dislocation patients and 3 cases of patients with fracture of the chest and waist segment of the graft parts have been osseous fusion,
11、flex side a chip did not see obvious unstable, 9 cases not seen patients who underwent surgical fixator loosening and cracking phenomena. 1 cases of patients with shearing fracture at L4. 5 shear scan six months after surgery review found that the fracture havent healed after deformity after hattush
12、 increased again .The reoperation, cut road before using bone graft fuse, postoperative porn fixator position satisfaction, hind dash forward the deformity also get partial correction. 14 cases of spinal cord injury, follow-up time 2 96 months, averaging 30 months, except two cases A level cases wit
13、hout apparent recovery after symptoms paraplegia, other cases were outside the recovery of degree differs. 2 cases of grade D patients, postoperative neurological basic returned to normal. 2 cases of grade C patients returned to normal, 1 case of basic 1 case progress as the grade D. 8 4 cases of gr
14、ade B patients, 4 cases restored to grade C, 4 cases of no obvious signs of recovery. 2 cases of grade A patient, postoperative progress as the class B. Conclusion: According to ankylosing spondylitis (AS) pathological characteristics: osteoporosis, vertebral muscles around ligament, soft tissue. An
15、d then the spinal rigid, mobility appears drop, serious, harden after protrusion deformity, brittle, lose physiology curve, and a series of biomechanical change. Therefore, AS patients are more likely to happen spine fracture, once in place, fracture extremely unstable, easy to have the serious cons
16、equences of spinal cord injury. Due to trauma lighter or not obvious, AS original AS symptoms such AS pain, deformity, and the cover of X-ray films in ordinary fracture lines appear not clear, fracture, often occur after missing misdiagnosis. In timely and appropriate processing not when contributes
17、 to accentuate further damage. More at the same time is with pure should pay attention to the different spine fracture spine fractures, AS has its special treatment. Conservative treatment early and the traction reset, fixed also has its special ideas and precautions. Full knowledge of the patients
18、body condition and fracture of illness, treatment local specific ways also shall be based on the conditions of patients personalized treatment. Vertebral osteoporosis fixation in surgery change such as different from ordinary patients, also more strong internal fixation and bone graft fusion is part
19、icularly important. Check regularly, pay close attention to fracture restoration, healing progress and nerve damage recovery, based on which the suitable function exercise, achieve the expected purposes of treatment. The prognosis of the patients with later nursing equally important. AS is a kind of
20、 unknown etiology of chronic diseases, involving the whole body long, duration, infected heaviest often for respiratory system. Patients age generally bigger, whole body condition is poor, after injury treatment length and can be complicated by nerve injury, restore slow, requiring prolonged bed. Th
21、ese surgery or whether he conservative treatment of patients, for nursing is a challenge. Restrictie lung disease, pneumonia, bedsore, vein thrombosis are 5 complications such as the, want to undertake corresponding prevention and symptomatic treatment. Improve the quality of life of the patients, p
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- 关 键 词:
- 强直性脊柱炎 合并 脊柱 骨折 病理 特点 预后 靳晓波
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