2022年气象专业英语词汇.pdf

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1、精心整理精心整理主题词表EnglishChinese 01.大气atmosphericscience大气科学meteorology气象学theoreticalmeteorology理论气象学mesometeorology中尺度气象学micrometeorology 微气象学physicalmeteorology物理气象学atmosphere大气evolutionofatmosphere大气演化atmosphericimpurity 大气杂质atmosphericsuspendedmatter 大气悬浮物atmosphericdiffusion大气扩散atmosphericcomposition

2、大气成分atmosphericion大气离子atmosphericmass 大气质量airquality 大气品位atmosphericdensity大气密度atmosphericsubdivision大气分层homosphere均质层heterosphere非均质层homopause均质层顶significantlevel 特性层standardpressurelevel标准层isothermallayer等温层loweratmosphere低层大气middleatmosphere中层大气upperatmosphere 高层大气troposphere对流层tropopause对流层顶stra

3、tosphere平流层stratopause平流层顶mesosphere中间层mesopause 中间层顶thermosphere热层exosphere外逸层ionosphere电离层magnetosphere 磁层magnetopause 磁层顶chemosphere光化层chemopause光化层顶ozonosphere臭氧层freeatmosphere自由大气planetaryatmosphere 行星大气standardatmosphere(referenceatmosphere)标 准 大气（参考大气）homogeneousatmosphere 均质大气isothermalatmos

4、phere 等温大气polytropicatmosphere多元大气scaleheight大气标高meteorologicalelement气象要素airtemperature气温wet-bulbtemperature湿球温度dry-bulbtemperature干球温度temperatureprofile温度廓线atmosphericpressure 气压standardatmospherepressure 标准大气压stationpressure 本站气压sea-levelpressure 海平面气压pressuregradient 气压梯度barometricheightformula压

5、高公式pressuregradientforce 气压梯度力Coriolisforce 科里奥利力watervapor水蒸汽transferofwatervapor水汽输送watervaporprofile水汽廓线watervaporpressure 水汽压humidity 湿度relativehumidity 相对湿度absolutehumidity绝对湿度specifichumidity 比湿mixingratio 混合比dewpointtemperature露点(温度) depressionofthedewpoint （温度）露点差super-saturatedair 过饱和空气satu

6、rationspecifichumidity饱和比湿saturationvaporpressure 饱和水汽压psychrometricformula测湿公式saturationdeficit饱和差internationalcloudatlas国际云图cloud云lowcloud 低云middlecloud 中云highcloud高云cloudbase云底cloudtop云顶cloudceiling 云幂cloudamount云量totalcloudcover总云量精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - -

7、 -第 1 页，共 28 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精心整理精心整理cloudwithverticaldevelopment 直展云cloudheight 云高cloudgenera云属cloudetage云族cloudspecies云种cloudvariety 云类cloudform 云状cirrus,Ci 卷云cirrusfibratus,Cifib 毛卷云cirrusspissatus,Cispi密卷云cirrusuncinus,Ciunc钩卷云cirrostratus,Cs卷层云cirrostratusfibratus,Csfib毛卷层云cirrostratusneb

8、ulosus,Csneb 薄幕卷层云cirrocumulus,Cc卷积云altocumulus,Ac 高积云altocumulustranslucidus,Actr透光高积云altocumulusopacus,Acop蔽光高积云altocumuluslenticularis,Aclen 荚状高积云altocumuluscumulogenitus,Accug积云性高积云altocumulusfloccus絮状高积云altocumuluscastellanus,Accas 堡状高积云altostratus,As高层云altostratustranslucidus,Astr透光高层云altostra

9、tusopacus,Asop 蔽光高层云cumulus,Cu积云cumulushumilis,Cuhum淡积云cumulusmediocris,Cumed中展积云cumulusfractus,Cufra碎积云cumuluscongestus,Cucon 浓积云cumulonimbus,Cb积雨云cumulonimbuscalvus,Cbcal秃积雨云cumulonimbuscapillatus,Cbcap鬃积雨云stratocumulus,Sc层积云stratocumulustranslucidus,Sctr 透光层积云stratocumulusopacus,Scop 蔽光层积云stratoc

10、umuluscumulogenitus,Sccug 积云性层积云stratocumuluscastellanus,Sccas 堡状层积云stratocumuluslenticularis,Sclen荚状层积云stratus,St层云stratusfractus,Stfra碎层云nimbostratus,Ns雨层云stratiformcloud 层状云cumuliformcloud 积状云fracto-nimbus,Fn碎雨云chaoticsky混乱天空coldcloud冷云warmcloud暖云icecloud冰云watercloud水云hailcloud冰雹云wind 风winddirect

11、ion 风向windspeed,windvelocity 风速maximumwindspeed最大风速extremewindspeed极大风速windspeedprofile风速廓线horizontalwindvector 水平风矢量windforce 风力windforcescale风级Beaufortwindscale蒲福风级calm0级风lightair1 级风lightbreeze2级风gentlebreeze3 级风moderatebreeze4 级风freshbreeze5 级风strongbreeze6 级风neargale7级风gale8级风stronggale9级风storm

12、10级风violentstorm11级风hurricane12级风gust阵风localwind 地方性风surfacewind地面风foehn焚风mountain-valleybreeze山谷风sea-landbreeze 海陆风on-shorewind向岸风off-shorewind 离岸风gorgewind峡谷风slopewind坡风glacierbreeze冰川风drainagewind流泄风visibility 能见度effectivevisibility 有效能见度visualrangeoflight灯光能见距离surfacevisibility 地面能见度horizontalvi

13、sibility 水平能见度verticalvisibility 垂直能见度精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 28 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精心整理精心整理slantvisibility 倾斜能见度meteor大气现象weatherphenomenon 天气现象clearsky晴天partlycloudy 少云cloudy 多云overcast阴天blueofthesky天空蓝度apparentformofthesky天穹形状stateofground地面状态

14、skycondition 天空状况precipitation 降水amountofprecipitation 降水量precipitationintensity 降水强度showeryprecipitation阵性降水convectiveprecipitation 对流性降水non-convectiveprecipitation非对流性降水orographicprecipitation 地形降水rain 雨rainvirga 雨幡raindrop 雨滴rainshadow雨影glaze雨凇rainday雨日rainfallamount 雨量continuousprecipitation连续性降

15、水intermittentprecipitation 间歇性降水showeryrain阵雨freezingrain 冻雨drizzle 毛毛雨lightrain 小雨moderaterain中雨heavyrain大雨torrentialrain 暴雨localprecipitation 地方性降水orographicrain地形雨storm风暴sandstorm,duststorm 沙尘暴hailstorm 雹暴haze霾hazealoft高空霾dust浮尘blowingsand高吹沙driftingsand 低吹沙dew 露frost 霜frostpoint 霜点firstfrost 初霜l

16、atestfrost终霜tornado龙卷dustdevil 尘卷风squall飑snow雪snowvirga雪幡sleet雨夹雪showerysnow阵雪snowcrystal雪晶snowflake雪花snowgrains米雪snowstorm雪暴drivensnow吹雪driftingsnow 低吹雪blowingsnow 高吹雪snowcover积雪snowfallamount雪量snowdepth雪深snowday雪日icing 积冰wireicing 电线积冰hail 冰雹hailstone雹块icepellet冰丸thunder雷thunderstorm雷暴thundershowe

17、r雷阵雨orographicthunderstorm地形雷暴thunderstormcell雷暴单体atmospherics天电lightning 闪电lightningchannel闪电通道forkedlightning 叉状闪电sheetlightning片状闪电balllightning 球状闪电streaklightning条状闪电pearl-necklacelightning串珠状闪电fog 雾mist 轻雾wetfog湿雾seafog海雾icefog冰雾frontalfog 锋面雾advectionfog平流雾精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - -

18、- 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 28 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精心整理精心整理radiationfog 辐射雾advection-radiationfog平流辐射雾mixingfog 混合雾evaporationfog蒸发雾supercooledfog过冷却雾groundfog 地面雾upslopefog上坡雾air-massfog气团雾tropicalairfog 热带气团雾rime 雾凇graupel霰percentageofsunshine 日照百分率sunshineduration日照时数durationofpossib

19、lesunshine可照时数02.大气探测atmosphericsoundingandobserving 大气探测meteorologicalobservation气象观测synopticobservation天气观测synoptichour天气观测时间principalsynopticobservation基本天气观测intermediatesynopticobservation辅助天气观测surfaceobservation地面观测visualobservation目测backgroundpollutionobservation本底污染观测fieldobservation 外场观测conv

20、entionalobservation常规观测non-conventionalobservation非常规观测shipobservation船舶观测fixedpointobservation 定点观测space-basedobservation 空基观测ground-basedobservation 地基观测mountainobservation山地观测sounding探空upperairobservation高空观测auxiliaryshipobservation,ASO辅助船舶观测aircraftsounding飞机探测rocketsounding火箭探测radiosounding无线电探

21、空captiveballoonsounding系留气球探测pilotballoonobservation 测风气球观测radiowindobservation无线电测风观测standardtimeofobservation标准观测时间actualtimeofobservation实际观测时间observationalfrequency观测次数observationalerror观测误差supplementaryobservation补充观测autographicrecords自记记录surfacedata地面资料upperairdata高空资料barometerlevel气压表高度pressu

22、rereduction 气压换算barometriccorrection气压订正internationalsynopticcode国际 天气电码networkofmeteorologicalstation气象台站网observationsite观测场meteorologicalplatform气象观测平台oceanweatherstation 海洋气象站fixedshipstation固定船舶站mobileshipstation移动船舶站mountainobservationstation高山观测站automaticmeteorologicalstation自动气象站meteorologica

23、linstrument气象仪器screen,instrumentshelter 百叶箱thermometer温度表telethermometer遥测温度表thermograph温度计geothermometer地温表surfacegeothermometer 地面温度表anglegeothermometer 曲管地温表tube-typedgeothermometer 直管地温表grassthermometer 草温表maximumthermometer最高温度表minimumthermometer最低温度表mercurythermometer水银温度表Lyman-hygrometer 莱曼-

24、湿度表bimetallicthermograph双金属片温度计barograph气压计aneroidbarograph空盒气压计mountainbarograph高山气压计barometer气压表aneroidbarometer空盒气压表ship-barometer船用气压表mountainbarometer高山气压表pressurealtimeter气压测高表normalbarometer标准气压表nationalstandardbarometer 国家标准气压表regionalstandardbarometer 区域标准气压表absolutestandardbarometer 绝对标准气压

25、表microbarograph微压计mercurybarometer水银气压表Fortinbarometer福丁气压表Kewpatternbarometer寇乌气压表精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 28 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精心整理精心整理hygrograph湿度计hygrometer湿度表psychrometer干湿表aspiratedpsychrometer 通风干湿表standardaspiratedpsychrometer 标准通风干湿表whir

26、lingpsychrometer,slingpsychrometer 手摇干湿表Assmannpsychrometer阿斯曼干湿表dew-pointhygrometer露点湿度表hairhygrometer毛发湿度表hairhygrograph毛发湿度计blackandwhitebulbthermometer黑白球温度表barothermograph气压温度计dry-bulbthermometer干球温度表wet-bulbthermometer湿球温度表sunshinerecorder日照计Jordansunshinerecorder 乔唐日照计Campbell-Stokessunshiner

27、ecorder康培尔 -司托克日照计pyrheliometer 直接辐射表pyranometer总辐射表skyradiometerdiffusometer天空辐射表albedometer反照率表pyranometer净辐射表pilot-balloonplottingboard 测风绘图板hail-rainseparator雹雨分离器evaporograph蒸发计evaporationpan小型蒸发器evaporationtank大型蒸发器standardpan标准蒸发器ceilingprojector 云幂灯visibilitymeter,visiometer 能见度表raingauge雨量器

28、pluviograph,recordingraingauge雨量计accumulativeraingauge累计雨量器tiltingbucketraingauge翻斗式雨量计electricconductivityraingauge水导式雨量计siphonrainfallrecorder虹吸式雨量计rainfallintensityrecorder 雨强计telemeteringpluviograph遥测雨量计windvane风向标anemometer风速表contactanemometer电接风速表cupanemometer转杯风速表propelleranemometer螺旋桨 式风速表an

29、emorumbometer风向风速表hot-wireanemometer热线风速表strongwindanemograph强风仪navaidwind-finding 导航测风laserceilometer激光云幂仪anemograph风速计radiotheodolite无线电经纬仪aerologicaltheodolite测风经纬仪radiosonde无线电探空仪dropsonde下投式探空仪constantlevelballoon定高气球ultrasonicanemometer 超声测风仪ceilingballoon 云幂气球meteorologicalaircraft气象飞机snowsca

30、le,snowdepthscale 量雪尺weightingsnow-gauge称雪器drosometer,dewgauge 测露表frozensoilapparatus冻土器sonde探空仪profiler 廓线仪meteorologicalrocket气象火箭soundingrocket探空火箭weatherradar天气雷达meteorologicalradar气象雷达lidar 激光雷达sodar,acousticradar 声雷达Dopplerradar多普勒天气雷达incoherentradar非相干雷达radarnetworkcomposite雷达组网radarsounding雷

31、达探空windfindingradar 测风雷达Dopplersodar多普勒声达Dopplerlidar 多普勒激光雷达MSTradarMST 雷达UHFDopplerradar超高频雷达VHFradar甚高频雷达coherentmemoryfilter,CMF相干存储滤波器radarrainfallintegrator雷达雨量积分器rangevelocitydisplay,RVD距离速度显示velocityazimuthdisplay,VAD 速度方位显示constantaltitudeplanpositionindicator,CAPPI 等 高平面位置显示器planpostionind

32、icator,PPI平面位置显示器planshearindicator,PSI平面切变显示器velocityazimuthrangedisplay,V ARD 速度方位距离显示radarsonde雷达测风仪精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 28 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精心整理精心整理atmosphericremotesensing 大气遥感inversetechnique反演法temperatureretrieval温度反演inversionofsatell

33、itesounding卫星探测反演meteorologicalsatellite气象卫星NIMBUS 雨云卫星NOAA 诺阿卫星polar-orbitingmeteorologicalsatellite 极轨气象卫星TIROS 泰罗斯卫星TIROS-N 泰罗斯-N 卫星ESSA 艾萨卫星ITOS 艾托斯卫星geostationarymeteorologicalsatellite,GMS 地 球 静止气象卫星meteorologicalsatellitegroundstation气象卫星地面站microwaveradiometer微波辐射仪highresolutioninterferometri

34、csounder高分辨 率干涉探测器highresolutioninfraredradiationsounder,HRIRS高分辨率红外辐射探测器scanningradiometer,SR扫描辐射仪veryhighresolutionradiometer,VHRR 甚高分辨率辐射仪verticaltemperatureprofileradiometer 温 度垂 直廓线辐射仪datacollectionplatform,DCP资料收集平台automaticpicturetransmission,APT自动图象传输highresolutionpicturetransmission,HRPT 高

35、分 辨率图象传输highresolutionfacsimile,HR-FAX 高分辨率 云图 传真lowresolutionfacsimile,LR-FAX 低分辨率 云图传真delaypicturetransmission,DPT延时图象传输directread-outgroundstation直读式地面站weatherfacsimile,WEFAX 天气图传真synopticdata天气资料non-synopticdata非天气资料realtimedata实时资料non-realtimedata非实时资料stretcheddata时展资料sub-satellitepoint卫星星下点tem

36、poralresolution时间分辨率spatialresolution空间分辨率fullresolution 全分辨率radiationtransferequation辐射传输方程atmospherictransmissionmodel 大气传输模式03.大气物理学atmosphericphysics大气物理 学 cloudphysics云物理学precipitationphysics降水物理学clouddynamics云动力学middleatmosphericphysics中层大气物理学aeronomy高空大气学aerology高空气象学radiometeorology无线电气象学bou

37、ndarylayermeteorology边界层气象学boundarylayerclimate边界层气候atmosphericboundarylayer大气边界层air-seainterface海气界面air-seaexchange 海气交换tracerdiffusionexperiment示踪扩散实验surfacelayer近地层surfaceroughness 地面粗糙度atmosphericduct大气波导advection平流convection对流freeconvection自由对流forcedconvection强迫对流convectioncell对流单体Benardcell贝纳胞

38、Benardconvection贝纳对流convectionmodel对流模式updraught上曳气流downdraught下曳气流transitionalflow 过渡气流drydeposition干沉降wetdeposition湿沉降aerosol气溶胶aerosolparticlesizedistribution气溶胶粒子谱aqueousaerosol 湿气溶胶stratosphericaerosol 平流层气溶胶hailgenerationzone冰雹生成区conicalhail 锥形冰雹hailembryo雹核haillobe雹瓣hailpellet 雹粒cumulonimbusm

39、odel积雨云模式condensationprocess 凝结过程cloudcondensationnuclei,CCN云凝结核artificialnucleation 人工成核作用精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 28 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精心整理精心整理cloudtoptemperature云顶温度ice-watermixedcloud冰水混合云cloudstructure云结构cloudparticlesampler云滴采样器clouddroplet

40、-sizedistribution 云滴谱clouddropletcollector 云滴谱仪raindropsizedistribution 雨滴谱drop-sizedistributionparameter滴谱参数disdrometer,raindropdisdrometer雨滴谱仪fog-drop 雾滴clouddroplet 云滴supercooledclouddroplet过冷云滴dropspectrum滴谱collision 碰撞coagulation碰并icecrystal冰晶iceneedle冰针icenucleus冰核icepoint 冰点condensation凝结evap

41、oration蒸发potentialevaporation潜在蒸发solidification 凝固deposition凝华sublimation 升华freezing 冻结freezingnucleus冻结核condensationnucleus 凝结核saltnucleus盐核cloudchamber云室combustionnucleus燃烧核depositionnucleus凝华核weathermodification 人工影响天气targetarea目标区clouddissipation消云salt-seeding盐粉播撒frostprevention防霜cloudseeding播云c

42、loudseedingagent播云剂artificialprecipitation 人工降水hailsuppression防雹fogdissipation 消雾dynamiccloudseeding动力播云radarmeteorology雷达气象学meteorologicalradarequation气象雷达方程radarmeteorologicalobservation雷达气象观测radarreflectivityfactor 雷达反射率因子radarequivalentreflectivityfactor 雷达等效反射率因子weatherecho天气回波cloudecho云回波echow

43、all回波墙superrefractionecho超折射回波secondtripecho二次回波incoherentecho非相干回波coherentecho相干回波groundecho地物回波clearairecho晴空回波convectiveecho对流回波whirlingecho 涡旋状回波spiralrain-bandecho螺旋雨带回波layeredecho层状回波bandedecho 带状回波hookecho钩状回波weakechovault弱回波穹窿precipitationecho降水回波angelecho异常回波elevatedecho雨幡回波cellecho单体回波supe

44、rcell超级单体multiple-cellecho 多单体回波echocomplex回波复合体cloudtopheight,CTH 云顶高度echodepth回波厚度echocharacter 回波特征echoanalysis回波分析echodistortion回波畸变radarreflectivity 雷达反射率superrefraction超折射negativerefraction负折射troposphericrefraction对流层折射beamfillingcoefficient 波束充塞系数rangebin距离库rangeaveraging距离平均azimuthaveraging方

45、位平均rangeresolution距离分辨率azimuthresolution方位角分辨率numberofrangesamples 距离采样数coherent-videosignal相干视频信号quantizedsignal量化信号depolarizationratio退偏振比rotationband转动谱带精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 28 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精心整理精心整理Dopplervelocity 多普勒速度rangeambiguity距

46、离模糊maximumunambiguousrange最大不模糊距离velocityambiguity 速度模糊realtimedisplay实时显示patternrecognitiontechnique图形识别技术trackingradarechoesbycorrelation,TREC雷达回波相关跟踪法thunderstormmonitoring雷暴监测grayscale灰色标度cloudattenuation云衰减precipitationattenuation降水衰减rangeattenuation距离衰减echosyntheticchart回波综合图iso-echocontour等回波

47、线normalizedechointensity归一化回波强度isolatedcell孤立单体weakcell 弱单体satellitemeteorology卫星气象学satellitesounding卫星探测cloudcluster云团satellitecloudpicture卫星云图sectorizedcloudpicture分区云图picturemosaic拼图imageprocessing图象处理distortioncorrection 畸变校正infraredcloudpicture 红外云图visiblecloudpicture 可见光云图nulti-spectralimage,M

48、SI 多波段图象microwaveimage微波图象imageresolution图象分辨率digitizedcloudmap 数字化云图enhancedcloudpicture增强云图false-colorcloudpicture 假彩色云图pseudo-colorcloudpicture伪彩色云图full-disccloudpicture 全景圆盘云图nephanalysis云层分析图brightnesstemperature 亮度温度cloudcoverage云覆盖区cloudstreet云街cloudline 云线spiralcloudband螺旋云带monsooncloudclust

49、er季风云团tropicalcloudcluster 热带云团squallcloud飑线云shieldcloud盾状云opencloudcells 开口型细胞状云closecloudcells 封闭型细胞状云cellularpattern细胞状云cloudsystem云系commacloudsystem逗点云系bandedcloudsystem 带状云系vortexcloudsystem涡旋云系jetstreamcloudsystem 急流云系satellitederivedwind卫星云迹风satellitecloudpictureanalysis卫星云图分析limbscanningmeth

50、od临边扫描法limbretrieval 临边反演occultationmethod掩星法backscatterultraviolettechnique紫外辐射后向散射法linearinversion线性反演watervaporretrieval水汽反演humidityretrieval 湿度反演limbbrightening 临边增亮limbdarkening临边变暗sunglint日照亮斑atmosphericradiation大气辐射solarradiation太阳辐射solarconstant太阳常数monochromaticradiation单色辐射outgoinglong-wave