2022年定语从句专项教师用.pdf
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1、学习好资料欢迎下载定语从句专项教师用复合句中,修饰某一名词的从句叫定语从句,被修饰的名词或代名词称为先行句。定语从句常由关系词来引导,关系次分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词和关系副词不但在句中引导定语从句,而且在定语从句中担任成分。理清两种关系词:一. 关系代词I. 关系代词及其用法(1)who 指人,常在句中作主语。例如:The man is a policeman. He is shaking hands with my father. The man who is shaking hands with my father is policeman. (2)whom 也指人,在从句中作宾语
2、,常常可以省略。例如:The professor has gone to Shanghai. You wish to see him. The professor(whom)you wish to see has gone to Shanghai. (3)whose 通常即指人也指物,在从句总常常作定语即whose +n. =n. +of which/whom 例 1. I live in a room. Its windows face the south. I live in a room whose windows face the south= 例 2. This is the wom
3、an scientist. Her name is known all over the country. This is the woman scientist whose name is known all over the country That tree, whose branches are are almost bare, is very old. (4)which 指物,在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略例 1.China is a country. It has a long history. .China is a country which has a long hi
4、story. (5)that 既可以指人,又可以指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语里可以省略例 1:The woman used to live next door. She spike to me in the shop 例 2.There are some interesting TV plays. I d like to see them 注意: such.as. 如此。 。 。以至于例如:We have never heard such stories as he tells.我们从未听过他讲那样的故事。As引导定语从句,做tell 的宾语The same.as / that. 与
5、。 。 。一样的例如: She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore.(as强调事物的相似性 ) 她穿着跟她妹妹穿的一样的裙子She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary s wedding. (that 指同一事物 ) 她穿着她在玛丽的婚礼上传的那条连衣裙。II.关系副词 1、关系副词及其用法(1)when表示时间,其先行词往往表示时间的名词(time,day, hour,year 等) 。例如:From the time when he was little, he had known w
6、hat he wanted to be when he when he grew up. 但如果表示时间的名词作动词的宾语时,这时定语从句that which/ 用引导e.g. l. Ill never forget the days which that/ I spent with my grandma in the country. (2) 表示地点,其先行词往往是表示地点的名词(place, room, house, street, area等) 。例如 : This is the house where I used to live a year ago. 但如果表示地点的名词作动词的
7、宾语时,这时定语从句用引导that/which/This is the house that/which /we saw at the foot of the hill. (3)表示原因,常用先行词the reason 后面。例如: I dont know the reason why she looks unhappy today. 但如果作先行词the reason动词的宾语时,这时定语从句用引导that/which/This is the reason which /that/he explained to us just now. The reason which /that she
8、gives for not coming to the jparty is that her mother won t let her. Is that the reason why you are in favour of the proposal? 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 18 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载Give me one good reason why I should help you. III 、 “介词 ” +whic
9、hwhom 1)介词的确定方法根据先行词来确定介词。The reason for which I came here is that I want to get your help. Yesterday we had a meeting at which we discussed many problems. This is the train by which we travelled yesterday. The freezing point is the temperature at which water changes into ice. 根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词来选用介词。
10、The dog, of which she used to be afraid is her favorite animal now. This is the man from whom we must learn. Dont talk about such things of which you are not sure. 根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定介词。 Water, without which man cant live, is really important. This is the map, without which we couldnt arrived here on ti
11、me. 2)介词的位置 (1)介词一般放在关系代词which 或 whom 之前,但也可放在原来的位置上。如:This is the man form whom I learned the news. =This is the man (that whom )I learned the mews form. 从上句我们可以看出,引导词如果不是跟在介词后做宾语,不仅可以用 that和 whom ,而且还可省略。但要注意:介词和从句中的动词是固定词组时,这个介词一般不前置。如: The babies whom the nurses are looking aftor are very health
12、y. (2)名词 +of which whom 此结构可替换为“whose+名词”结构。This is the man the son of whom is a famous writer. (3)不定代词 + of which whom 在这一结构中, 常用的不定代词有all, any, both, each, none, some, most 等。The old man has two sons, both of whom are doctors. (4)数次+ of which whom 这一结构中的数词, 既可以是基数词和序数词,也可以是分数词和百分数词。I bought some b
13、ooks from the bookstore, five of which were English novels. In our factory are 800 workers, 40 percent of whom are women. (5)形容词最高级 + of which whom She has six children, the cleverest of whom is John. (6)介词 +which+名词 I often get up at six, at which time when it is still very dark in winter. He visit
14、ed America and Canada,in which countrieswhere he had a good time. IV 、关系副词与介词的关系(1)at/in/on/during +which 可代替 when,在定语从句中作时间状语。例如: I will never forget the day on which=when I joined the army. (2)at/in/to +which 可代替 where,在定语从句中作地点状语。例如: What is the name of the town in which=where we stayed yesterday
15、? (3) for which =why , 在定语从句中作reason的定语。例如:I don t know the reason for which =why he left here for Japan. IIV 、that 和 which 的区别 : 1、which 可以引导非限制性定语众句,that 不能。例如:He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 2、which 之前可以有介词,而that 之前则不能有。例如:That is the house in which Mark Twain u
16、sed to live. 3、一个句子中若有两个定语从句,一个用that 引导,另一个必须用which 引导例如:He bought an American magazine that could give him so much English knowledge and which could help him to kill the time. 他买了本既可以丰富他英语知识又可以消磨时间的美国杂志注意:两者常可互换,但在下列情况下一般只用that,而不用 which 或 who. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - -
17、- - - - - - -第 2 页,共 18 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载(1)当先行词是不定代词all, little, few, much, none, anything, nothing, everything 等时。 I have said all that I want to (2)当先行词被最高级、序数词以及the very, the only, the last 等修饰时。This is the first play that I have seen since I came here. (3)当先行词被all, little, much, s
18、ome, any, no, every 等词修饰时。例如: There is little work that you can do. 几乎没有你能做的事。(4)当先行词由指人、物的两个并列的名词构成时。They talked about the men and the things that they saw. (5)当主句是以which 或 who 开头的特殊问句时。Which is the hotel that he stayed at last night? 他昨天晚上住的是哪一家旅馆?Who is the woman that shook hands with you just no
19、w? 刚才与你握手的那位妇女是谁?(6)当引导词在从句中作表语时。China isn t the country that it was. 中国已不是过去的那个样子了。在下列的情况下通常只用which 而不用 that 。(1)关系代词前有介词,即关系代词直接做宾语时。This is the ship by which we went to Japan. 这时我们去日本乘坐的船。IIIV .定语从句中谓语动词的单复数1、如关系代词在定语从句中作主语,谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。Do you know the boy who is standing under the tree? 2、在“ on
20、e of +复数名词 +定语从句”结构中,复数名词是先行词,引导词在定语从句中作主语时,其谓语动词复数。但当one 前有 the only,且 one 是先行词时,定于从句的谓语动词要用单数。如: He is one of the students who have been to Beijing. 他是去过北京的学生之一。He is the only one of the students who has been to Beijing. 他是唯一去过北京的学生。一、定语从句基本用法练习题:一、用 who whom which that whose as填空1. 1.I like the b
21、ook _you lent to me. 2.The boy _ is studying near the door is my brother. 3.They planted the flowers _ didn t need much water.4.The dictionary _ my father bought for me is very useful to. 5.The teacher _ went to see me yesterday is Mr. Li. 6.The girl _ I talked with just now will go to Beijing. 7.Mr
22、. Read is the person _ you should write to. 8.He is the boy _ father is a doctor. 9.Do you know the owner of the house _ windows face south? 10.The boss in _ department Mr. King worked called at the hospital. 11.I still remember the day _ is my birthday. 12._we have seen, the earth is round. 13._we
23、know, Tai Wan belongs to China. 14.The road _ has now been built stronger was destroyed in the earthquake. 15.The soldiers have saved the people _ were in danger. 16. The waiter _ served us tea was very friendly and polite. 17.A dictionary is a book _ you can use to learn more words. 18. What was th
24、e name of the farmer _ discovered the tomb of Qin Shi Huang. 19. The bus _ runs every half hour goes to the airport. 20.They are talking about the things and people _they saw there yesterday. 21.I like the man _ he was ten years ago. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - -
25、-第 3 页,共 18 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载22.This is the boy _ I have been looking for 23.This is the film _ I have ever seen. 二、定语从句的基本用法练习:(一)、用 why where when which that 填空1.I dont know the reason _ he didn t come. 2.The is the school _ we study every year. 3.This is the school _we visited yeste
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