2022年定语从句难题讲解.pdf

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1、学习必备欢迎下载定语从句难题讲解同学们在定语从句的复习中应该注意以下要点：（一）关系代词 that 和 which 使用时应注意的几点1在下列情况下只用that ，不用 which 先行词是 all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much, the one等不定代词时There is nothing ( that ) I can do. I mean the one that was brought yesterday. 先行词被 all, any, every, no, some, little, much等词修饰时I have read a

2、ll the books (that) you gave me. You may take home any of these books that you like. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时This is the first composition (that)he has written in English. This is the best novel (that) I have ever read. 先行词被 the only, the very(正是, 恰是), the same, the last修饰时The white flower is the only one

3、( that) I really like. This is the very book (that) I want to find. The last place( that) we visited was the hospital. This is the same watch that I lost yesterday. 当先行词有两个或两个以上时, 既有人又有物 , 定语从句用 that 引导(that既可指人也可指物 ) He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited. 2下列情况不能使用that, 而用 wh

4、ich that 不能引导非限制性定语从句精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习必备欢迎下载Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world. that不能置于介词之后（介词后指物用which, 指人用 whom ）The person to whom I am speaking just now is our English teach

5、er. The prize for which he worked so hard was a new bicycle. （二） as 做关系代词的用法1关系代词常出现在the sameas, such as, so as, as as 等结构中This is not such a book as I expected. I live in the same building as he (lives in). Here is so big a stone as no man can lift. As many children as came here were my fathers pup

6、ils. the same that 和 the sameas的区别I have bought the same watch as you have. 我买了一块和你一样的手表。 （我的手表和你的手表很像， 但不是同一块。 ）This is the same watch that I lost. 这就是我丢的那块手表。（这手表和我丢的手表是同一块）2as 引导非限制性定语从句，指代逗号前的整个句子（即先行词），可置于句首或句末。This elephant is like a snake, as anybody can see. Mary was late for school, as ofte

7、n happened. As is known to all, the earth is round. as 指代一句话和 which 指代一句话的用法区别as 的这种用法通常出现在一些固定短语之中如：1as has been said before 如上所述精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习必备欢迎下载2as may be imagined正如可以想象出来的那样3as is well known 众所周知4as was exp

8、ected正如预料的那样5as has been already pointed out正如已经指出的那样6as we all can see 正如我们都会看到的那样which 则不需要，例如：The man died last night, which is a lie. as 替代一句话即可放句首也可放句末，而which 只能放句末。（三）定语从句中的主谓一致引导词在定语从句中作主语时， 其谓语动词人称和数要根据引导词所指内容而定。例如：1. Here are such sentences as are often used by the students. ( as指代 sentence

9、s ，谓语动词用 are) 。2. I, who am a Party member, should work hard for our country.( who指代 I, 谓语用 am.)。3. He was one of the students who were praised for it. ( who指代the students) 他是被表扬的学生之一。4. He was the only one of the students who was praised for it. ( who 指 the only one)他是唯一被表扬的学生。（四）易与定语从句混淆的其他复合句1定语从

10、句与同位语从句定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系“。的（名词）”。而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。与that 从句同位的名词必须是一些表事实或概念的抽象名词，如fact, news, belief, truth, reply等。that 在定语从句中作成分，可用which 或 who/whom 代替；而 that 在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。试比较： We all have heard the news that our team won. (同位语从句，that从句表示 news的内容， that 在从句中不作任何成分 ) 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 -

11、- - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习必备欢迎下载 We dont believe the news that/which he told us yesterday. ( 定语从句， that 作 told 的宾语 ) 2定语从句与状语从句。试比较： He left the key where he had been an hour before. (where 引导地点状语从句，相当于in the place where) He left the place whe

12、re he lived for many years. (where 引导定语从句，修饰the place) He is such a good teacher as all of us love and respect. (as 引导定语从句 ) He is such a good teacher that we all like him. (that引导结果状语从句 ,such that “如此以致” 3 定语从句与主语从句。试比较： As is known to us all, paper was first made in China. (as 引导定语从句，指代整个主句内容，可置于句

13、首) It is known to us all that paper was first made in China. (it 做形式主语，代替 that 引导的主语从句 ) 4 定语从句与强调结构。试比较： It is the house where I met the young man. (where 引导定语从句，修饰house，where 在定语从句中作地点状语 ) It was in the house that I met the young man. ( 本句为强调结构，可还原为I met the young man in the house.) 下面咱们一起来分析几道定语从

14、句的难题。例 1It is the young man _ looked for _ caught the murderer. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习必备欢迎下载A. that who B. that they C . they that D theywhich 分析：答案是 C。本题考查了定语从句和强调句式。强调句式的结构是“It is + 强调部分 + that/who . ”。 they looked for前

15、省略了关系代词 that,因为先行词 the young man 在从句中做 looked for的宾语。强调句为It is the young man who/that caught the murderer.本句意思是“是那个他们寻找的年轻人抓住了杀人犯”。例 2Is this factory _ we visited last year? A. where B in which C the one D at which 分析：做这题首先要明白一个概念。 被定语从句修饰的名词前一般都有the ，因为它已被限定。所以此题还原成陈述句应该是this factory is_ we visited

16、 last year. 而不是 this is factory _ we visited last year.知道这一点后做题容易了，不能选A, B, D 。因为句子没有先行词。所以答案是C。从句前省略了关系代词that/which。题目如改为 Is this the factory _we visited last year? 空格处应该用 which 或 that 。例 3The book, the cover _ is broken, is not mine. A. of it B for C whose D of which 分析：答案是 D。先行词 the book 代入从句应该是

17、the cover of the book is broken.相当于 whose cover 。例 4This is Mr Smith, _ I think has something interesting to tell you. A who B whom C that D x 分析：此题同学们容易错选B，认为先行词 Mr. Smith 做 think 的宾语。 I think, you think, do you think 等表明某人观点的短语是插入语。插入语的特点是去掉不影响句子表达。 所以做题时遇到插入语， 先去掉，This is Mr. Smith, _ has somethi

18、ng interesting to tell you。很容易得到答案A. 例 5Who _ has seen the TV film doesnt admire it? A that B who C which D as 分析：先行词是 who ，到是指人，可为了避免重复，不用who ，而用能指代人的 that 。答案是 A。例 6You can never imagine what great trouble I have had _ the patient who Received a serious wound. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - -

19、 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习必备欢迎下载A. treat B. to treat C treating D treated 分析：迷惑的答案是 D ，同学们容易根据 had 确定用过去分词。 而做好这题，关键是知道句型 have trouble(difficult) doing sth 做某事有困难。定语从句部分是 I have had (great trouble)treating the patient.而 patient 后又有一个定语从句。答案是C。例 7This is the last

20、 time _ I shall give you a lesson. A. when B that C which D in which 分析：答案是 B。这里的 time 不指时间，而是次数。所以用that 引导。例 8I don t like the way _ you laugh at her. A that B on which C which D as 分析：此题先行词是the way ，用. 方式的短语是 in this way。所以定语从句应该是 in which you laugh at her。但习惯上也可说that you laugh at her。或者什么也不用 you laugh at her。答案是 A。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - -