欧美促进通用航空产业发展的法律与政策及其对中国的启示_欧阳彦美.docx
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1、中图分类号: TQ028.1 UDC分类号: 540 欧美促进通用航空产业发展的法律与政策及其对 中国的启示 作者姓名 学院名称 指导教师 答辩委员会主席 申请学位 学科专业 学位授予单位 论文答辩日期 欧阳彦美 法学院 李寿平教授 江国青教授 法学硕士 国际法学 北京理工大学 2015年 1月 The Legal System of Promoting the Development of General Aviation Industry in Europe and the USA and Its Inspiration to China Candidate Name: School or
2、 Department: Faculty Mentor: Chair, Thesis Committee Degree Applied: Major: Degree by: The Date of Defence: Yanmei Ouvang _ Law _ Prof. Shouping Li _ Prof. Guoqing Jiang _ Master of Law _ International Law _ Beijing Institute of Technology January, 2015 _ 研究成果声明 本人郑重声明:所提交的学位论文是我本人在指导教师的指导下 进行的研究工作获
3、得的研究成果。尽我所知,文中除特别标注和致谢 的地方外,学位论文中不包含其他人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果, 也不包含为获得北京理工大学或其它教育机构的学位或证书所使用 过的材料。与我一同工作的合作者对此研究工作所做的任何贡献均已 在学位论文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。 特此申明。 通用航空作为民用航空的重要组成部分,在国家经济,社会发展以及国防安 全等领域都发挥着重要的作用。但是长期以来,由于低空空域管制严格等问题导 致我国通用航空产业一直未能得到快速高效的发展。随着中国经济发展和社会进 步,通用航空产业发展面临新的发展机遇,本文分析了欧美促进通用航空产业发 展的法律与政策,试图总结并构建出
4、一套符合我国国情的政策法律体系。本文主 要分为四部分: 第一部分通过介绍美国通用航空产业的发展历程,分 析美国如何通过法律与 政策促进其通用航空制造业,空域管理,通用航空保障体系以及通用航空飞行员 队伍的建设,通过借鉴美国的法律与政策经验对如何促进我国通用航空产业的发 展进行了研究。 第二部分阐述了欧盟通用航空产业的发展历程,分析了在 “ 清洁天空 ” 计划 引导下欧洲通用航空制造业的发展现状,以及如何通过 “ 单一天空计划 ” 促进欧 洲空域管理一体化的进程,并就基于欧洲航空安全局管理的空域及保障体系进行 研究,分析了欧盟飞行员培养制度存在的优缺点,通过借鉴欧盟的法律与政策经 验对如何促进我
5、国通用航空产业的发展进行了研究。 第三部分通过分析我国通用航空产业发展现状,总结出我国通用航空制造业 落后、保障体系不完善、低空空域管制严格、飞行员奇缺等制约我国通用航空产 业发展的核心问题。 第四部分根据目前我国通用航空的实际需求,通过借鉴欧美通用航空产业发 展的法律与政策,强调在通用航空制造业上,我国既要依托于民航制造业的发展, 也应重视其独立性,在加大资金投入力度的同时,注重政府的引导职能,加强自 主研发能力,引导制造业向合理健康的方向发展;同时随着部分试点地区 1000 米下低空空域逐步开放,空域管理上的问题将会日益凸显,我国应尽快 制定出一 套区域化的管理制度,合理划分禁飞区与开放区
6、域,既要保证人们的生产生活需 要,又能保障民航,应急医疗及军用航空的安全;于此同时应完善通用航空保障 体系建设,通过设立专职部门对通用机场建设,航线规划,飞行审批,后勤保障 等进行统一管理;另外就飞行员培养方面,应适当降低准入门槛,采取多级执照 制度,区分通用航空飞行员等级,让更多的人投身到通用航空产业的发展中。 关键词:通用航空;制造业;保障体系;低空空域管理;飞行员培训 Abstract As a crucial part of civil aviation, general aviation has played an important role in the development
7、of economy, social progress and other fields in the country. But due to unopened low altitude airspace, the development of general aviation industry in China is still at the stage of forming and growing. With the development of economy and social progress, the general aviation industry in China is f
8、acing new opportunities for its development. This paper analyzes the legal system of promoting the development of general aviation industry in Europe and the USA so as to propose a set of policies and legal system in line with the situation of our country. The main content of this paper includes fou
9、r parts. The first part introduces the development of American general aviation industry, and also fully summarizes how does the United States promote its development of general aviation manufacturing industry under its General Aviation Revitalization Act. Besides, this paper states that the Federal
10、 Aviation Administration has played a positive role in airspace management and construction of general aviation security system, and also studies about the multi-level training license issued for general aviation pilots. The second part states the development of European general aviation industry, e
11、specially introduces the status of general aviation manufacturing industry in Europe under the policy of Clean Sky , and how does the European promote the process of integration in airspace management under the Act of Single European Sky. Besides, this paper states that the general aviation security
12、 system in Europe and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of existing European training system for general aviation pilots. The third part of this paper introduces the status of general aviation industry in China, and summarizes the development of general aviation industry is still at the stag
13、e of forming and growing, where the slow development of manufacturing industry, the imperfectness of the general aviation security system, unopened low altitude airspace and the shortage of general aviation pilots are particularly prominent. The fourth part of this paper states the current actual ne
14、eds of general aviation industry in China and suggests that the Chinese government should actively analyze and learn from the advanced experience of rule of law on the general aviation industry development in Europe and the USA to promote the development of general aviation industry in China through
15、 its own policy and legal system. As for the general aviation manufacturing industry, it is necessary for general aviation to not only rely on the development of the civil aviation manufacturing industry in China, but also should pay more attention to their independence. When capital investment is c
16、onsidered to put into the development of the general aviation manufacturing industry, the Chinese government should pay more attention to its guided functions and strengthen capabilities of research and development; as for airspace management, parts of the pilot areas under 1000 meters altitude grad
17、ually open, along with the issue of airspace management. To solve this problem, the Chinese government should develop a regionalized management system as soon as possible to rationally divide no-fly zones and open areas, which is necessary to ensure living needs for people and protect the safety of
18、civil aviation, medical emergency and military aviation. At the same time, it is necessary to improve the general aviation security system through the establishment of a full-time department in general aviation airports, the planning of flying routes and approval of flight for unified management; in
19、 addition, as for the pilot training, it is necessary to appropriately lower standards which pilots can access to and develop a multi-stage licensing system to make a distinction on grades between general aviation pilots, so that so many people can join in for the development of general aviation. Ke
20、ywords: general aviation; manufacturing industry; security system; low altitude airspace management; pilots training HI 目录 第 1 章绪 论 . 1 1.1研究背景和研究意义 . 1 1.2国内外研究现状及研究方法 . 3 第 2章美国促进通用航空产业发展的法律与政策 . 5 2. 1通用航空振兴法促进通用航空制造业的发展 . 5 2.2机场和航线发展法加强通用航空服务保障体系的建设 . 7 2. 2. 1通用机场及服务保障政策法 规 . 7 2. 2. 2通用航空安全监管
21、政策法规 . 8 2. . 3放松管制法及运输安全与稳定法完善通航安全保障体系 . 9 2. 3. 1宽松的空域 . 9 2. 3. 2完善的空域安全监管体系 . 10 2.4 “ 雏鹰计划 ” 对通用航空飞行人员培养的推进 . 10 第 3章欧盟促进通用航空产业发展的法律与政策 . 12 3. 1启动 “ 清洁天空 ” 计划促进欧盟通用航空制造业发展 . 12 3. 2颁布 “ 单一天空 ” 计划改革欧盟空域管理制度 . 13 3. 2. 1“ 欧 洲 单 一 天 空 计 划 ” 13 3. 2. 2通用航空安全监管政策 . 15 3. 3制定 “ 运输自由化规章 ” 完善欧盟通用航空保障体
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