葡萄酒培训资料2.pptx
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1、Wine Training Program Level 2葡萄酒培训课程 - 2爱菲拉酒庄爱菲拉酒庄Training guidelineoWho can deliver?oTarget audienceoTime oMaterials checklist:oAll sales and training managersoAll restaurant staffoLecture 60 minutes oExam 10 minutes oCD-Rom, Lap-top, Projector, exam sheets, printed materials, wine list of the clie
2、nt , 1 bottle of wine for tastingTable of contents目录目录I) Wine making processII) Main wine regionsFrance (Bordeaux, Burgundy, Champagne) ClassificationItaly (Piedmont, Tuscany, Veneto) Classification Spain (Rioja, Catalonia) classificationI) I) 葡萄酒酿造葡萄酒酿造II)II) 主要葡萄酒产区主要葡萄酒产区 法国(波尔多,勃根蒂,香槟地区)分级 意大利(皮
3、尔蒙特, 托卡纳,维纳图地区)分级 西班牙(里奥哈,卡特卢那地区)分级Table of contents 目录目录美国,加利福尼亚,分级澳大利亚(南澳洲,西澳洲,新南部,维多利亚)新西兰智利阿根廷南非III) 葡萄酒杯葡萄酒杯IV)葡萄酒保存葡萄酒保存USA, California, ClassificationAustralia (South Australia,Western Australia, New South Wales, Victoria)New ZealandChileArgentinaSouth AfricaIII) Wine Glasses IV) Wine Conserv
4、ation II Wine making process 葡萄酒酿造程序Red wine红葡萄酒White wine白葡萄酒Ros wine玫瑰葡萄酒Sparkling wine汽泡酒Fortified wine加强葡萄酒Red Wine Making Process红葡萄酒酿制过程红葡萄酒酿制过程 oRed grapes are first crushed and de-stemmed, then placed into a container. 红葡萄红葡萄 先去梗压榨,然后放入容器先去梗压榨,然后放入容器oThe alcoholic fermentation will start, at
5、 the same time maceration is taking place 接下来,酒精发酵就开始了,浸渍也在同步接下来,酒精发酵就开始了,浸渍也在同步进行进行oDuring that time the tannins, flavors and coloring substances will dissolve into what is going to become wine (the must).在此期间在此期间,丹宁、丹宁、香味及颜色等物质逐香味及颜色等物质逐 渐溶解入即将产生的葡萄酒中。渐溶解入即将产生的葡萄酒中。 White Wine Making Process 白葡萄酒酿
6、制过程白葡萄酒酿制过程 Whilst red wines are fermented with the skins and pips, the specificity of wine making process lies in the absence of maceration 红葡萄酒和籽红葡萄酒和籽,皮一起发酵皮一起发酵, 白葡萄酒酿白葡萄酒酿制过程的特别之处在于没有浸渍。制过程的特别之处在于没有浸渍。 When making a wine, the juice is separated from the skins immediately 酿制白葡萄酒时,果汁和果皮是压榨后酿制白葡萄酒
7、时,果汁和果皮是压榨后马上分离的。酿酒时,只使用葡萄汁马上分离的。酿酒时,只使用葡萄汁。Ros Wine Making Process 玫瑰葡萄酒酿制过程玫瑰葡萄酒酿制过程 If you allow only a few hours of maceration, the wine will pick up some coloration from theskins, and the wine is only . 如果仅有短时间的浸渍,葡萄酒的颜色就不如果仅有短时间的浸渍,葡萄酒的颜色就不会很深会很深 Only Champagne can use the direct blending of a
8、nd wines to produce wines. 只有香槟可以直接使用白葡萄酒和红葡萄酒只有香槟可以直接使用白葡萄酒和红葡萄酒 的混合来调制玫瑰葡萄酒的混合来调制玫瑰葡萄酒。oDuring a second fermentation, yeast converts sugar into alcohol and gas (Co2)在第二次发酵过程中,酵母把糖份转化为酒精和气体(二氧化碳)在第二次发酵过程中,酵母把糖份转化为酒精和气体(二氧化碳)3 methods / 种方法种方法Highest quality高质量1 - Secondary fermentation in bottle 瓶中
9、二次发酵瓶中二次发酵2 - Secondary fermentation in a tank 桶中二次发酵桶中二次发酵3 - Carbonation 二氧化碳法二氧化碳法Sparkling Wine Making Process气泡葡萄酒的酿制过程气泡葡萄酒的酿制过程Lowest quality低质量 Second Fermentation in Bottle瓶中二次发酵瓶中二次发酵oThe Traditional Method, used for the production of champagne and fine sparkling wines: 传统的酿造方法,用于制作香槟和比较好的
10、汽泡传统的酿造方法,用于制作香槟和比较好的汽泡酒。酒。oA mixture of wine, sugar and yeast is added to the still wine and will set off a further fermentation in the bottle to create the sparkle. 把葡萄酒、糖和酵母的混合物加入一般葡萄酒中,把葡萄酒、糖和酵母的混合物加入一般葡萄酒中,会在瓶中引起第二次发酵产生汽泡。会在瓶中引起第二次发酵产生汽泡。 Tank Method & Carbonation 桶中二次发酵桶中二次发酵&二氧化碳法二氧化碳法o Tank
11、Method: (or Charmat method) Dry base wine is placed together with sugar and yeast in a sealed tank, then the second fermentation takes place. 桶中发酵:将静止干葡萄酒作为基酒,加入糖和酵母,放入密封的酒桶中发酵:将静止干葡萄酒作为基酒,加入糖和酵母,放入密封的酒桶中进行二次发酵。桶中进行二次发酵。 Chief Advantage: a much lower cost, but quality cannot match the traditional me
12、thod 主要优点:成本大幅度降低,但是难以达到传统方法酿制的质量。主要优点:成本大幅度降低,但是难以达到传统方法酿制的质量。o Carbonation: artificially added bubbles. Very inexpensive but low quality 二氧化碳法:人工加入汽泡,非常便宜,但是质量较低二氧化碳法:人工加入汽泡,非常便宜,但是质量较低。Fortified Wines 加强葡萄酒加强葡萄酒oWines in which grape based spirit is added either after the fermentation or during th
13、e fermentation. 在发酵后或发酵过程中,加入由白兰地在发酵后或发酵过程中,加入由白兰地oThis operation is called the fortification of the wine这个过程叫做葡萄酒的加强。这个过程叫做葡萄酒的加强。oExamples: 1)Port (Fortified during fermentation) 2)Sherry (Fortified after fermentation)例如:例如: 1) 钵酒钵酒 (发酵过程中加强)(发酵过程中加强) 2)雪利酒)雪利酒 (发酵后加强(发酵后加强)II Main Wine Regions 主要
14、葡萄酒产区 II Main Wine Countries 主要葡萄酒产酒国主要葡萄酒产酒国Old World旧旧世界世界France法国法国 2*Italy意大利意大利 1*Spain西班牙西班牙3*New World新新世界世界USA美国美国 4*Australia澳大利亚澳大利亚6*Chile智利智利Argentina 阿根廷阿根廷5*New Zealand新西兰新西兰South Africa南非南非*Top six producers in volume产量前六名国家产量前六名国家 (Southern hemisphere + USA)南半球美国南半球美国 (European Count
15、ries)欧洲国家欧洲国家French Wines法国葡萄酒法国葡萄酒 oMother country for fine wines 优质葡萄酒的故乡oOne of the highest levels of consumptions: 55 liters人均葡萄酒消费高,55升/人oAOC terroir AOC产区的自然条件oComplete vineyards 酒庄众多oThe barrel is a French invention 葡萄酒桶由高卢人发明French Wine Regions法国葡萄酒产区法国葡萄酒产区Bordeaux Wine Regions 波尔多产区波尔多产区Ma
16、in appellations:主要产区Medoc:梅多克Graves:格莱夫Sauternes:苏丹Saint-Emilion:圣爱美隆Pomerol:宝物隆Bordeaux Wines波尔多葡萄酒波尔多葡萄酒oLeft bank: more suitable for Cabernet Sauvignon, Right bank for Merlot左岸:更适合种植加本力苏维翁(赤霞珠),右岸更适合梅洛o1855 official listing of the best wines. 61 crus classes in 5 categories. 官方列出最佳葡萄酒:包括5大类、61种头等
17、苑葡萄酒o5 first growths: Chateau Lafite Rothschild, Chateau Latour, Chateau Margaux, Chateau Haut-Brion, Chateau Mouton Rothschild 五大酒庄:莎都拉菲城堡,拉图城堡,玛歌法定产区,布里翁高地古堡(奥比安)、木桐罗希尔古堡oRight bank: Top appellations are Saint-Emilion and Pomerol右岸:最高产区是圣爱美隆和宝物隆法定产区三大酒庄:白马庄 奥颂庄 柏图斯庄Burgundy Wines 勃根蒂葡萄酒勃根蒂葡萄酒oSome
18、 of the greatest wines in the world ranked according to the micro-climates 世界上一些最好的葡萄酒的等级划分是根据微气候的oSmall and family owned estates较小的家族酒庄o669 AC, 30000 hectares / 公顷669个法定产区,oPrecise hierarchy as pyramid:精确的金字塔等级划分oRed wines are made out ofo Pinot Noir 红葡萄酒主要由黑皮诺葡萄制成- White wines of Chardonnay 白葡萄酒主要
19、由莎当妮制成Champagne香槟地区香槟地区oThe best sparkling wine in the world世界上最好的汽泡酒产区oIn the north of France on a chalky rock 法国北部的石灰岩区域o3 Grape varieties: Pinot Noir, Pinot Meunier and Chardonnay 3种葡萄品种:黑皮诺,皮诺莫妮亚,莎当妮oInvention of the secondary fermentation in the bottle method 创造了瓶中二次发酵法Good Producers: Mumm, Bol
20、linger 优质生产商:木马,首席法兰西香槟French wines Classification法国葡萄酒等级法国葡萄酒等级France法国法国oAOC级(法定产区酒)35%oVDQS级(优良地区餐酒)2%oVDP级(地区餐酒)15%oVDT级(日常餐酒)38%copyright 2010-2011 Keepwine Co.ltdAppellation Controle System法定产区系统法定产区系统Appelation dOrigine Controlee System / 法定产区系统Informs about the provenance of the wine but als
21、o about a relative quality due to control on these factors:可以反映葡萄酒的起源,还有因以下一些规定决定的品质:Production zone 产区Authorized grape varieties 指定葡萄品种Viticulture and viniculture techniques 葡萄栽培法和葡萄酒酿造技术Minimal content in alcohol 最低酒精含量Yield limit 产量限制AOC: A quest for quality AOC 品质的追求品质的追求BORDEAUXThe smaller the
22、appellation, the better the quality, due to stricter regulations.根据严格的规则,产区越小,质量越高根据严格的规则,产区越小,质量越高Italian Wine Regions意大利葡萄酒产区意大利葡萄酒产区Italian vineyard:意大利葡萄园900 000 hectares 900 000公顷Main wine regions:主要葡萄酒产区Piedmont 皮尔蒙特Tuscany托斯卡纳Veneto 维纳图Italian Wines意大利葡萄酒意大利葡萄酒oItaly is the largest wine produ
23、cer in the world意大利是世界上最大的葡萄酒生产商oItaly has an impressive wine history, probably as early as 800 BC.意大利拥有悠久的葡萄酒历史,大约开始于公元前800年,oA diversity of wines with more than 300 native grape varietals拥有超过300种葡萄品种oPiedmont.皮尔蒙特 起泡酒 阿斯大林 oTuscany 托斯卡纳 强化酒 马莎拉oVeneto 维纳图 混合酒 苦艾酒Piedmont 皮尔蒙特地区皮尔蒙特地区oPiedmont: mea
24、ns “foot of the mountain” 皮尔蒙特:意思是山脚下oRed varieties: Barbera, Nebbiolo. The latter produces world-class wine but demands lots of care.红葡萄品种:巴罗洛、尼比奥罗,后一种葡萄用于酿造世界级葡萄酒,但需要很多照料。oWhite varieties: Dolcetto, Cortese白葡萄品种:多斯托、科缇斯。oIn Piedmont there are about 50 DOCG and DOC Some of the most famous: Barolo,
25、Barbaresco, Gavi di gavi 在皮尔蒙特大约有50个DOCG和DOC区。其中非常著名的有:巴罗洛、芭芭罗斯、嘎提那拉和阿斯蒂Good producers: Gaja, Michele Chiarlo优质生产商:嘉雅,迈克基阿罗Tuscany托斯卡纳地区托斯卡纳地区oRegion of central Italy. Boasts some of the best wines on the peninsula意大利中部,出产一些半岛最好的葡萄酒。oChianti and Brunello di Montalcino基昂蒂和蒙塔尔奇诺布鲁诺oTraditional grape:
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