葡萄酒基础知识(ppt 82页).pptx
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1、Basic Wine Knowledge Outline Grape Varieties Types of Wines Old World Wines Training New World Wines Training Food and Wine Matching Grape Varieties葡萄品种Summary摘要摘要8,000 grape varieties known in the world世界上目前已知的葡萄品种有8000种1,000 grape varieties used for wine around the world世界上大约有1000种葡萄被制成葡萄酒200 trad
2、itionally used in Italy 意大利大约使用200种葡萄100 traditionally used in France 法国大约使用100种葡萄50 traditionally used in Spain 西班牙大约使用50种葡萄Grape variety, a major factor in the taste of a wine不同的葡萄品种,是影响葡萄酒品尝的主要因素Main White Grape Varieties主要白葡萄品种主要白葡萄品种White Grapes白葡萄品种白葡萄品种Chardonnay / 霞多丽 Sauvignon Blanc / 长相思 R
3、iesling / 雷司令 Gewuztraminer / 琼瑶浆(雨果) Pinot Grigio / 灰品乐Viognier / 威格尼White Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种白葡萄品种 Native to Burgundy 源于法国的勃根第地区 Now worlds most fashionable & famous white variety 当今最流行,有名的白葡萄品种 Creamy and full-bodied 口感柔和饱满 White fruits and nutty flavor白色水果及干果味Chardonnay霞多丽霞多丽White Grape Variet
4、ies 白葡萄品种白葡萄品种 Bordeaux, central Loire 波尔多,卢瓦尔河中部 Crisp acidity 清新爽口偏酸 Fresh and aromatic 清新果香芬芳 Citrus and Grassy 柑桔及青草味Sauvignon Blanc长相思长相思White Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种白葡萄品种Grown in Alsace, Germany, South Australia, Washington State, etc 种植于阿尔萨斯,德国,罗纳谷地区, 南澳大利亚, 华盛顿Versatile (dry, tart wine to Swee
5、t late-harvest wine) 变化多样(可在口感较干到晚收型甜酒间变化)Floral and mineral flavor花香及矿物味Naturally high acidity天然酸度高A tremendous capacity to age可陈年 Riesling 雷司令雷司令White Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种白葡萄品种 Alsace, Germany, Austria 阿尔萨斯,德国,奥地利 Complex, generous 层次分明,特征丰富鲜明 Lychee, rose, spices, clove notes 荔枝,玫瑰、丁香的辛辣味 Tropic
6、al Fruit & Cinnamon 热带水果味 & 肉桂味Gewurztraminer 琼瑶浆琼瑶浆 Popular in Northern Italy 盛产于意大利北部 Fruili and Veneto 福茹利、维纳图 Fresh and Aromatic 新鲜,芬芳 Light color 颜色偏淡Pinot Grigio 灰品乐灰品乐White Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种白葡萄品种 Northern Rhne, Australia, California 北罗纳谷, 奥大利亚, 美国加州 Prestigious Condrieu AOC 有声望 的孔德里欧法定产地
7、Peach flavor 桃子香 Very low acidity 酸度极低Viognier威格尼威格尼White Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种白葡萄品种 Main Grape Varieties 主要主要葡萄品种葡萄品种 Red varieties 红葡萄品种红葡萄品种Cabernet Sauvignon / 赤霞珠赤霞珠 Merlot / 美乐美乐 Pinot Noir / 黑品乐黑品乐 Gamay /甘美甘美 Shiraz (Syrah) / 设拉子(西拉)设拉子(西拉) Sangiovese / 桑娇维塞桑娇维塞 Nebbiolo / 尼比奥罗尼比奥罗 Zinfandel
8、 / 仙芬黛仙芬黛 Tempranillo / 泰普妮洛泰普妮洛 A classic Bordeaux grape 传统波尔多葡萄品种 Full-bodied, tannic 酒体饱满,单宁较丰富 Very complex, long evolution 口味丰富, 陈年长 Blackcurrant, violet 黑加仑,紫罗兰 Cabernet Sauvignon赤霞珠赤霞珠 Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种红葡萄品种 A traditional Bordeaux grape 传统波尔多葡萄品种 Supple and round 口感柔顺,饱满 Black and red
9、cherry 黑色及红色樱桃 Chocolate 巧克力Merlot美乐美乐Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种红葡萄品种 King of Burgundy 勃根第之王 Cherry, raspberry 樱桃、覆盆子 Spice notes 稍带辛辣 Earthy complexities 泥土气息 A silky texture, little tannins 丝般柔滑,单宁较淡Pinot Noir黑品乐黑品乐Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种红葡萄品种 Grape used to make Beaujolais 用来做博若莱酒的葡萄 Light purple i
10、n color 酒体呈浅紫色 Fruity and light in tannins 果香浓郁, 口感柔和 To be drunk young 趁年轻时喝 Gamay 甘美甘美Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种红葡萄品种 Mostly grown in Rhne Region, France, Australia 主要种植于法国罗纳谷地区, 澳大利亚 Rich black and red berry fruit, plum 丰富的黑色、红色浆果及李子味 Game and spice complexity 丰富的野味及辛辣味 Rich and full-bodied 口感丰富,酒体
11、饱满 Shiraz or Syrah 设拉子设拉子/西拉西拉Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种红葡萄品种 Piemontese grape (Italy) 意大利皮特蒙地区的著名葡萄品种 Grape for Barolo & Barbaresco 酿制巴罗洛和芭芭罗斯克葡萄酒 Tannic, acidic and austere. 单宁丰富、酸度适中、深沉 Complex, full-bodied 酒体饱满,口味丰富 Better after more than 4 years aging 最好陈年4年以上Nebbiolo尼比奥罗尼比奥罗Red Grape Varieties红葡
12、萄品种红葡萄品种Q & A 请说出三种白葡萄品种和三种红葡萄酒品种 以下葡萄品种那种口感比较清新爽脆,那种口感较饱满A Sauvignon Blanc长相思 B Chardonnay / 霞多丽 Pinot Noir 黑比诺原产地为哪里? Types of Wine 葡萄酒种类Types of Wine (By wine making process) ChampagneCava Port, SherrySPARKLING WINE STILL WINEFORTIFIED WINE Other Sparkling wines葡萄酒种类葡萄酒种类 (按生产工艺分)(按生产工艺分) 香槟酒 加瓦
13、钵酒,雪利酒 汽泡酒汽泡酒普通葡萄酒普通葡萄酒加强葡萄酒加强葡萄酒其他汽泡酒Types of Wine (By service sequence during a meal) SugaralcohollowhighlowhighBeginning of the mealEnd of the meal葡萄酒种类葡萄酒种类 (按用餐时上酒顺序(按用餐时上酒顺序 ) 糖份酒精低高低高用餐开始用餐开始用餐结束用餐结束 Main Wine Regions 主要葡萄酒产区 France法国法国 2* Italy意大利意大利 1* Spain西班牙西班牙3*USA美国美国 4*Australia澳大利亚澳大
14、利亚6*Chile智利智利Argentina 阿根廷阿根廷5*New Zealand新西兰新西兰South Africa南非南非*Top six producers in volume产量前六名国家产量前六名国家Main Wine Countries 主要葡萄酒产酒国主要葡萄酒产酒国 (Southern hemisphere + USA)南半球美国南半球美国 (European Countries)欧洲国家欧洲国家Old World VS New World旧世界旧世界VS新世界新世界Integrate more the soil and climate factors. “Terroir”更
15、能在酒中结合土壤气候特征Long tradition and history悠久历史和传统 Good visibility to the consumers客人容易理解Main factor is the grape variety 主要根据葡萄品种Consistent weather 相应气候Difficult visibility to the consumers客人不易理解 Lots of regulations很多规则Too much standardization标准太多Not been produced for long ageing 储存时间较短Old world 旧世界旧世界(
16、 European Countries 欧洲国家欧洲国家 ) ( Southern hemisphere + USA 南半球南半球 美国美国 ) Pros优点优点New World 新新世界世界Cons缺点缺点I. Old World Wines TrainingFrench Wines法国葡萄酒法国葡萄酒 Mother country for fine wines 优质葡萄酒的故乡 One of the highest levels of consumptions: 55 liters人均葡萄酒消费高,55升/人 AOC terroir AOC产区的自然条件 Complete vineyar
17、ds 酒庄众多 The barrel is a French invention 葡萄酒桶由高卢人发明French Wine Regions法国葡萄酒产区法国葡萄酒产区Bordeaux Wine Regions 波尔多产区波尔多产区Main appellations:主要产区Medoc:美铎高地Graves:格莱乌Sauternes:索甸Saint-Emilion:圣爱美浓Pomerol 庞马洛Bordeaux Wines波尔多葡萄酒波尔多葡萄酒Left bank: more suitable for Cabernet Sauvignon, Right bank for Merlot左岸:更适
18、合种植赤霞珠,右岸更适合梅洛1855 official listing of the best wines. 61 crus classes in 5 categories. 官方列出最佳葡萄酒:包括5大类、61种头等苑葡萄酒5 first growths: Chateau Lafite Rothschild, Chateau Latour, Chateau Margaux, Chateau Haut-Brion, Chateau Mouton Rothschild 五大酒庄:莎都拉菲城堡,拉图城堡,玛歌法定产区,布里翁高地古堡、木桐罗希尔古堡Right bank: Top appellati
19、ons are Saint-Emilion and Pomerol右岸:最高产区是圣爱美浓和庞马洛法定产区 Some of the greatest wines in the world ranked according to the micro-climates 世界上一些最好的葡萄酒的等级划分是根据微气候的 Small and family owned estates较小的家族酒庄 669 AC, 30000 hectares / 公顷669个法定产区, Precise hierarchy as pyramid:精确的金字塔等级划分- wines are made out of 红葡萄酒由
20、黑品乐葡萄制成- wines of 白葡萄酒由霞多丽制成Good Producer: Roux Pere& Fils优质生产商: 胡氏父子酒庄Burgundy Wines 勃根第葡萄酒勃根第葡萄酒The best sparkling wine in the world世界上最好的汽泡酒产区In the north of France on a chalky rock 法国北部的石灰岩区域3 Grape varieties: , and 3种葡萄品种:黑品乐,皮诺莫妮亚,霞多丽Invention of the secondary fermentation in the bottle method
21、 创造了瓶中二次发酵法Good Producers: Duval-Leroy, Bollinger 优质生产商:杜洛儿,首席法兰西香槟Champagne香槟地区香槟地区French wines Classification法国葡萄酒等级法国葡萄酒等级France法国法国Total Production总产量比例总产量比例Appelation dOrigine Controlee SystemInforms about the provenance of the wine but also about a relative quality due to control on these fact
22、ors:可以反映葡萄酒的起源,还有因以下一些规定决定的品质:Appellation Controle System法定产区系统法定产区系统Production zone 产区Authorized grape varieties 指定葡萄品种Viticulture and viniculture techniques 葡萄栽培法和葡萄酒酿造技术Minimal content in alcohol 最低酒精含量Yield limit 产量限制II. New World Wines Training American Wines美国葡萄酒美国葡萄酒 400 000 hectares 公顷的葡萄园 1
23、976 Steven Spurrier holds a blind tasting in Paris Spurrier 在巴黎举办了盲品 First wine in the 16th century16世纪,第一瓶葡萄酒问世California Wine Regions加州葡萄酒产区加州葡萄酒产区 Over 90% of American wine production 占美国葡萄酒总产量的90以上 225 000 hectares 公顷的葡萄园 Alexander Valley Sonoma county 索诺马县 Five Climate Zones 5个气候区域Good producer
24、: Ferrari-CaranoUSA wine classification美国葡萄酒分级美国葡萄酒分级American wines can be classified into the following 3 categories:美国葡萄酒的划分为以下3类:State wine (100% grapes from the states) Ex: Californian wine 州酒命名制 (100由州生产)例如:加利福尼亚州County wine (75% grapes from the county) Ex: Sonoma county县酒命名制 (75的葡萄品种来自该县)例如:索诺
25、马县A.V.A wine (American Viticultural Areas) Ex: Sonoma coastA.V.A 命名制(美国葡萄酒种植区)例如:索诺马海岸USA wine classification美国葡萄酒分级美国葡萄酒分级- Notoriety of the regions 产区- Delimitation 定界- Nature of the soil土壤的自然条件- Climatic conditions气候条件 - No viticulture restrictions没有种植限制 Australian Wine Regions澳大利亚葡萄酒产区澳大利亚葡萄酒产区A
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