2022年广州专用八级英语上册主要知识点word版本.pdf
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1、此文档仅供收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除只供学习与交流广州八年级英语(上册)主要知识点Unit 1 Newspapers 1.Useful phrases and expressions Take charge of 主管,掌管Vote for 投赞成票Take note 记录Be responsible for 负责,有责任Talk .over 详谈Make a list of .把列成清单Be free for (someone) 对(某人)免费Pay.for 付费Make a decision about. 对作出决定In one weeks time 一周后A copy of 一份
2、For free 免费From the air 从空中Of ones own 某人自己的Have the habit of. 有的习惯Try ones best 尽力Try to (do something) 尽力(做某事)Try doing something 尝试做某事Believe in oneself 相信自己Once a week 每周一次Be pleased with. 对满意Keep fit 保持健康Have a high fever 发高烧At break 课间休息Not at all 一点也不,完全不Get on well 相处得好For this reason 因为这样2.
3、语法 language: should and ought to (positive) should not and ought not to (negative) 3.辨析3.1 Other, the other, another (1) Other 表示泛指,没有特定的范围。E.g. Lei Feng always helped other people.(2) The other 意为“ 另一个 ” ,一般用于两者之间。其句型为:one.the other.(一个 另一个 )E.g. The old man has two sons. One is a soldier, the othe
4、r is a worker. (3) another 表示三者或者三者以上的其他任何一个。意为“ 再一;又一 ” 。E.g. Would you like another cup of tea?注意: the other 和 other 后均可加名词, 但是意思有所不同, “the other+ 名词 ”表示一定范围内出一部分外其余的全部,而other+ 名词 表示出去部分以后的另一些,但不是剩下的全部。3.2 Spend, cost, take, pay “花费”A. spend 主语必须为人,常用于一下结构:(1) spend time/money on sth. 在某物上花费时间、金钱。
5、精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - - 此文档仅供收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除只供学习与交流E.g. I spend two hours on this maths problem. (2) spend time/ money (in) doing sth. 花费时间、金钱做某事。E.g. They spend two years (in) doing this bridge. (3) spend money for sth. 花
6、钱买某物E.g. His money was spent for books. B. cost 的主语是物或者某种活动,还可以表示“ 值” ,常见的用法如下:(1) sth. cost (sb.)+金钱表示 “ 某物花了(某人)多少钱” 。E.g. A computer costs a lot of money. (2) (doing) something cost (sb.) + 时间表示 “ (做某事)某物花了(某人)多少时间。”E.g. Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. C. take 后面常跟双宾语,常见的用法如下:
7、(1) it takes sb.+时间+ to do sth. 做某事花费了某人多少时间。E.g. It took them three years to build this road. (2) doing sth. takes sb.+时间表示 “ 做某事花了某人多少时间” 。E.g. Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. D. pay 的基本用法:(1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱给某人买某物。E.g. I have to pay him two dollars for this bread . (2
8、) pay for (sth.) 付某物的钱。E.g. I have to pay for the lost book. (3) pay for sb. 替某人付钱。E.g. Dont worry. I will pay for you. 3.3 till, until 两者都可以用作介词和连词,也都可以用于肯定句和否定句中。Till 比 until 的语气轻,一般不放在句首。3.4 ago, before. Ago 表示从现在算起一段时间“ 以前, ” 和动词的一般过去式连用。放在所修饰词后面。E.g. I knew him many years ago. Before 用于表示从过去的某时
9、算起若干时间以前,通常与动词的完成时连用。E.g. I have never heard of her before. 3.5 Alone 与 lonely Alone 独自一人,充当标语形容词(不作定于用)。充当状语。E.g. She lives alone in the house. Lonely 孤独的,指心理上的愁闷。可作表语和定语。E.g. He doesnt fell lonely. 4. 知识点拓展:4.1 agree with sb. 表示“ 同意某人或者某人所说的话” 。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - -
10、 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - - 此文档仅供收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除只供学习与交流E.g. He agree with me. agree to +表示“ 建议,计划,办法 ” 的词E.g. He agreed to our suggestion. agree on+ 表“ 具体协商的文件,计划 ” 等E.g. We agree on the plan. agree to do sth. 同意做某事E.g. We agree to go swimming. 4.2 leave 的用法 : leave 作动词,表示 “ 留下,
11、丢下 ” , 英语中表示 “ 把某物遗忘在某处 ” 常用“leave+ 某物 +地点” 。E.g. He left his key at home. 4.3 as well as 的用法:as well as 而且,还,也as well as 可以用来连接两个相同的成分,如名词,形容词,代词,介词,此时虽然连接的是两个并列成分, 但是强调的重点在前面不在后面。 意思为:“ 不但而且” “既又” , “ 除了之外,还有 ”。翻译时要 先译后面再译前面 。E.g. Living things need air and light as well as water. 生物不仅需要水, 还需要空气和阳
12、光。as well as 还用于同级比较注意: as well “也” ,一般用于肯定句句末,相当于too。4.4 much too 与 too much much too “太” ,副词短语。too much “太多” 形容词短语。E.g. He felt much too tired because he has too much homework. Unit 2 detectives and crimes 1. Useful phrases and expressions The same .as. 和同样的 No longer 不再Break into 强行闯入Go to jail 进
13、监狱Instead of 代替, 而不是 Behind bars 坐牢At the back of .在的后部At the front of .在前部Go in 进入室内Refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事Bump into someone/something 碰撞到某人、某物take away 带走,拿走Get away 逃离,脱身At the time of .在期间Say goodnight to someone 向某人道晚安Knock at 敲,击Break.down 打到From a distance 从远方,从远处In addition to 除以外Kill onesel
14、f 自杀Lose money 输钱Be angry with someone 生某人的气2.语法 Language :infinitives (动词不定式) gerunds (动名词)不定式充当句子各种成分的具体用法:精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - - 此文档仅供收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除只供学习与交流2.1 不定式作主语:(1)动词不定式放在句首作主语,表示某个具体或将来的动作。E.g. To swim in the ri
15、ver is dangerous. (2)在现代英语中为了平衡句子,常用it 作形式主语,而把真正作主语的不定式放在后边。E.g. It is dangerous to swim in the river. (2)在( 1)的情况下,可以用介词for 或 of 来引出动词不定式的逻辑主语。E.g. It is difficult for the foreigners to learn Chinese. 2.2 不定式作宾语:(1)动词不定式可以作某些动词的宾语,表示具体的动作或行为。E.g. I can not afford to buy a new car. (2)有些动词后既可以接不定式又
16、可以接动名词作宾语。但意思却不尽相同。动名词作宾语表示经常性、 习惯性,而不定式表示某次具体的活动或行为。这样的动词有: start, begin, continue, fear, like, love 等。I like swimming, but I dont like to swim in such a cold weather. (3)有时可以用 it 作形式宾语,而把真正作宾语的动词不定式放在后面。E.g. I find it hard to persuade her. (4)有些动词后面接不定式作宾语表示动作尚未发生,接动名词作宾语表示动作已经发生。 Remember, forget
17、, stop, etc. 2.3 动词不定式作表语E.g. My job is to teach you English. 2.4 动词不定式作宾语补足语动词不定式可以在某些动词后面作其宾语补足语。此类动词有: ask, allow, except, encourage, force, permit, order, persuade. Request. E.g. He helps me to study English. 2.5 动词不定式作主语补足语E.g. The boy was made to work all day long. 2.6 动词不定式作定语2.7 动词不定式可以用在名词后
18、面作定语。E.g. I have many letters to answer. 2.8 动词不定式作状语2.9 表目的E.g. He worked hard to support his large family. 3.0 表结果E.g. He hurried home to find his wife gone. 3.1 表原因E.g. We are proud to be Chinese. 3. 辨析: hope, wish, except. to do sth. HopeI hope to see you soon.=I hope that I will see you soon. t
19、hat - clause 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - - 此文档仅供收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除只供学习与交流to do sth. that -clause(虚拟语气)I wish that I could see you soon. wish sb. to do I wish you to have a good time. sb. +adj./n.(双宾语)Wish you successful/ success. t
20、o do sth. except that-clause I except you to win the game. sb. to do sth.Unit 3 modern machines 1. Useful phrases and expressions Be unaware of 没有意识到;不知道Be dependent on 依靠,依赖More importantly 更重要的是For the time being 暂时,眼下Have great understanding of . 对有很深的了解Make mistakes 犯错Link.together 把连接起来2. 语法 La
21、nguage: 1)the comparative of adjectives.( 形容词比较级)2)The superlative of adjectives ( 形容词最高级)2.1 形容词比较等级构成:单音节词以及少数一er, ow, le 结尾的双音节词,一般加-er 和-est构成比较级和最高级, 多音节词加 more和 most 构成比较级和最高级(cold, large, thin) 有些是不规则的,需要特别记忆。E.g. Many-more-most little-less-least ill-worse-worst old-older/elder-oldest/eldest
22、2.2 形容词比较等级应该注意的问题:(1)比较级可以用表示程度的数量词,倍数,百分数等,用作状语。E.g. I am a head taller than you. Our room is twice as large yours. (2) 形容词比较级前加much, even, still, far, a little, lot 等,加强语气。2.3 比较级 +and+ 比较级,表示 “ 越来越 ” ; the + 比较级 , the + 比较级表示“ 越,就越 ” 。(1)同类东西方能比较E.g. The weather in Qingdao is cooler than Jinan.(
23、 错误)The weather in Qingdao is cooler that in Jinan.(正确)(2)使用比较级时,要把自己除外,常与other 或者 else连用。E.g. He is younger than the boys in his class.(wrong) He is younger than other boys in his class. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - - 此文档仅供收集于网络,如
24、有侵权请联系网站删除只供学习与交流(3) as .as 之间可以加名词,但是要注意名词的语序。E.g. I have as many books as you. 3. 辨析: in future, in the future 与 in the near future 1) in future 以后,今后E.g. Please be on time in future. 2) in the future “将来,未来 ” ,距离现在较远E.g. Man may be able to live on the moon in the future. 3) in the near future 不久的
25、将来E.g. Our spaceship will go to the moon in the near future. 4. 由 time 组成的词组:All the time 一直,始终At a time 一次,每次At any time 随时,在任何时候On time 准时in no time 立即at all time 总是,始终Time and time again 一再,屡屡Have a good time 玩得高兴, 过得愉快At one time 过去有一段时间At times, from time to time 有时,不时At the same time 同时In time
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