名词性从句课件 高考英语复习.pptx

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1、一、名词性从句概一、名词性从句概述述定义定义在句子中起名词作用的从句在句子中起名词作用的从句类型类型主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句同位语从句常用连常用连接词接词that, whether, ifwhat, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whomever, whicheverwhen, where, how, why二、名词性从句要点二、名词性从句要点1. 主语从句主语从句 1) that 从句位于句首时，从句位于句首时，that 不能省略不能省略。 e.g. That he won the gam

2、e didnt surprise us at all. 2) 主语主语从句可放在句首，也可放在句从句可放在句首，也可放在句尾尾(用用it作形式作形式主语主语)。 e.g. What Id like you to work on is the revision exercise on the website. It is still uncertain whether hes coming or not tonight.2. 宾语从句宾语从句 1) 当当宾语从句后有宾语补足语时，需要用宾语从句后有宾语补足语时，需要用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。 e.g. I t

3、hought it strange that she hadnt heard of the news. 2) 当主句的主语是第一人称，且谓语为当主句的主语是第一人称，且谓语为think, believe, suppose等动词时，如果宾语从句等动词时，如果宾语从句表示否定意思，通常否定前移，即否定主表示否定意思，通常否定前移，即否定主句的谓语句的谓语。 e.g. I dont suppose theyd start the trip without us.3) 宾语宾语从句亦可用作介词的宾语从句亦可用作介词的宾语。 e.g. If youve got any questions about w

4、hat Ive said so far, Id be happy to answer them.4) 引导引导宾语从句的连词宾语从句的连词that在口语中可省略，但在口语中可省略，但在下列情况中，在下列情况中，that需保留：需保留： a. 主、从句之间有表示时间等的状语时主、从句之间有表示时间等的状语时that不能省略，否则会产生歧义不能省略，否则会产生歧义。 e.g. My friend Lisa said yesterday afternoon that she came across one of our classmates in the bookstore.b. 主、从句之间有插入

5、语时不可省去主、从句之间有插入语时不可省去that。 e.g. I think that, in any case, Tom will do his best to complete the task.c. 引导两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，第二个引导两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，第二个以及第二个以后的宾语从句中的以及第二个以后的宾语从句中的that不能省不能省略略。 e.g. Everyone saw what was happening and that the little boy was really scared.3. 表语从句表语从句1) 当当主语是主语是reason且后面的表语从句表

6、示原因且后面的表语从句表示原因时，通常用时，通常用that引导；而当引导；而当it，this或或that作作主语，后面的表语从句表示原因时，常用主语，后面的表语从句表示原因时，常用because引导引导。 e.g. The reason everyone is cheering is that its just been declared a national holiday. It / This / That is because you are saying too much.2) 表语从句还可由表语从句还可由as if / as though引导。引导。 as if/as though引

7、导表语从句时引导表语从句时, 主句中主句中 的动词可用的动词可用be, seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel等等。 e.g. He looked as if / as though he hadnt washed for a week. It sounded as if / as though he were trying to say something.4. 同位语从句同位语从句1) 同位语从句通常由同位语从句通常由that引导，但引导，但whether, why, where等有时也可引导同位语从句等有时也可引导同位语从句。 e.g. There

8、is some doubt whether he will come to the meeting on time. It is a mystery why the ancient city fell into ruins. Have you got any idea where your birthday party is to be held?2) 可接同位语从句的通常是一些表示抽象意可接同位语从句的通常是一些表示抽象意 义的名词义的名词, 常见的有常见的有fact, idea, belief, message, notice, conclusion, decision, doubt, h

9、ope, news, chance, thought, desire等。等。 e.g. We have to face up to the fact that we dont have enough resources at the moment. The thought that I might not have a job next year is troubling.3) 同位语从句有时不直接跟在它所解释说同位语从句有时不直接跟在它所解释说 明的名词后面明的名词后面, 而是被其它成分隔开而是被其它成分隔开。 e.g. The news came around two in the aft

10、ernoon that the lost child had been found.三、引导名词性从句的连接词辨析三、引导名词性从句的连接词辨析1. what与与that1) what引导名词性从句时不仅起连接作用引导名词性从句时不仅起连接作用，而且而且在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等。在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等。 e.g. John arrived two hours late: what had happened was that his bicycle chain had broken. Luis lost his job and was short of money, s

11、o what he did was to sell his flat and move in with his brother. My hometown is much different from what it was ten years ago. Tell us what music you were listening to just now.2) that引导名词性从句时只起连接作用引导名词性从句时只起连接作用, 在在从句中不作任何成分从句中不作任何成分。 e.g. That he hadnt been invited to the party this evening surpri

12、sed us all. I can guarantee that youll make a lot of new friends here soon. Why most people come here is that they want fresh air and exercise. Finally he agreed with my suggestion that we should change the date.2. whether与与if1) whether引导的主语从句可位于句首或句尾引导的主语从句可位于句首或句尾, 而而if不能引导位于句首的主语从句不能引导位于句首的主语从句。

13、e.g. Whether you help with the outdoor or indoor work depends on you. It makes no difference whether / if he agrees or not.2) whether可引导表语从句和同位语从句可引导表语从句和同位语从句, if 则不能则不能。 e.g. What Im not clear about is whether we can get a lift to the reserve. The question whether it is right or wrong depends on t

14、he result.3) whether可引导介词后的宾语从句可引导介词后的宾语从句, if则不则不 能能。 e.g. Im thinking of whether we should go to the party.4) whether后可直接跟后可直接跟or not, if 则不能则不能。 e.g. It remains to be seen whether or not this medicine is effective.3. whoever与与whomever 在正式语体中在正式语体中, whomever是是whoever的宾的宾 格形式格形式; 在非正式语体中在非正式语体中, 人们

15、用人们用whoever 来代替来代替whomever。 e.g. Tell whoever you like it makes no difference to me.4. whatever与与whichever 与与whatever相比，相比，whichever常有明确的常有明确的选择范围选择范围。 e.g. The fish will hide under whatever rock it can find. This mail goes in whichever box is marked “Smith”.I. 从每题所给的从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，四个选项中，选出可以填入

16、空白处的最佳选项。选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. It is not a problem _ we can win the battle; its just a matter of time. (2020江苏江苏) A. whether B. why C. when D. where 2. The student completed this experiment to make come true _ Professor Joseph had said. (2020天津天津) A. that B. what C. when D. whereAB3. Scientists have obt

17、ained more evidence _ plastic is finding its way into the human body. (2019江苏江苏) A. what B. that C. which D. where 4. Without his support, we wouldnt be _ we are now. (2018北京北京) A. how B. when C. where D. whyBC5. This is _ my father has taught me to always face difficulties and hope for the best. (2

18、018北京北京) A. how B. which C. that D. what6. By boat is the only way to get here, which is _ we arrived. (2018江苏江苏) A. where B. when C. why D. how DDII. 用适当的单词填空。用适当的单词填空。1. _ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.(2021 年新高考年新高考I卷卷)2. While they are rare north of 88,

19、there is evidence _ they range all the way across the Arctic . (2019 年全国年全国I卷卷)that What 3. Im not sure _ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere. (2018 年全国年全国III卷卷)whoI. 选用方框内合适的连接词选用方框内合适的连接词填空填空(每每词限用词限用一一次次)。who, which, that, what, where, when,

20、whoever, whether, why, whom1. _ I would really like to know is whose car she was driving.2. _ believes what Roberta has said should stand by her.3. If I knew that, I think I could decide _ is telling the truth.What Whoeverwhowho, which, that, what, where, when, whoever, whether, why, whom4. _ of the

21、 candidates will be chosen remains to be decided.5. I could not see for _ the audience was applauding.6. They are late again. _ they will get here always remains a mystery until the last minute.7. Did anybody see _ that snowball came from?WhichwhomWhenwhere who, which, that, what, where, when, whoev

22、er, whether, why, whom8. It is said that there is a device that can detect _ you are telling the truth or not.9. A: I wonder _ Tom was promoted to general manager instead of Ann. B: So do I. Im surprised that Ann didnt get the job. I think that she is more qualified.10. A: Is it a fact _ blue whales

23、 are the largest creatures on earth? B: Yes. I think so.whetherthatwhy II. 每空填一每空填一词词, 使使每组句子的意思相同或相每组句子的意思相同或相近。近。1. Give your ticket to the person who would enjoy the concert. Give your ticket to _ would enjoy the concert.2. Science still cannot explain the reason why some animals behave oddly bef

24、ore earthquakes. Science still cannot explain _ some animals behave oddly before earthquakes.why whoever 3. This is the building in which the fire broke out. This is _ the fire broke out.4. The way in which they escaped the flood is something I dont understand. _ they escaped the flood is something

25、I dont understand.5. My parents surprise was the present I had hoped for. My parents surprise was _ I had hoped for.whatwhereHow6. Why you chose to bicycle in the rain is a mystery to me. _ _ a mystery to me _ you chose to bicycle in the rain.7. The thing that really annoys me is the loud rock music

26、. _ really annoys me is the loud rock music.It iswhyWhat8. Is it possible that you could pick me up at the airport? Is there any _ _ you could pick me up at the airport?9. Im not sure if my teenage sister will follow my advice. Im not sure _ _ _ my teenage sister will follow my advice.possibility th

27、atwhether or notIII. 用适当的连接词完成下面短文用适当的连接词完成下面短文(每空一词每空一词)。 I rented a car yesterday and drove about 50 miles from Paris to Chartres. The area around Chartres is very flat. Thats probably 1. _ the famous cathedral ( 大教堂大教堂) was built here. It dominates the landscape from whichever direction you appro

28、ach it. At first, I wasnt sure whether to take a guided tour of the cathedral, because Im pretty independent and like to wander around on my own. But this time why I decided to go for it, and Im really glad 2. _ I did the guide was excellent! She talked a lot about 3. _ the cathedral was built it wa

29、s begun before 1200 and told us 4. _ the building materials came from. Some of the stone was transported from hundreds of miles away Ill never understand 5. _ they managed to do that.how that whenwhere6. _ designed the cathedral isnt known. Apparently in those days architecture was a cooperative eff

30、ort by the stonemasons ( 石匠石匠) working on the site. She also gave us some idea of 7. _ conditions were like for the builders. It sounds like an incredibly hard life. I thought the stained-glass windows were awesome. I was so impressed with how the light shines through them and creates patterns on th

31、e cathedral floor. After the tour, Who what I looked again at my guidebook and noticed that it mentioned the easy climb up the north tower, so I went off. For me it was a long, exhausting climb, and there were times when I didnt know 8. _ Id make it. However, the magnificent view was certainly worth the effort when I got to the top.whether/if