2013年山东大学考博英语真题.pdf

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1、2013 年山东大学考博英语真题Part I Grammar and Vocabulary1. The discussion was so prolonged and exhausting that _ the speakersstopped for deferments.A. at largeB. at intervalsC. at easeD. at random2. When traveling, you are advised to take travelers checks, which provide asecure_to carrying your money in cash.A

2、. substituteB. selectionC. inferenceD. alternative3. I never trusted him because I always thought of him as such acharacter.A. graciousB. suspiciousC. uniqueD. particular4. Changing from solid to liquid, water takes in heat from all substances near it,and this_produces artificial cold surrounding it

3、.A. absorptionB. transitionC. consumptionD. interaction5. Language, culture, and personality may be considered_of each other inthought, but they are inseparable in fact.A. IndistinctlyB. separatelyC. irrelevantlyD.independently6.ChristmasisaChristianholydayusuallycelebratedonDecember25th_the birth o

4、f Jesus Christ.A. in accordance withB. in terms ofC. in favor ofD. in honor of7. To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, we must_the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world marketdemand.A. improveB. enhanceC. guaranteeD. gear8. To give you a general idea of ou

5、r products, we enclose the catalogues showingvarious products handled by us with detailed _and means of packing.A. specimensB. inspectionsC. samplesD. specifications9. Many of the conditions that _population pressures - overcrowding,unemployment, poverty, hunger and illness - lead to dissatisfaction

6、.A. bring forwardB. give rise toC. feed up withD. result from10. Arriving anywhere with these possessions, he might just as easily_fora month or a year as for a single day.A. put upB. stay upC. speed upD. make up11. The fact that the earths surface heats_provides a convenient wayto divide it into te

7、mperature region.A. infrequentlyB. irregularlyC. unsteadilyD. uneverny12. If a cat comes too close to its nest, the mockingbird _a set of actionsto protect its offspring.A. hastensB. releasesC. devisesD. initiates13. How large a proportion of the sales of stores in or near resort areas canbe_to tour

8、ist spending?A. attributedB. appliedC. contributedD. attached14. Knowledge is a comfortable and necessary retreat and _for us in anadvanced age; and if we do not plant it while young, it will give us no shade whenwe grow old.A. ingredientB. relianceC. shelterD. inclination15. Some people would like

9、to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to_wonderful bargains in the market.A. pick upB. bump intoC. pile upD. bring back16. Scientists are searching for the oldest tree _because it can teachthem a great deal about many issues related with climate change.A. livelyB. aliveC. livingD. live17. The

10、destruction of the Twin Towers in New York City _shock and angerthroughout the world.A. temptedB. provokedC. summonedD. enveloped18. A 1994 World Bank report concluded that _girls in school was probablythe single most effective anti-poverty policy in the developing world today.A. enrollingB. assigni

11、ngC. involvingD. consenting19. The UN official said aid programs will be _until there is adequateprotection for relief personnel.A. multipliedB. arrestedC. spannedD. suspended20. Despite almost universal_of the vital importance of womens literacy,education remains a dream for many women in far too m

12、any countries of the world.A. confessionB. identificationC. acknowledgementD. compliment21. Since the island soil has been barren for so many years, the natives must now_much of their food.A. deliverB. importC. produceD. develop22. Because Jenkins neither _nor defends either management or the striki

13、ngworkers, both aides admire his journalisticA. criticizes.acumenB. attacksneutralityC. confrontsaptitudeD.dismissesflair23. Some anthropologists claim that a few aps have been taught a rudimentary signlanguages, but skeptics argue that the apes are only _their trainers.A. imitatingB. condoningC. in

14、structingD. acknowledging24. It is ironic that the_insights of the great thinkers are voiced sooften that they have become mereA. oriinalclichesB. banalbeliefsC. dubioushabitsD.philosophical-questions25. The most frustrating periods of any diet are theinevitable_, when weight lossif not stops.A. moo

15、ds acceleratesB. feasts haltsC. holidays contractsD.plateaus slows26. Since the authors unflattering references to her friends were so_,she was surprised that her_were recognized.A. laudatorystylesB. obviousanecdotesC. obliqueallusionsD.critical eulogies27. If it is true that morality cannot exist w

16、ithout religion, then does not the各类考试资料 vx：344647 公众号：顺通考试资料erosion of religion herald the _of moraliy?A, regulationB. basisC. beliefD. collapse28. Certain animal behaviors, such as mating rituals, seem to be _, andtherefore external factors such as climate changes, food supply, or the presenceof o

17、ther animals of the same species.A. learned immune toB. innate unaffected byC. intricate belong toD.specific confused with29. Shaken by two decades of virtual anarchy, the majority of people were readyto buy _at any price.A. orderB. emancipationC. hopeD. liberty30. As a person who combines care with

18、 _, Marisa completed her dutieswith_as well as zeal.A.levity resignationB.enthusiasm meticulousnessC.vitality willingnessD. empathy rigorPart CloseThe study of genetics has given rise to a profitable new industry calledbiotechnology. As the name _31_ , it combines biology and modern technologythroug

19、h such _32_ as genetic engineering. Some of the new biotech companies,asthey are called, _33_ in agriculture and are working enthusiastically to patent(取得专利) seeds that give a high yield (产量), that_34_ disease, drought andfrost, and that reduce the need for dangerous chemicals. _35_ such goals could

20、be achieved, it would be most beneficial. But some have raised _36_ aboutgenetically engineered crops.In nature, genetic diversity (多样性) iscreated within certain limits,saysthebookGeneticEngineering,FoodandOur Environment. A rose can be crossed(杂交) with a different kind of rose,buta losewill_37_ cro

21、ss with a potato .Genetic engineering, on theother hand, usually involves taking genes from one species and inserting them intoanother in an attempt to _38_ a desired property or character. This could mean,_39_ , selecting a gene which leads to the production of a chemical with antifreezeproperties

22、from an arctic fish, and joining it into a potato or strawberry to makeit frost-resistant. It is now possible for plants to be engineered with genes _40_frombacteria,viruses,insects,animalsorevenhumans._41_,then,biotechnology allows humans to break the genetic walls that _42_ species.Like the green

23、revolution, (43)what some call the gene revolution (44)contributesto the problem of genetic uniformity (千篇一律) some say even more so (45)becausegeneticists can employ techniques such (46)as cloning and organ culture, processesthat produce perfectly (47)identical copies, or clones.Concernsabout thebio

24、diversity, therefore, remain. Genetically altered plants, however, raise new(48)issues, such as the effects that they may have on us and the environment. We areflying blindly into a new (49)of agricultural biotechnology with high hopes,few constraints, and little idea of the potensial (50), said sci

25、ence writerJeremy Rifkin.31. A. suggestsB. recallsC. concernsD. advises32. A. conceptsB. viewsC. techniquesD. courses33. A. participateB. focusC. specializeD. involve34. A. treatB. avoidC. opposeD. resist35. A. IfB. UnlessC. SinceD. As36. A. demandsB. topicsC. concernsD. lessons37. A. sometimesB. ne

26、verC. frequentlyD. eventually38. A. conveyB. transferC. selectD. collect39. A. for exampleB. for one thingC. on one handD. in any case40. A. resultedB. evolvedC. injectedD. taken41. A. In contrastB. In thatC. In caseD. In essence42. A. separateB. formC. createD. vary43. A. whatB. whereC. asD. so44.

27、A. combinesB.contributesC.commandsD. breaks45. A. thatB.becauseC. ifD. when46. A. likeB. for exampleC. asD. is47. A. resemblingB. alikeC. similarD. identical48. A. issuesB. heightC. difficultiesD. goals49. A. spotB. eraC. deadlineD. scheme50. A. navigationsB. mysteryC. outcomesD. destinationsPart Re

28、ading ComprehensionPassage 1The Carnegie Foundation report says that many colleges have tried to be all thingsto all people. In doing so, they have increasingly catered to a narrow mindedcareerism while failing to cultivate a global vision among their students. Thecurrent crisis, it contends, does n

29、ot derive from a legitimate desire to put learningto productive ends. The problem isthat in too many academic fields, the work hasno context; skills, rather than being means, have become ends. Students are offereda variety of options and allowed to pick their way to a degree. In short, drivenby care

30、erism, the nations colleges and universities are more successful inproviding credentials (文凭) than in providing a quality education for theirstudents. The report concludes that the special challenge confronting theundergraduate college is one of shaping an integrated core of common learning. Sucha c

31、ore would introduce students to essential knowledge, to connections across thedisciplines, and in the end, to application of knowledge to life beyond thecampus. Although the key to a good college is a high-quality faculty, theCarnegie study found that most colleges do very little to encourage good t

32、eaching.In fact, they do much to undermine it. As one professor observed: Teaching isimportant, we are told, and yet faculty know that research and publication mattermost. Not surprisingly, over the last twenty years colleges and universities havefailed to graduate half of their four-year degree can

33、didates. Faculty members whodedicated themselves to teaching soon discover that they will not be granted tenure(终身任期), promotion, or substantial salary increases. Yet 70 percent of allfaculties say their interests lie more in teaching than in research. Additionally,a frequent complaint among young s

34、cholars is that There is pressure to publish,although there is virtually no interest among administrators or colleagues in thecontent of the publications.51. When a college tries to be all things to al people (Lines 1-2, Para. 1)it aims to_.A) satisfy the needs of all kinds of students simultaneousl

35、yB) focus on training students in various skillsC) encourage students to take as many courses as possibleD) make learning serve academic rather than productive ends52. By saying that in too many academic fields, the work has no context (Lines4-5, Pare. 1) the author means that the teaching in these

36、areas _.A) ignores the actual situationB) is not based on the right perspectiveC) only focuses on an integrated core of common learningD) gives priority to the cultivation of a global vision among students53. One of the reasons for the current crisis in American colleges and universitiesis that _.A)

37、 a narrow vocationalism has come to dominate many collegesB) students dont have enough freedom in choosing what they want to learnC) skills are being taught as a means to an endD) students are only interested in obtaining credentials54. American colleges and universities failed to graduate half of t

38、heir four-yeardegree candidates because _.A) most of them lack high-quality facultiesB) the interests of most faculty members lie in researchC) there are not enough incentives for students to study hardD) they attach greater importance to research and publication than to teaching55. It can be inferr

39、ed from the passage that high-quality college education callsfor _.A) putting academic work in the proper context 来源： B) a commitment to students and effective teachingC) the practice of putting leaning to productive endsD) dedication to research in frontier areas of knowledge51. C52. B53. A54. D 55

40、. BPassage 2Endangered SpeciesEndangered species are plants and animals that are in immediatedanger of extinction. Extinction is actually a normal process in the course ofevolution. Since the formation of the earth, many more species have become extinctthan those exist today. These species slowly di

41、sappeared because of changes ofclimate and their failure to adapt to such conditions as competition and predation(捕食). Since the 1600s, however, the process of extinction has greatly acceleratedas a result of both human population growth and technological encroachment (侵犯) on natural ecology systems

42、. Today the majority of the worlds environmentsare changing faster than the ability of most species to adapt to such changes throughnatural selection.Species become extinct or endangered for a number of reasons, but the primary causeis the destruction of natural habitats (栖息地). Drainage of wetlands

43、(沼泽地),cutting and clearing of forests, growth of cities, and highway and dam constructionhave seriously reduced available natural habitats. As the various surroundingsbecome fragments, the remaining animal populations crowd into smaller areas,causing further destruction of natural surroundings. Spec

44、ies in these smallislands lose contact with other populations of their own kind, thus reducing theirgenetic variation and making them less adaptable to environment changes.Since the 1600s, commercial exploitation of animals for food and other productshas caused many species to become extinct or enda

45、ngered. Introduced diseases andparasites have also greatly reduced some species. Pollution is another importantcause of their extinction.Some private and governmental efforts have been organized to save declining species.Laws were made in some countries in the early 1900s to protect wild animals fro

46、mcommercial trade and killing. International endeavors are shown in the Conventionon International Trade in Endangered Species. approved by 51 nations. Its purposeis to restrict exploitation of wild animals and plants by regulating and restrictingtrade in certain species. How effective such laws wil

47、l be in various countries,however, depends on enforcement (实施 ) and support by the people and the courts.Because of a lack of law enforcement, the willingness of some segments of societyto trade in endangered species, the activities of people who catch and kill animalsillegally and dealers who suppl

48、y the trade, the future of many species is in doubtin spite of legal protection.56According to the passage, which of the following is the most important factorcausing the rapid extinction ofman species since the 17th century?AHuman beings are not aware of the importance of preserving endangered spec

49、ies.BSome endangered species have already reached the end of their life span inevolution.CThe development of human society has greatly affected naturalecology systems.DThe worlds climate has changed so greatly that mostspecies cannot survive.57In the last sentence of the second paragraph, the word i

50、slands refers toAthe lands that are completely surrounded by water.Bthe wild animals breeding grounds protected by lawCthe pieces of land separated by modern buildings and roads.Dthe small and isolated areas inhabited by certain species.58 This passage mentions all of the following reasons that caus