2009年吉林大学考博英语真题.pdf

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1、2009 年吉林大学考博英语真题GPart1VocabularyandStructure(15points)Directions:Therearethirtyincompletesentencesinthispart.Foreachsentencetherearefourchoices,markedA,B,C,D.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEEETwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.1.However,growthinthefabricatedmetalsi

2、ndustrywasableto_someofthedeclineintheironandsteelindustry.A.overturnB.overtakeC.offsetD.oppress2.Frances_ofnucleartestinginthesouthpacificlastmonthtriggeredpoliticaldebatesandmassdemonstrations.A.assumptionB.consumptionC.presumptionD.resumption3.Thewinnersofthefootballchampionshipranoffthefieldcarr

3、yingthesilvercup_.A.turbulentlyB.tremendouslyC.triumphantlyD.tentatively4.the215-pagemanuscriptcirculatedtopublisherslastOctober._anoutburst-ofinterest.A.flaredB.glitteredC.sparkedD.flashed5.Themostimportantforassessmentinthiscontestisoriginalityofdesign.？A.thresholdB.partitionC.warrantD.criterion6.

4、TheAmericansocietyis_anexceedinglyshakyfoundationofnaturalresources,whichisconnectedwiththepossibilityofaworseningenvironment.A.establishedB.affiliatedtoC.originatedfromD.incorporatedwith7.Shehas_alargesumofmoneyfromherfather.A.inheritedB.presentedC.hostedD.turned8.Hemaygivetheimpressionofbeingsever

5、e,butheisquiteakindperson_.A.fromheartB.atheartC.ofheartD.byheart9.Thecitygovernmentisgettingitsresidentstoproperty_theirgarbage.A.breakupB.disposeofC.checkoutD.handout10.TheEnglishweatherdefiesforecastandhenceisasourceofinterest_toeveryone.A.speculationB.attributionC.utilizationD.proposition11.Infa

6、ctasheapproachedthisfamousstatue,heonlybarelyresistedthe_toreachintohisbagforhiscamera.A.impatienceB.impulseC.incentiveD.initiative12.Somedaysoftwarewilltranslatebothwrittenandspokenlanguagesowellthattheneedforanycommonsecondlanguagecould_.A.descendB.declineC.deteriorateD.depress13.Equipmentnot_offi

7、cialsafetystandardshasallbeenremovedfromtheworkshop.A.conformingtoB.consistentwithC.predominantoverD.providingfor14.Theintroductionofgunpowdergraduallymadethebowandarrow_,particularlyinWesternEurope.A.obscureB.obsoleteC.optionalD.overlapping15.Theyusedtoquarrelalot,butnowtheyarecompletelywith_eachot

8、her.A.reconciledB.negotiatedC,associatedD.accommodated16.Whoeverformulatedthetheoryoftheoriginoftheuniverse,itisjust_andneedsproving.A.spontaneousB.hypotheticalC.intuitiveD.empirical17.Thefutureofthiscompanyis_:manyofitstalentedemployeesareflowingintomoreprofitablenet-basedbusinesses.A.atoddsB.intro

9、ubleC.invainD.atstake18.Itisno_thatalargenumberofviolentcrimesarecommittedundertheinfluenceofalcohol.A.coincidenceB.correspondenceC.inspirationD.intuition19.TheEnglishlanguagecontainsa(n)_ofwordswhicharecomparativeseldomusedinordinaryconversation.A.altitudeB.latitudeC.multitudeD.attitude20.Amembersh

10、ipcard_theholdertousetheclubsfacilitiesforaperiodoftwelvemonths.A.approvesB.authorizesC.rectifiesD.endows21.HeworeshortsandaT-shirtthatrevealedwell-muscledlegsandarmsandastrongneckthat_thegrizzledhair.A.beliedB.deniedC.reliedD.believed22.Thefootballteamcelebrateditsvictoryina_fashion,sotheneighborsd

11、ownstairscomplainedbitterlytothem.A.strenuousB.ambiguousC.tumultuousD.conspicuous23.Thebusispackedanditseemsthereisnoroomforonemorepersoninthe_.A.channelB.streetC.laneD.aisle24.Hisfirstplayhasbeen_tothescreen.A.transferredB.translatedC.transportedD.transformed25.Itisimpossibleto_whatwillhappen.各类考试资

12、料 vx：344647 公众号：顺通考试资料A.talkB.speakC.predictD.prediction26.ThisisthesampleofChinesearchitecture_byJapanesedesigners.A.changedB.alteredC.variedD.modified27.Hiswholeattitudehadundergonea_change.A.miniatureB.subtleC.fewD.little28.Myconscience_metotellthetruth.A.compelsB.repelsC.dispelsDspells29.Inevert

13、rustedhimbecauseIalwaysthoughtofhimassuchacharacter.A.graciousB.uniqueC.suspiciousD.particular30.Theroomwasdark,andStannearlyfelloverachairashetothephone.A.trembledB.stumbledC.mumbledD.scrambledPartIIReadingComprehension(40points)Directions:Inthispartthereare4passagesfollowedbyquestionsorunfinisheds

14、tatements.eachwithfoursuggestedanswers.Choosetheoneyouthinkisthebestanswer.MarkyouchoiceontheANSWERSHEEETwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Questions31-35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Economistsbelievethatinvestorsarerational,andthatstockpricesarethereforeunpredictable.Itsoundspeculiar,butthelogicisiro

15、nclad.Rationalinvestorswouldtakeintoaccounteverythingtheyknowwhenbuyingorsellingstock_alltheinformationavailableaboutwhereprofits,interestrates,technologyandsoonaregoing.Sostockpriceswouldreflectallavailableknowledge,andwouldchangeonlywhennewinformationcamein.Andnewinformationis,bydefinition,unpredi

16、ctable,whichmeansthatchangesinstockpriceswouldbeunpredictable,too.Butinvestors,beinghuman,aredrivenbyfear,greedandthemadnessofcrowds.Inprinciplethisshouldcreatepatternsinstockprices,andinprincipleyoucanusethosepatternstooutperformthemarket.Butwhileitmaybeveryhardtotellwhetherthemarketisovervaluedoru

17、ndervalued,onethingisforsure:Itfluctuatesmorethanitshould.Thatisinsteadofrisingorfallingonlywhenthereisrealnewsaboutfuture,stockssurgeandplungefornogoodreason.Peoplesellbecauseotherpeopleareselling,orbuybecauseotherpeoplearebuying.And,asaresult,itismoreaseriesofrandomleapsthanarandomwalk.Tuesdaywasa

18、caseinpoint.Onaslownewsday,marketssuddenlydived,withtheDowfallingbymorethan3percentandtheNastaqbymorethan5withoutanythinghappeningtochangeyourfundamentalviewaboutwhatisonintheU.S.economy.Whywasthemarketsoeasilyspooked?Presumablybecauseeveryoneisevenmoreconfusedthanusualaboutwhatstocksarereallythosed

19、ays.Ononeside,theU.S.economyhasbeenwallowingingoodnews.Productivityhasbeensoaring,allowingtheeconomytogrowfarfasterthanseemedpossible.Andwithclevernewapplicationsofsiliconchipscomingouteveryday,itiseasytobecomeexuberantaboutthefuture.Ontheotherhand,asanyfinancialtheoristcouldtellyou,goodnewsthatyoua

20、lreadyexpecttohearIisntnews.Fiveyearsago,a2percentannualincreaseinworkerproductivitywouldhavebeenregardedasexcellent,andstockswouldhaverisensharply.Todayitwouldberegardedasadisappointingperformance,andwoulddrivestocksdown.So,isitterrificorincredible?Nobodyreallyknows.Andarationalmarketwouldacceptthi

21、signorance,andwaitforsomeactualevidenceinfavorofonesideortheother.Ofcourse,itdoesntworkthatway.OneTuesday,somethingcausedinvestorstobecomeslightlylessconvincedthantheyhadbeenthedaybeforethatwearelivinginthebestofallpossibleworld.Andtheresultwasahugedestructionofpaper-virtual-wealth.31.Paragraph2seem

22、stosuggestthat_.A.investorsarenotalwaysrationalB.stockpricereflectsallavailableknowledgeC.arationalinvestorshouldbegoodinpredictionofthemarketD.becausenewinformationisunpredicteditishardforinvestorstoberational32.Accordingtothetext,investorsbecomeirrationalbecause_.A.theyarenotexperiencedB.theyposse

23、ssthenatureweallhaveC.theU.S.economyissometimesunpredictableD.theyareconfusedaboutthechangesofthestockmarket33.Theresultof“Tuesdaycase isthat_ _ _ _ _ _ _.A.theU.S.economysoaredB.theU.S.stockpricefellsharplyC.peopleweredisappointedaboutU.S.economyD.peoplewerenotsureaboutwhatstockswerereallyworth34.I

24、nparagraph5,thephrasewallowinginmaybereplacedby_.A.delightedinB.surprisedbyC.convincedbyD. doublful about35.Welearnfromthetextthat_ _.A.theinvestorsareignorantB.thestockmarketcanbefrightenedveryeasilyC.thefallingofDowby3percentisconsideredasarandomwalk”D.a2percentannualincreaseinworkerproductivityis

25、notagoodresultQuestions36-40arebasedonthefollowingpassageThemilitaryservicesrecentlyhaveshownmoreinterestinfamilyissues,includingthoserelatingtofather-childrelationships.Thisinterestparallelsthegrowingrecognitionbymilitaryleadersoftheinterdependencybetweenmilitaryeffectivenessandfamilyfunctioning.It

26、hasbeenfoundthattheextenttohichmembersaresatisfiedwiththeirfamilylifeisreflectedintheirjobperformanceandiseventuallytiedtotheirdecisiontostayinthemilitary.forhandlingincidentsofchildabuse(虐待)andneglect.Akeyaspectoftheseimportantmovesistheirfocusonpreventionratherthanpunishmentanddischarge.Thisrecogn

27、ition,coupledwiththechangingimageofthemilitarycommunityandfamily,hashelpedtoprovidemoresupportservicesformilitaryfathers.Atthepresenttime,themilitaryservicesincludeanumberoforganizationsthatprovideanimpressiverangeofservicesandprogramsforfathers.AmongtheseareFamilySupportCenters,ChaplainServices,Par

28、entEducationPrograms,Child-CareServices,andRecreationalServicesforfathersandtheirchildren.Inaddition,eachservicebranchhasestablishedpoliciesandproceduresDespitemilitaryeffortstoprovideservicesforfamilies,militaryfathershavebeenunwillinginihepasttoseedservicesoraskforhelpwithapersonalorfamilyproblem.

29、Theyoftenbelievethatiftheyseekhelpforaproblem,(heymayriskthedangerofputtingthemselvesinveryunfavorableconditionsandthusruintheircareers.Asaconsequence,militaryservicesandprogramsinrecentyearshaveincreasinglyadoptedtheconceptofreachingouttomilitaryfatherstopreventcertainproblemsintheirplanningefforts

30、.36.Thewordparallels(line3,para1)means_.A.extendssidebysidewithB.issimilartoC.growsatthesametimeasD.actsasabalanceto37.Fromthefirstparagraphwecanseethat_.A.enjoyablefamilylifeisthekeytomilitaryeffectivenessB.militaryleadersareanxioustoimprovetheirrelationshipwiththeirchildrenC.fathersareusuallyunwil

31、lingtostayinthemilitaryD.enjoyablefamilylifepromotesjobperformance38.Thefundamentalgoaloftheorganizationslistedinthesecondparagraphis_.A.topreventcrimesinthemilitaryB.tobringaboutmilitaryeffectivenessC.tohandleincidentsofchildabuseandneglectD.toeducatethechildreninthemilitary39.Thesupportservicesdes

32、cribedinthepassage.A.havedonetheirbesttohelpmilitaryfathersB.havesolvedalltheproblemsofmilitaryfathersC.havenotbeenfunctioningefficientlyD.haveruinedsomepeoplescareers.40.Formthelastsentenceofthepassage,weknowthat_.A.accesstomilitaryserviceshasbeenmademoreconvenientrecentlyB.militaryserviceshavebeen

33、workinghardonsomeideologicalproblemsC.moreandmorepeoplehaverealizedtheimportanceofplanninginmilitaryservicesD.theconceptofpreventionratherthanpunishmenthasbeenacceptedbymostpeopleinthemilitaryQuestions41-45arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Formorethanadecade,theFederalSuperfundprogram,designedtocleanupA

34、mericaswastesites,hasbeenagoldmineforlawyersandconsultants.BillionshavebeenspentonSuperfundsince1980,butcleanuphasbeencompletedatfewerthan5percentofthenations1,200mostdangerouswastesites.Wherehasthemoneygone?Anenormousamounthasbeenspentarguingandlitigatingoverwhoshouldpayforcleanup.WhenCongresscreat

35、edSuperfund,itenvisionedfast,efficientcleanupsthatwouldbefundedbyfindingthoseresponsibleateachandeverysiteandmakingthempay.Whilethissoundsgoodintheory,inrealitythisapproachhasburiedCongresssvisionunderanavalancheoflitigationandexpensive,lengthynegotiations.First,manysiteswerecreatedbywastedisposalth

36、attookplace20,30or40yearsago,orevenlonger.Thiscanmakeidentifyingeveryoneconnectedwithasite-findingrecordstoprovewhohasownedandoperatedit,whosentwhatwaste,howmuchandwhere-expensiveandtime-consuming.Second,Superfundholdsanyonewhohaseverowned,usedortransportedwastetoasiteliablefortheentirecostofcleanup

37、,evenifnolawswerebrokenatthetimeandeveniftheycontributedonlyatinyfractionsofwaste.ThisforcesthoseidentifiedatSuperfundsites-whethertheybelargecorporations,smallbusinesses,localgovernments,hospitals,universitiesorevenindividuals-tospendmoretimeandmoneylookingforotherstosharethecosts.Withcleanupcostsa

38、veraging$26millingpersiteandsomesitescostinginthehundredsofmillions,itslittlewonderthatorganizationsandprivatepartiesspendyearsinnegotiatingandlitigation.Infact,atsomesites,moremoneyisspentondeterminingwhowillpaythanoncleanupitself.Thisdoesalotforlawyersandconsultantsbutverylittlefortheenvironment.E

39、ventheAdministratoroftheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)commented, “Oneofthesadtruthsabouttheprogramisthatsomuchmoneyhasgonetopeopleinthree-piecesuitsandnotmoonsuits.41.WhatcanwelearnabouttheFederalSuperfundprogram?A.Itisanenvironmentalprotectionplan.B.Itconcernsthecleanupofminingoperationsfor

40、goldrunbythefederalgovernment.C.itemployslawyersandconsultantstodecidethepropercleanupsites.D.Itcompletesabout5%ofthecleanupeveryyear.42.Thethirdparagraphsuggeststhat_.A.quickresultswerenotexpectedwhentheprogramwasinitiatedB.thefundingofcleanupswouldcomefromwhoeverwasresponsibleforthewastesitesC.the

41、programhascausedpeopletobemorecarefulaboutwastedisposalD.Congresshasallbutgivenuptheprogram43.Whichofthefollowingisthemajorproblemincarryingouttheprogram?A.Identifyingthewastesites.B.Estimatingthecostofcleanup.C.Findingtheimportantrecordsandfiles.D.Determiningtheresponsibilityforthewastesites.44.Neg

42、otiationsandlitigationgoonandonbecausethoseinvolvedandidentified.A.demandabsolutefairnessinpayingthecostB.wantotherstosharethecostsC.denyhavingbrokenlawsD.havelittlemoneyonthecleanup45.Whatdoesthelastsentenceofthepassageimply?A.TheEPAhasspentalotofmoney.B.Cleanupneedsmuchmoremoneythanexpected.C.Mone

43、yhasdisappearedinmanydifferentways.D.Moneyhasbeenwastedonlitigation.Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Therealmofproductliabilityisonethathasalwaysputlegalscholarsandpractitionersatodds.Viewedbysomeasgenuineeffortstoprotectthepublicfromdangerousgoodsandothersasanexcusefordirtylawyerstosuer

44、ichcompanies,thematterhasyettoberesolved.Productliability,anditsimplicationsfordisgruntledconsumerswishingtosuethemakersofwhattheybuy,continuestobedebated.Thosewhoarguethatcurrentproductliabilitylawsarepositiveassertthatwithoutsuchlaws,manufacturerswouldbefreetodoastheypleasewithoutregardforthesafet

45、yoftheconsumerswhobuytheirproducts.Asaresult,theyargue,shoddymerchandisewouldemerge,witheverypossiblecornercutinordertolowercosts,attheexpenseofquality.Notonlywouldtheshoddymerchandisebearip-off,however,buttheproductscouldlikelybeharmfulaswell.Proponentsofthispointofviewhailthenewwaveofwarninglabels

46、andincreasedqualityassurancethathasresultedfromrecentproductliabilitylegislation,confidentintheirconvictionthatithasmadetheAmericanmarketplaceasaferplacetoshop.Opponentsofthecurrentstatus-quo,however,citetheoverwhelmingamountoflitigationthathastakenplaceasaresultofstricterproductliability.Amoderatea

47、pproachisadvisedbythisgroup,betweenthenecessarysafeguardsthatwouldpreventabuseofthesystembythecompaniesandtheexcessiveconsumer-protectionlawsthatallowproducerstobesuedatthedropofahat.Thesepeoplearguethatgreedandthealluringpossibilityofeasymoneyleadunscrupulousbuyerstolookforanyexcusetobringminorgrie

48、vancestocourt,hopingforamillion-dollaroutcome.Asthesituationstandsnow,theformercampisgettingitsway,reflectingsocietyspriorityofsafetyovereconomics.Recentlobbyingbyproducershavebeguntoshiftthetide,however.Asabuseofproductliabilitylawscontinuesandgrows,courtsarebeginningtonotethetrendandtakeappropriat

49、emeasures,castingakeenereyeonsuchcasessoastodistinguishbetweenfrivolouscasesandmoreseriousclaims.Inregardtothefutureofproductliabilitylegislationanditsrelationtooureverincreasinglylitigioussociety,onlytimewilltell.46.Itisstatedthatconsumerswhobringproductliabilityproblemstolitigation_.A.areprimarily

50、motivatedbythepossibilityofquickmoneythroughalawsuitB.sufferinjuriesfromfaultymerchandiseanddeserveappropriatecompensationC.willfindtheiroptionslimitedinthefutureasproductliabilitylawswillmovetowardamoremoderatepositionD.bringtheirissuestolitigationbasedonbothlegitimateandprofit-seeking,grounds47.Ma