2004年中国人民大学考博英语真题.pdf

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1、2004 年中国人民大学考博英语真题客观题部分请用铅笔将此部分试题的答案填涂在答题卡上，否则无效！II. Vocabulary (10 points)PartA (5 points)Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choicesmarked iL B, C arm 1). Choose the:one thatbest completes thesentence and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar acrossthe squ

2、are bracket on ANSWER SHEET 1.Example:She prefers foreign wine to that produced_A. previously B. vLrtuallyC. primarilyD. domesticallyThe sentence should read,; She prefers foreign wine to that producedomesticany. Therefore, you should choose D.Sample AnswerA B C D1.International sport should create

3、goodwillbetween the nations, but in thepresent organization of the Olympics somehow encourages_patriotism.A. obsoleteB. aggressiveC. harmoniousD. amiableZOne call understand others much better by noting the immediate andfleeting reactions of their eyes and _ to expressed thoughts.A. dilemmasB. count

4、enancesC. concessionsD. junctions3.People innately _for superiorityover theirpeers although itsometimes takes the form of an exaggerated lust for power.A. striveB. ascertainC. justify D. adhere4.Some scientists have suggested that Earth is a kind of, zoo or wildlifefor intelligent space beings, like

5、 the wilderness areas we have setup on earth to allow animals to develop naturally while we observe them.A. conservationB. maintenanceC. storageD. reserve5.According to the latest report, consumer confidence_a breathtaking15 points .last month, to its lowest level in 9 years.A. soaredB. mutatedC. pl

6、ummetedD. fluctuated6.Melissa is a computer_ that destroyed files in computers andfrustrated thousands of users around the world.A. geniusB. viresC. diseaseD. bacteria7.Theemphasis:on examinations is iby far the. worst form ofcompetition in schools.A. negligentB. edibleC. fabulousD. disproportionate

7、8.The boy seemed more _ to their poverty, after seeing how hisgrandparents lived.A. reconciledB. consolidatedC. deterioratedD. attributed9.During his two-month stay, in China, Tom never_ a chance topractice his Chinese.A. passed onB. passed upC. passedbyD. passed out10. When a person dies, his debts

8、 must be paid before his _ can bedistributed.A. paradoxesB. legaciesC. platitudesD. analoginPart B (5 points)Directions: In each of the following sentences there is one word or phraseunderlined. Below the sentence arefour choices marked A, B, C, andD. Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the

9、 underiined part.Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the squarebracket on ANSWER SHEET I.Example:The secretary is Very competent; she can finish all these letters within one. ;.,ca, ODebour.A. carefulB. industriousC. cleverD. capableIn this sentence, competent is closest -;n m e:z

10、ting to capable. Thereforeyou should choose D.Sample AnswerA B C DD11. He claims that advertisingtoday tends to portray women in traditionalroles such as cooking or taking care of the baby.A. depictB. advocateD; criticizeD. analyze12,. They achieved more than they had eyer dreamed, lending a magic t

11、O theirfamily storythatno tale or ordinary life could possibly rival.A.confirmB. achieveC.matchD exaggerate13. The most urgent thing is to find a dump. for those toxic_ industrial wastes.A. imminentB. recyclable C. smellyD. poisonousi4. British Prime Minister Tony Blair promised the electorate that

12、guns wouldnor be fired without an attempt to win a further U.N.sanction.A. alliesB. delegatesC. votersD. juries15. Theanalysis suggests that the tradeoff between our :childrens college andour own retirement security is ,chilling.A. frighteningB. promisingC. freezing D. revealing16. Their signing of

13、the treatywas regarded as a conspiracy against the BritishCrown.A. secret planB. bold attackC. clever design D. joint effort17. Evidence, reference, and foomotes by the thousand testify to a scrupulousresearcher who does considerable justice to a full range of differentbeorefical and political posit

14、ions.A. trustworthyB. intelligentC. diligentD. meticulous各类考试资料 vx：344647 公众号：顺通考试资料18. Despite their spartan, isolated lifestyle, them are no stories of womenbeing raped or wanton violence against civilians in the region.A. intriguingB. exasperating:C. demonstrative D. unprovoked19. The gang derive

15、d theirnickname from their dark clothing and blacked upfaces for .nocturnal raids in the forest.A. illegalB. night-timeC, brutal D. abusive20. Though sometimes too lazy to work as hard as her sisters, Linda has amore avid fondness for the limelight,A. mercurialB, gallantC. ardentD. frugalIII. Cloze

16、(10 points)Directions : Read the followingpassage. Choose the best word for eachnumbered blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across thesquarebracket on Answer Sheet I.Like many other aspects of the computer age, Yahoo began as an idea,_21 _into a hobby and Iately has_22 _ into

17、a full- time passion. Thetwo developers of Yahoo, David Filo and Jerry Yang, Ph. D candidates_ 23 _Electrical Engineeringat Stanford University, started theirguide inApril 1994 as a way to keep 24of their personal interest on the Intemet.Before long they_25_ that their home,brewed listswere becoming

18、 toolong and _ 26_Graduallythey began to spend more andmore time onYahoo.During 1994, they _ 27_yahoo into a customized database designedto_28_ the needs of the thousands of users_29_began to use theservice through the closely _ 30_ Intemet community. They developedcustomized software to help them_

19、31 _ locate, identify and edit material_32_on the Intemet.The name Yahoo is _33_to standfor YetAnother Hierarchical Officious Oracle. but Filo and Yang insist they selectedthe _34 _because they considered themselves yahoos. Yahoo? itself first_ 35 _on Yangs workstation, akebono, while the search eng

20、inewas_36 _on Filos computer, Konishiki.In early 1995 Marc Andreessen, co-founder of Netscape Communicationin Mountain View, California, invited Filo and Yang to move their files_ 37_to larger computers _38_ at Netscape. As a result Stanfordscomputer network returned to _39_ , and both parties benef

21、iasc. Today,Yahoo_40_ organized information on tens of thousands of computerslinked to the web.1. A. becameB. grewC. mmD. intend2.A. madeB. sawC. lookedD. turned3.A. inB. onC. aboutD. fer4.A. touch?. contactC. n-ackD. record5.A. foundedE. foundC. arguedD. reported6.A. unwieldyB. toughC.tamableDinval

22、uable7.A. exchangedB. shankC. soldD. converted8.A. explainB. serveC. discoverD. evaluate9. A. whichB. thatC. actuallyD. eagerly10. A. relativeB. interactiveC.boundD. contacted11. A. fluentlyB. efficientlyC.exactlyD. actually12. A. transmittedB. purchasedC. soldD.13. A. aboutB. boundC. goingD. suppos

23、edI4. A. fableB. modelC. nameD. brand15. A. supportedB. residedC. livedD. launched16. A. connectedB. lodgedC. introducedD. linked17. A. overB, awayC. insideD. beneath18. A. housedB. caughtC. hosedD. bidden19. A. averageB. normalC. ordinaryD. equal20. A. attainsB.detainsC. maintainsD. containsIV. Rea

24、ding Comprehension (20 points)Directions: Read the following passages, decideon the best one of the choicesmarked A, B, C, and D for each question or unfinished statement and then markthe corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on theANSWER SHEET.Passage 1Guthries contiguity

25、 principle offers practical suggestions for how to breakbabies.One application of the thrcshoM method involves the time young childrenspend on academic activities. Young children have short attention spans, so thelength of time they can sustain work on one activity is limited. Most activitiesare sch

26、eduled to last no longer than 30 to 40 minutes. However, at the start ofthe school year, attention spans quickly wane and behavior problems oftenresult. To apply Gutiaries theory, a teacher might, at the start of the year, limitactivities to 15 to 20 minutes. Over the next few weeks the teacher coul

27、dgreduallyincrease the time students spend workingon a single activity.Thethreshold methoci also can be applied to teaching printing abdhandwriting. When children first learn to form letters, their movementsawkward and they lack free motor coordination. The distances between lines ona page are purpo

28、sely wide so children can fit the letters into the space. If paperwith narrow lines is initially introduced, students letters would spill over theborders and students might become frustrated. Once students can form letterswithin thelarger borders, they can use paper with smaller borders to help them

29、refinetheir skills.The fatigue method can be applied when disciplining disruptive studentswho build paper airplanes and sail them across the room. The teacher canremove the students from the classroom, We them a large stack of paper, andtell them to start making paper airplanes. After the students h

30、ave made severalairplanes, the activity should lose its attraction and paper will become a cue fornot building airplanes.Some students continually race around the gym when they first enter theirphysical education class. To employ the fatigue method, theteacher mightdecide to have these students cont

31、inue to run a few more laps after the class hasbegun.The incompatible response method can be used with students who talk andmisbehave inthe media center. Reading is incompatible with talking. Themedia center teacher might ask the studentsto find interesting books and readthem while in the center. As

32、suming that the studentS find the books enjoyable,the media center will, over time, become a cue for selecting and reading booksrather than for talking with other students.In a social studies class some students regularly fall asleep. The teacherrealized that using the board and overhead projector w

33、hile lecturing was veryboring. Soon the teacher began to incorporate other elements into each lesson,such as experiments, videotapes, and debates, in an attempt to involvs studentsand raise their interest in the course.41. The purpose of this passage is to_A. informB. persuadeC. debateD. narrate42.

34、Guthrie identified three methods for_A. educating studentsB. altering bad habitsC. avoiding undesired actionD. forming good hobbies43. Which of the following is not the example of applying the thresholdmethod?A. Parents introduce spinach in small bites or mixed with a food than thechild enjoys over

35、time so that the child will not refuse to eat it.B. Teachers introduce academic content in short blocks of time for youngchildren and gradually increase session length but not to where studentsbecome frustrated or bored.C. Paper with wider lines is first used and then paper with narrowlines isintrod

36、uced step by step to help children learn printing and handwriting.D. A child might be made to throw toys until it is no longer fan by hisparents in order to change his behavior of repeatedly throwing toys.44. To stop snacking while watching television, people should keep their handsbusy by sewing, p

37、ainting, working crossword puzzles, and so forth. Overtime. watching TV becomes a cue for engaging in an activity other thansnac king. What method is used in this example?A. The threshold method.B. The fatigue method.C. The incompatible response method.D. The punishment method.45. We can draw the co

38、nclusion from the passage thatA. The incompatible response method is to force child to make unwantedresponse repeatedly in presence of stimulus until he or she becomesexhaustedB. The threshold method refers to introducing undesired behavior with aresponse incompatible with the undesired response so

39、they can not beperformed simultaneouslyC. The fatigue methodmeans that engaging in the behavior is transformdeinto avoidingit by introducing the stimulus at full strength so it becomesa cue for not performing itD. The fatiguemethod is that in presence of stimulus teachers have childmake response inc

40、ompatible with unwantedresponsePassage 2The increase in global trade means that international companies cannotafford to make costly advertising mistakes if they want to be competitive.Understanding the language and culture of target markets in foreigncountries is one of the keys to successful intern

41、ational marketing. Too manycompanies, however, have jumped into foreign markets with embarrassingwralts.Translation mistakes are at the heart of many blunders in internationaladvertising.General Motors, the US auto manufacturer, got a costly lesson when itintroduced its Chevrole Nova to the Puerto R

42、ican market. Nova is Latin fornew (star) and means star in many languages, but in spoken Spanish it cansound like no va, meaning it doesnt go. Few people wanted to buy a carwith that cursed meaning. When GM changed the name to Caribe, salespicked up dramatically.Marketing blunders have also been mad

43、e by food and beverage companies.3ne American food companys friendly Jolly Green Giant (for advertising,egetables) became something quite different when it was translated intoArabic as Intimidating Green Ogre.When translated into German Pepsis popular slogan, Come Alive withPepsi came out implying C

44、ome Alive from the Grave. No wonder customersinGermany didnt rush out to buy Pepsi.Successfulinternationalmarketingdoesntstopwithgoodranslafions-,-other aspects of culture must be researched and understood ffaarketers are to avoid blunders.When marketers do not understand and appreciate the values,

45、tastes,geography, climate, superstitions, religion, or economy of a culture, they fail tocapture their target market.For example, an Americandesigner tried to introduce a new pentare ihtothe Latin American market but the product aroused little interest. The mailreason was that the camellia used in i

46、t was traditionally used for funerals inmany South American countries.Having awakened to the special nature of foreign advertising, companiesare becoming much more conscientious in their translations and more sensitiveto cultural distinctions.The best way to prevent errors is to hire professional tr

47、anslators whounderstand the target language and its idiomatic usage, or to use a techniquecalled back translation to reduce the possibility of blunders.The process uses one person to translate a message into the targetlanguage and another to translate it back. Effective translators aim to capturethe

48、, overall message of an advertisement because a word-for-word duplicationof the original rarely conveys the intended meaning and often causesmisunderstandings.In designing advertisements for other countries, messages need tobe shotandsimple.They should also avoid jokes, since what is considered funn

49、y in one partof the world may not be so humorous in another.46. The best title of this passage might be _ .A. Culture Is Very Important ia AdvertishagB. Avoid Cultural Misunderstanding between NationsC. Overcome Cultural Shock in Different CountriesD. Advertisements Reflect Various Life Styles47. Wh

50、at does the word blunder mean in this passage?A. hesitationB. mistakeC. stutterD. default48. Which of the following statements can be used to summarize the gist fromParagraph 3 to Paragraph 6?A. Cultural shocksB. Faulty translationsC. Avoid cultural oversightsD. Prevent blunders49. We can learn from