定语从句导学案(共7页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上定语从句导学案Class Senior 1，Name 学习内容：The grammar on page 43-44学习目标：1）明确定语和定语从句 2）区分和运用关系代词和关系副词引导的定语从句 学习方法： 预习独学，课堂合作探究。教师作必要之讲解。学案使用方法： 先依案独学，再在老师的引导下进行理解和运用。【自主探究】 什么是定语和定语从句？ 定语就是对句子中的名词或代词进行修饰或限定的成分。 根据所学，相信你能找到系列句子中的定语，请在它们下面划线。（定语常可以翻译为 “ 的 ”）1) His sister is a beautiful girl in a fam

2、ous college. 2) The student reading by the window is from London. 3) We have much homework to do .可见，以上句子中的定语是单词或者短语，这是我们很熟悉的。那么下边这个句子有定语吗？The teacher who devotes all his life to teaching loves his students very much.主句是 。 剩下的是 。剩下部分与主句中的the teacher是什么关系呢？ .【发现】 不难发现，who引导的句子（“献身于教育事业的”）修饰the teache

3、r，可见句子也能作定语，我们称之为定语从句。它依附于主句，仅仅是整个句子的定语而已。【应用】：判断下列句子分别带有什么样的从句：1. He told me that he missed his train last week. 2. He told the boy who the car hit that the driver had been caught. 前为 ，后为 【合作探究】1 定语从句的相关要素及其关系 (要有耐心，安静而用心地看和理解！)1. 定语从句三要素极其功能： （可以请老师举例说明！） 先行词：（被修饰词），往往位于定语从句之前，也可以说在关系词前。 关系词 ：具有连接

4、功能-连接主句和定语从句；代替功能-代替从句中所缺部分,在句中做成分 ； 定语从句所缺部分。关系词之后的部分一定有所缺，即成分不全，意思不完整。2. 三要素之间的关系：先行词=关系词=定语从句中所缺部分。（主要是意义上的相等）说明：定语从句中所缺成分并不是真的缺了，而是被关系词替代了。如：The teacher who devotes all his life to teaching loves his students very much.句中先行词The teacher =关系词who =定语从句所缺主语。所以理解这个句子时，可以根据这个关系将其拆分为The teachers loves

5、his students very much.和The teacher devotes all his life to teaching.又比如：He told the boy who the car hit that the driver had been caught.句中先行词the boy =关系词who =定语从句中hit后所缺宾语。所以可以拆分为He told the boy that the driver had been caught.和The car hit the boy.【发现】：要更好理解定语从句，可依据以上关系将先行词放回定语从句，使之完整。【应用】：以Activit

6、y 1 on Page 43 句子为例，识别先行词、关系词、定语从句中所缺词，并将这些句子拆分为两个单句，依据三要素的等量关系进行翻译。【合作探究】2 定语从句的分类第一类：.关系代词和关系副词引导的定语从句：依据先行词的类属（人或事物）和定语从句所缺成分（看关系词后面的部分）来确定的（两大因素，缺一不可！）。 切记：what绝不能引导定语从句，它与定语从句无关。1. 关系代词引导的定语从句：关系代词主要包括五个：who, whom, whose. which, that ， 先行词是人，定从缺主语,用关系代词who / that The man who / that was here was

7、 a painter. (先行词是人，定从缺主语) 先行词是人，定语从句缺宾语，用关系代词who / whom / that 均可。Id never seen the person who/whom/that they invited. (先行词是人，定语从句中invited后缺宾语) 先行词是事物，定从缺主语、宾语、表语，都可以使用which / that 如：Well get rid of the tings that/which are old and broken. (先行词为事物，定语从句缺主语)This is the book that/which Im looking for.

8、(先行词为事物，定语从句缺宾语) 先行词不论人、物，只要定语从句缺定语“。的”，统统使用whoseIll make friends with the lady whose sister runs a company. (先行词是人，定从缺定语the ladys)We are cleaning the windows whose glass is broken. (先行词是物，定从缺定语the windows )【拓展归纳】： which 6忌 说明：关系词是事物，定语从句缺主、宾、表时，本来which / that 都可以，但以下情况只用that.先行词是不定代词或被不定代词所修饰 no, n

9、othing, some, something, any, anything, every, everything, little, few, one, much, all 等。【应用】：选择正确的关系代词：That is all which / that I want to say.先行词是形容词最高级或被最高级所修饰。【应用】：选择正确的关系代词：This is the best film which / that I have ever seen.先行词是序数词或被其修饰。 【应用】：选择正确的关系代词：The first place which / that they visited

10、was Guilin. 先行词人、物并存时。【应用】：选择正确的关系代词：They talked about the things and persons which / that they remembed.先行词前有the very, the only 时。【应用】：选择正确的关系代词： This is the very book which / that I want to buy.主句主语是who , which 时。【应用】：选择正确的关系代词：Which is the chair which / that belongs to you ?【规律揭示】 定语从句主干不完整，主要指缺主

11、语、宾语、表语时，要考虑关系代词。你也可以参考下边的表格进行理解：关系代词 指代在定语从句中所充当的成分人物句子主语宾语定语表语Who whomwhichthatwhose 2关系副词引导的定语从句 （关系副词是三个：where, when, why） 先行词是时间名词：定语从句缺时间状语, 即“当（在）。的时候”，关系词为when / 介+which，It was 1942 when/in which he killed a Japanese. (定语从句缺时间状语 in 1942, “在1942年”)但是即使先行词是地点名词，如定语从句缺表地点的主语、宾语时，关系词则为that/which

12、.It was 1942 which/that he couldnt forget all his life. (定语从句缺宾语，“forget 1942 ”) 先行词是地点名词时，定语从句缺地点状语，即“在。（地方）”，关系词为where /介+whichWe arrived in Beijing where/in which we would live for a long time. (定从缺in Beijing, “在北京“)但是，即使先行词是地点名词，如定语从句缺表地点的主、宾语时，关系词为that/which. We arrived in Beijing which/that is

13、 the capital of China. (定从缺主语“北京”) 先行词是reason,表示“做事情”的原因，关系词为why / for whichHe didnt tell us the reason why/for which he was punished. (He was punished for the reason.)但是，即使先行词是the reason, 如定语从句缺主语或宾语，关系词要用which / that I believed the reason that /which he told me last night. (定从缺宾语the reason；He told

14、 me the reason)【特别提示】可见，先行词是表时间、地点、或the reason时，关系词并不一定是用when, where或why, 还是要关注先行词的性质和定语从句缺少什么成分。这一点是学习定语从句的关键所在。【规律揭示】定语从句的主干如果完整，应该考虑关系副词。你也可以参考下边的表格进行理解：关系副词指代先行词所充当成分when时间时间名词状语where地点地点名词状语why原因reason状语【应用】：1. 完成Page 44的Activity 24. 2. Activity 3 on Page 91.合句练习 （将两个句子合成含有宾语从句的主从复合句）1I dont li

15、ke the weather. It is rainy. 。2. All of them saw the dog and the boy. They were walking in the street together. 。3. I cant pay for the computer. It costs a lot. 4. We visited the city. Tom was born there. 5.I am getting ready for November. This month is very cold. 拆句练习 （将句子拆分为两个完整的简单句）1The boy whose

16、 mother didnt know the truth had been killed in the accident. 。2. Anybody who refused to bow was thrown into prison without trial. 。3. You are the only one of the family who has received education. 。4. Ill never forget the day when we once stayed together. 。5. As is known to everybody, light travels

17、 faster than sound. 。3. 特殊定语从句：（特殊现象特别留心！） 先行词是the way，定语从句缺状语in the way表“做事情”的方式，关系词为that/in which/或者省略。I hate the way that/in which/ / he treats people. “他待人的方式” （He treats people in the way.）但是，如先行词是the way, 定语从句缺主语或宾语the way, 而不是缺状语in the way，则用which / that.The way that/which the old man used wa

18、s of great use. (the old man used the way.缺宾语)想一想：（填什么呢？） I hate the way he speaks to me.I accepted the way he introduced. 先行词前有the same, such时, 关系词为as. 即the same/ suchasHe is not the same man as he was. 他和从前的他不一样了。I hope to get such a dictionary as he is using.想一想，填一填, 是that 还是 as 呢？1）He is such a

19、lovely boy everyone likes him in our village.He is such a lovely boy everyone likes in our village. 以上两个句子有着明显的不同，你看出来没？能就此总结出你的发现吗？ 想一想：（填什么呢？） He is so lovely a boy everyone likes in our village. 2）the samethat表示前后涉及到的是同一个人或物（同一性）；the sameas则表示前后涉及到的是同一类的人或物（相似性）。Today she wears the same skirt tha

20、t she wore yesterday. (她今天穿的是昨天穿的那条裙子。 同一条裙子)Today she wears the same skirt as she wore yesterday. （她今天穿的裙子与昨天穿的一样。同一款式）判断：Your watch is nice! Ill buy the same watch that you wear. ( ) 先行词是situation, occasion, point, case, position, spot等时，定语从句主干齐全，那么它们之后的关系词当为where，表示“状况、情形”等抽象的含义。They cant forget

21、the occasion where sharks attacked people.想一想：（填什么呢？） He experienced the situation he could see nothing suddenly.He experienced the situation shocked him badly.4. 介词+关系代词which/whom引导的定语从句：（此类定语从句也可以理解为介词前置）如： He got a bike which he paid 200 yuan for. 句中的介词for也可以放到which前： He got a bike for which he p

22、aid 200 yuan .又如：I dont know the woman whom / who I gave the umbrella to yesterday. = I dont know the woman to whom I gave the umbrella yesterday.（介词to前置后, 就只能用whom了）【发现】 可见定语从句中有介词时，可以将介词前置到关系词前，从而形成“介词+which” 或“介词+whom”类型的定语从句。【特别提示】：这样的定语从句介词后只能是whom, 表人；which，表事物，不能是其他关系代词。用法：1）也可以把介词放在定语从句中而不前置

23、，此时关系词可以是that, which, who, whom. 一旦介词前置倒关系代词前，就只可能是whom表人或which表事物 了。This is the teacher who/whom/that weve learnt a lot from.= This is the teacher from whom weve learnt a lot2) 介词常依据介词与先行词的搭配习惯或介词与定语从句中动词的搭配习惯来确定。【应用】： Remember the speed which you are allowed to drive.He is the very man whom I talk

24、ed just now.3) 短语动词中的介词不前置。Is this book which he is looking for? （for不可前置到which前）判断：句中介词能前置吗？ 1) Making money is the purpose which he works for. 2) I visited the old man who he looked after .4) whose 引导的定语从句可以变成介词”of+关系代词”which/whom引导的定语从句。I live in a room whose window opens to the south. = I live i

25、n a room the window of which opens to the south. =I live in a room of which the window opens to the south.【应用】1 He saw the car whose door was open.= .= 【应用】2 Do you know the man whose hair is white?= .= 4） 在 of which / whom前可以出现数词或代词。 （常考类型！） 代词指的是all, none. both. neither. any. Each, either 等。填空： He

26、 has two sons, both of are teaching in the same university. 基数词或者a few, several, many, a lot of, a number of等表数量的词也可以。填空： There are 54 students, three of come from the US.【应用】：判断： I have two brothers. Neither of them is a doctor. ( ) I have two brothers，neither of them is a doctor. ( ) There were ma

27、ny philosophers at that time, many of which were very great. ( ) 【应用】：完成Page 47的三道练习题。巩固提升案I. 用恰当的关系词填空1. He is a very kind-hearted man, is always ready to help others.2. She has two daughters, both of work as engineers in an institute.3. He is wearing such a strange coat will make everyone laugh at

28、 the sight of it.4. This is the most interesting story hes ever heard.5. The first thing we must do is to mend those shoes.6. October 1st, 1949 is the day New China was founded.7. We paid a visit to the village Mao Zedong was born.8. Can you tell me the reason he was late.9.Last month we went to a c

29、hemical works, was set up in the 1960s and where my father has worked for dozens of years.10. I cant accept the way you speak to me. II. 单项选择1. The doctor thought would be good for you to have a holiday.A. this B. that C. one D. it2. The house we live is not large.A. which B. in which C. on which D.

30、 at which3. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, was very reasonable.A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose4. He has to work in Sundays, he does not like.A. and which B. which C. and when D. when5. This school, any body can see, is one of the best middle school

31、 in our city.A. that B. as C. so D. what6. This is Mr Black, I think has something interesting to tell you.A. who B. whom C. that D. which7. Do you still remember the poor village we visited three months ago?A. where B. when C. that D. what8. Is this the reason at the meeting for his carelessness in

32、 the work?A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained9. What surprised me was not what he said but he said it.A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which10. I suggest that we should take part in more such activities in future we did last week.A. whic

33、h B. as C. that D. than11. There are 103 elements found in nature, are metals.A. most of which B. most of them C. most of that D. most which12. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% are sold abroad.A. of which B. which C. of them D. of that13. Madam Curie, life had once

34、been very hard, was given two Nobel Prizes.A. of whom B. for whom C. for whose D. in whom14 Its helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.A. that B. when C. which D. where15 - What do you think of teaching, Bob? - I find it funny and challenging. It is a job you are

35、doing something serious but interesting.A. where B. which C. when D. that16. He always helps the old man are away from home.A. which sons B. the sons of whose C. the sons of whom D. the sons of that17.I still keep the time in my mind I spent on something boring.A. when B. on which C. that D. of whic

36、h定语从句(二)【自主探究】 第二类定语从句-限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：依据定语从句与先行词的关系而定。限制性定语从句修饰限定先行词，是整个句子不可少的部分，与主句浑然一体无逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句对先行词进行补充说明，不是必不可少的，与主句常有逗号隔开。（有无逗号是判断的关键）He has two sons who are both drivers .(限制性定语从句)He has two sons, who are both drivers.(非限制性定语从句)They climbed up a mountain, on the top of which stood a temp

37、le.=They climbed up a mountain, on whose top stood a temple. (非限制性定语从句)说明： 非限制性定语从句关系词的确定与前边所学限制性定语从句关系词的确定相同。两者的区别：1. that 和why 均不可以引导非限制性定语从句。（重点知识！）2. 非限制性定语从句与主句关系不密切，中间常用逗号隔开，常可翻译为两句话；而限制性定语从句时主句不可少的部分，和主句一起翻译为一句话。3. 在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词可以省略，但在非限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词却不能省去。This is the man that/ who / w

38、hom we are talking about. (hat/ who / whom 可以省略)This is the man ，whom we are talking about. （whom不可以省略）4. 在限制性定语从句中，指人时，作宾语的whom可以用who / that代替，但在非限制性定语从句中不可替代。判断： I saw the student who they punished. ( ) I saw the student, who their teachers were worried about. ( ) 【合作探究】1. as 和which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别它

39、们都可以指代整个主句，充当关系代词引导非限制性定语从句。从以下三个方面进行区别：1. 位置。which 只能位于主句之后。 He was late for the meeting, which made the chairman very angry.as 可以位于主句前、中、后，很灵活。As is known to all, he is the best student in our class. = He, as is known to all, is the best student in our class.= He is the best student in our class,

40、as is known to all.2. 意思。 as通常为“正如，正像，像。一样”；which 常为“这件事”3. 搭配习惯。 as 多与被动结构连用，如 know, understand, hear, see, say, believe, expect, report 等构成的别动语态；而which多与主动结构连用。巩固练习：（也可以选作Module 6 语法部分相关练习。）【合作探究】2. 定语从句常考类型高考考察的重点是关系词的选取、非限制性定语从句、介词+关系代词等方面，具体如下：1 that 和which引导定语从句的区别与联系。2 定语从句中的隔离现象。只要能准确拆分主句和从句，就能看出起分隔作用的部分不影响做题。Lucy always speaks highly of her role in the play, which of course, ma