【精品】2020年中考英语阅读理解解题技巧精讲课件(广东版).ppt

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1、分析情况分析情况 近四年广东中考英语阅读理解部分包括：阅读理解（近四年广东中考英语阅读理解部分包括：阅读理解（A、B篇）和配对阅篇）和配对阅读（读（C篇）两部分。篇）两部分。 阅读理解考查的是学生掌握阅读材料的主旨大意的能力，以及对材料细阅读理解考查的是学生掌握阅读材料的主旨大意的能力，以及对材料细节的理解和快速获取关键信息的能力。近四年省卷阅读理解题所涉及的内容节的理解和快速获取关键信息的能力。近四年省卷阅读理解题所涉及的内容丰富、题材广泛、主要包括广告、日常生活及科普知识等。选材多贴近学生丰富、题材广泛、主要包括广告、日常生活及科普知识等。选材多贴近学生的日常生活，富有时代感、交际性和教育

2、意义。的日常生活，富有时代感、交际性和教育意义。 A篇短文一般是应用文，包括广告宣传、通知、标识辨认、书籍目录、学篇短文一般是应用文，包括广告宣传、通知、标识辨认、书籍目录、学校新闻及图书馆通知等。这类文章具有较强的交际性和实用性，旨在考察考校新闻及图书馆通知等。这类文章具有较强的交际性和实用性，旨在考察考生在日常生活中运用、理解及处理信息的能力。短文内容浅显易懂，有效信生在日常生活中运用、理解及处理信息的能力。短文内容浅显易懂，有效信息简洁明了，考生只要锁定关键词，仔细寻找原文有效信息，基本上能直接息简洁明了，考生只要锁定关键词，仔细寻找原文有效信息，基本上能直接从原文中找到答案。从原文中找

3、到答案。 B篇短文与篇短文与A篇相比，文章问题有明显的变化，一般属于叙事类或说明类篇相比，文章问题有明显的变化，一般属于叙事类或说明类文章。虽然文章问题发生变化，但文章的难度并没有增加很多。考生只要认文章。虽然文章问题发生变化，但文章的难度并没有增加很多。考生只要认真阅读，配以一定的阅读技巧，对全文有宏观的理解把握，就可以从题目中真阅读，配以一定的阅读技巧，对全文有宏观的理解把握，就可以从题目中提炼出关键词，并在原文中精确定位，集中精读，即可得出正确答案。提炼出关键词，并在原文中精确定位，集中精读，即可得出正确答案。 C篇是广告信息匹配题，其阅读理解中篇幅最长，考察难度稍大的部分。篇是广告信息

4、匹配题，其阅读理解中篇幅最长，考察难度稍大的部分。而且选项中会出现一项干扰项，因此考生需要通读题目及选项，在整体上把而且选项中会出现一项干扰项，因此考生需要通读题目及选项，在整体上把握每道题的中心，再进行广告信息的匹配。握每道题的中心，再进行广告信息的匹配。近四年广东省卷阅读理解的统计与分析事实细节事实细节猜测词义猜测词义推理判断推理判断概括主旨概括主旨/题目题目数学计算数学计算2011A篇： 40100B篇： 112102012A篇： 20201B篇： 21012013A篇： 50000B篇： 310102014A篇： 30200B篇： 21110近四年省卷阅读近四年省卷阅读理解的统计与分理

5、解的统计与分析析 C篇：篇： 技巧：划出左栏的关键字，一一与右栏的内容配对，找出技巧：划出左栏的关键字，一一与右栏的内容配对，找出 最符合的答案最符合的答案。年份年份内容内容2011根据宠物启事，寻找自家的宠物2012根据病人的健康问题，选择合适的专科医生2013根据每个人的需求，选择合适的商品。2014根据每个人的兴趣描述，选择适合的网站主 旨 大 意 型主 旨 大 意 型事实细节型事实细节型 词词 义义 猜猜 测测 型型命命 题题 类类有关阅读理解题目主要有以有关阅读理解题目主要有以下四种下四种:推推 理理 判判 断断 型型一、主旨大意题一、主旨大意题 （除法干扰项除法干扰项）干扰项干扰项

6、1 可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。干扰项干扰项2 可能属从文中某些可能属从文中某些 (不完全的不完全的) 事事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。实或细节片面推出的错误结论。干扰项干扰项3 可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。这类题型的正确答案，一般来说不会在文中直接找到，需这类题型的正确答案，一般来说不会在文中直接找到，需要根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼要根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。但在选项中也不免出现一些干统、言过其实或以偏概全。但在选项中也不免出现一些干扰项，例如：扰项，例如：1)Wh

7、at does the writer mainly tell us? 2)Which of the following can summar-ize the main idea of this text?3)Which of the following best expresses the main idea?4)Which is the subject discussed in the text?6)Whats the best title of the passage?主旨大意题主旨大意题的常见的提问形式的常见的提问形式:例题：例题： Fifty-three years ago Barbi

8、e Millicent Roberts first appeared in the world of toys. Since then, Barbie doll, as everyone called her,has become the most successful toy doll in history. Her parent,the Mattel Company,said that 90% of all American girls between 3 and 10 have at least one Barbie at home. However, Barbie is facing

9、some trouble at present (现在现在). There are many similar dolls on the market in competition with her. Another doll named Bratz, for example, come to life thirteen years ago. She looked more like todays pop stars with heavy makeup(浓浓妆妆) and miniskirts. And her company offers more kind of clothes too. I

10、t seems that Barbie has lost her magic among older girls. “ For younger girls, playing with a Barbie is much fun. But when you get older, you want something smarter and more modern,” says Vera Shepherd, a shop assitant in a New York toy store. It is good news that on the international market. Barbie

11、 is still No. 1. although Mttel is selling ferwer Barbies in the United States three years, sales in other countries are still going up.in January 2009, Mattel opened its first Barbie store in Shanghai, where girls can shop, eat, drink or even become fashion designers for their own Barbies. Mattel i

12、s planning big celebration for Barbies 53rd birthday. Fashion designers from all over the world have been called to make new dresses for Barbie. How long will Barbie stay popuplar in the world of toy dolls? It is hard to say, but 53 is surely not the age to retire(退休退休)。 1、What is the best title of

13、the passage? A. First Barbie Shop in Shanghai B. Barbies Past and present C. Barbies 53rd Birthday Party D. Barbie Lost Her Magic技巧：技巧： 1、先了解文章的主要意思，大概是说了什么事情。、先了解文章的主要意思，大概是说了什么事情。 2、根据每段的段落大意（开头前面几句），总结归纳文章的、根据每段的段落大意（开头前面几句），总结归纳文章的主旨主旨 3、利用排除法，排除掉干扰项、利用排除法，排除掉干扰项例题：例题： Fifty-three years ago Barb

14、ie Millicent Roberts first appeared in the world of toys. Since then, Barbie doll, as everyone called her,has become the most successful toy doll in history. Her parent,the Mattel Company,said that 90% of all American girls between 3 and 10 have at least one Barbie at home. However, Barbie is facing

15、 some trouble at present (现在现在). There are many similar dolls on the market in competiotion with her. Another doll named Bratz, for example, come to life thirteen years ago. She looked more like todays pop stars with heavy makeup(浓浓妆妆) and miniskirts. And her company offers more kind of clothes too.

16、 It seems that Barbie has lost her magic among older girls. “ For younger girls, playing with a Barbie is much fun. But when you get older, you want something smarter and more modern,” says Vera Shepherd, a shop assitant in a New York toy store.干扰项干扰项 3 It is good news that on the international mark

17、et. Barbie is still No. 1. although Mttel is selling ferwer Barbies in the United States three years, sales in other countries are still going up.in January 2009, Mattel opened its first Barbie store in Shanghai, where girls can shop, eat, drink or even become fashion designers for their own Barbies

18、. Mattel is planning big celebration for Barbies 53rd birthday. Fashion designers from all over the world have been called to make new dresses for Barbie. How long will Barbie stay popuplar in the world of toy dolls? It is hard to say, but 53 is surely not the age to retire(退休退休)。 干扰项干扰项 1干扰项干扰项 2 文

19、章中心是文章中心是论点论点，事实细节是，事实细节是论论据据或或主要理由主要理由；有关细节的问题常对；有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接直接或或间接间接在文章中找到答案。在文章中找到答案。 提问的特殊疑问词常有：提问的特殊疑问词常有：what, who, which, where, how, why 等。等。事事实实细细节节型型 解题原则解题原则：忠实于原文上下文及忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。1）Which of the fol

20、lowing statement is true?2）Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?3）The author ( or the passage) states that_.4）According to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.)_? 在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式：定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式：例题例题2. Barbies family name is_. A

21、.RobertsB.millicent C.ShepherdD.Bratz3.Barbies trouble is that_. A.it wears heavy makeup and miniskirts. B.other dolls are more popular with little girls. C.other dolls are trying to beat her in the market. D.it has become less popular in the international market.例题：例题： Fifty-three years ago Barbie

22、Millicent Roberts first appeared in the world of toys. Since then, Barbie doll, as everyone called her,has become the most successful toy doll in history. Her parent,the Mattel Company,said that 90% of all American girls between 3 and 10 have at least one Barbie at home. However, Barbie is facing so

23、me trouble at present (现在现在). There are many similar dolls on the market in competition with her. Another doll named Bratz, for example, come to life thirteen years ago. She looked more like todays pop stars with heavy makeup(浓浓妆妆) and miniskirts. And her company offers more kind of clothes too. It

24、seems that Barbie has lost her magic among older girls. “ For younger girls, playing with a Barbie is much fun. But when you get older, you want something smarter and more modern,” says Vera Shepherd, a shop assitant in a New York toy store. It is good news that on the international market. Barbie i

25、s still No. 1. although Mttel is selling ferwer Barbies in the United States three years, sales in other countries are still going up.in January 2009, Mattel opened its first Barbie store in Shanghai, where girls can shop, eat, drink or even become fashion designers for their own Barbies. Mattel is

26、planning big celebration for Barbies 53rd birthday. Fashion designers from all over the world have been called to make new dresses for Barbie. How long will Barbie stay popuplar in the world of toy dolls? It is hard to say, but 53 is surely not the age to retire(退休退休)。 同义法同义法 常在词或短语之间有并列常在词或短语之间有并列连

27、词连词and或或or，它们连接的两项内容在含它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。 反义法反义法 如如 hot and cold, give and receive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。 释义法释义法 对文章中的生词用定语对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。词词义义猜猜测测型型 情景推断法、代词替代法情景推断法、代词替代

28、法等等1 1）文中找线索或信息词）文中找线索或信息词; ;2) 2) 根据熟悉的词及词义判根据熟悉的词及词义判断新单词之意；断新单词之意； 3 3）根据上下文判断新词汇）根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思。在特定句中确切意思。做题要领做题要领例题例题4、Whats the meaning of the underline words “fashion designers” in the passage? A.珠宝设计师珠宝设计师 B.发型设计师发型设计师 C.舞台设计师舞台设计师 D.服装设计师服装设计师例题：例题： Fifty-three years ago Barbie Millice

29、nt Roberts first appeared in the world of toys. Since then, Barbie doll, as everyone called her,has become the most successful toy doll in history. Her parent,the Mattel Company,said that 90% of all American girls between 3 and 10 have at least one Barbie at home. However, Barbie is facing some trou

30、ble at present (现在现在). There are many similar dolls on the market in competiotion with her. Another doll named Bratz, for example, come to life thirteen years ago. She looked more like todays pop stars with heavy makeup(浓浓妆妆) and miniskirts. And her company offers more kind of clothes too. It seems

31、that Barbie has lost her magic among older girls. “ For younger girls, playing with a Barbie is much fun. But when you get older, you want something smarter and more modern,” says Vera Shepherd, a shop assitant in a New York toy store. It is good news that on the international market. Barbie is stil

32、l No. 1. although Mttel is selling ferwer Barbies in the United States three years, sales in other countries are still going upin January 2009, Mattel opened its first Barbie store in Shanghai, where girls can shop, eat, drink or even become fashion designers for their own Barbies. Mattel is plannin

33、g big celebration for Barbies 53rd birthday. Fashion designers from all over the world have been called to make new dresses for Barbie. How long will Barbie stay popuplar in the world of toy dolls? It is hard to say, but 53 is surely not the age to retire(退休退休)。 关键线索：关键线索：make new dresses 推理判断题推理判断题

34、：高考重头戏，20个题中常有6-8个，着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。 以原文内容以原文内容为前提，据作者的观点理论（非考生观点），客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。推推理理判判断断型型 透过现象看本质透过现象看本质，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。推理判断题推理判断题 既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。推理判断型推理判断型常见的命题方式有：常见的命题方式有：1. The passage implies (暗示暗示

35、) that_.2. We can conclude (得出结论得出结论) from the passage that_.3. Which of the following can be inferred (推论推论)?4.What is the tone (语气语气) of the author ?5.What is the purpose (目的目的) of this passage?6.The passage is intended to _.7.Where would this passage most probably appear? 例题例题 Almost every Chines

36、e person can recite the two lines of the famous poem, “Every grain on the plate comes from hard work(谁知盘中餐，粒粒皆辛苦).” But sadly, many of us dont actually get the real meaning of these lines: Dont waste food. A CCTV program, News One Plus One, reported that the food Chinese people throw away every year

37、 is enough to feed 200 million people for a year. Do we have too much food? Of course not. According to the UN World Food Program, there were 925 million hungry people around the world in 2010, especially in developing countries. Six million children die of hunger every year. Chinese people are well

38、 known for being hospitable(好客的) and generous. Many even feel that they lose face if their guests have eaten all the food on the table. 练习题解释解释P5 Luckily, a number of people have realized the importance of saving food. Last November, Li Hong, a waitress in a restaurant in Nanjing, got fired because

39、she took some leftover food home for her son. Many people stood by her side and criticized(批评) the waste of food.What should we do in our daily lives to waste less food? Here are some tips:1. Do not order too much in a restaurant. Only order as much as you want to eat. If you cannot eat all the food

40、 you ordered, take the rest of it home.2. Dont be too picky(挑剔的) about food. Some food may not taste great, but your body needs it.3. Keep an eye on what food you have at home. Dont buy too much, especially for vegetables and fruit.4. According to the passage, we shouldnt waste food because _. A. fo

41、od comes from very hard work B. six million children die of hunger every day C. there is enough food to feed all the people D. Chinese are hospitable and generous答案：答案：A判断依据：判断依据：Almost every Chinese person can recite the two lines of the famous poem, “Every grain on the plate comes from hard work(谁

42、知盘中餐，粒粒皆辛苦谁知盘中餐，粒粒皆辛苦).” But sadly, many of us dont actually get the real meaning of these lines: Dont waste food.练习练习1 （2014中考题）中考题） To us, it seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains. But in fact the umbrella was not invented as protection against the rain. Its fi

43、rst use was as a shade(遮蔽遮蔽) against the sun.Nobody knows who first invented it, but the umbrella was used in very ancient times. Probably the first to use it were the Chinese, back in the eleventh century BC. We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade. And there w

44、as a strange thing connected with its use : it became a symbol of honor and power(权力权力). In the Far East in ancient times, the umbrella was allowed to be used only by those in high office or by royal people such as the kings or queens.事实细节事实细节事实细节事实细节词义猜测词义猜测关键线索：关键线索：such as the king or queens In E

45、urope, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade. The umbrella was in common use in ancient Greece, but it is believed that the first people in Europe to use the umbrella as protection against the rain were the ancient Romans. During the middle ages in Europe, the use of the umbrel

46、la almost disappeared. Then it appeared again in Italy in the late sixteenth century. And again it became a symbol of power. Umbrellas have not changed much in style during all this time, though they have become much lighter in weight. It wasnt until the twentieth century that the umbrellas for wome

47、n began to be made in all kinds of colors.判断推理判断推理1. Ancient people first used umbrellas as _. A. a symbol of honor B. protection against the sun C. a symbol of power D. protection against the rain2. According to the passage, the umbrella was probably first used in ancient _. A. Egypt . B. Babylon C

48、. Rome D. China3. The underlined word royal might mean _ in Chinese. A.皇室的皇室的 B.富裕的富裕的 C.中产的中产的 D.平民的平民的4. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? A. The ancient Greeks used the umbrella in their daily life. B. Europeans hardly used the umbrella during the middle ages. C. The u

49、mbrellas for women were made colorful in ancient times. D. The style of the umbrella hasnt changed a lot since it was invented5. This passage is mainly about _.A. the sales of the umbrella B. the differences among umbrellasC. the invention of the umbrella D. the history and the use of the umbrella练习

50、二练习二 Dream culture is an important part of ancient Chinese culture. Dream interpreting（理解）is popular in China, and the most famous reference for dream interpreting is the book of Duke of Zhou Interprets Dreams. Ancient Chinese people thought that dreams could suggest lucky and unlucky things. Since