初中八大时态加练习题及讲解(共30页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上(一)一般现在时1、定义: 一般现在时表示现在经常反复发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的动作的时态。常与时间状语often （经常），usually（通常），always（总是），every（每个），sometimes（有时），at （在几点钟）等连用。例句：I go to school at 6 every morning. 每天早上我七点去上学。Summer follows spring. 春天之后是夏天。The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。I learned that the earth goes around the sun w

2、hen I was in primary school. 我在小学就学过地球是围绕太阳转的。Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。2、构成：（基本结构：主语+动词原形（be动词/行为动词）+其他）1）当主语是第三人称单数时，行为动词需变形：a 人称代词主格宾格单数复数单数复数第一人称IWeMeUs第二人称YouYouYouYou第三人称HeTheyHimThemSheTheyHerThemItTheyItThemb 行为动词变形情况构成方法读音例词一般情况加 -s清辅音后读/s/ 浊辅音和元音后读/z/swim-swims；help-helps；like-likes以辅

3、音字母+o结尾的词加 -es读/z/goes,does以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词加 -es读/iz/watches,washes以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y 为i再加es读/z/study-studies不规则变化have和be动词变have 为 has变be为am,is,arehave-has be-am,is,are3）否定和疑问a否定形式be动词（am, is, are）+not；在行为动词前加dont/dont Jack doesnt like Chinese food at all. 杰克一点都不喜欢饮食。b一般疑问句Do/Does+主语+do+其他？ Is/Are+主语+其他？D

4、o you have six classes every day? Yes, we do/ No, we dont. Is Lucy at home now? Yes, she is. / No, she isnt.c特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句? How many class do you have every day? What day is it today?星期几？3、用法主要用于下面几情况：1) 描述当前时间内经常出现、反复发生的动作或存在的状态。在这种情景中，句子常带有表示频率的时间状语：always , everyday , often , once a week (mon

5、th , year , etc.) , sometimes , seldom , usually等等，以表示句中的动作或状态是习惯性的、经常性的。例如：They raise ducks as a sideline .他们以养鸭为副业。She doesnt often write to her family, only once a month. 她不常给家里写信，仅一月一封而已。I cycle to work every day .我每天骑自行车上班。It seldom rains here .这儿很少下雨。 2）仅为了描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等。这里的目的是为了描述现阶段的动作或状态，其

6、重点不是强调动作发生的时间、或进行的状态。例如： He can speak five foreign languages .他能说五种外语。That is a beautiful city .那是座美丽的城市。Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 长江是世界上最长的河流之一。She majors in music .她主修音乐。All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。My sister is always ready to help others. 我妹妹总是乐于助人。3)

7、陈述客观事实、客观真理。顾名思义，客观的情况是 “没有时间概念”“不会在意动作进行的状态” The sun rises in the east .日出东方。The earth goes around the sun .地球绕着太阳转。Ten minus two is eight.十减二等于八。Light travels faster than sound .光的速度比声音的速度快。The United States lies by the west coast of the Pacific Ocean. 美国位于太平洋西岸。 4) 表示格言或警句中。例如： Pride goes before

8、a fall.骄者必败。（ 注意：此用法如果出现在宾语中，即使是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.）用于一般现在时的副词，除了上面提到的一些表示频率的以外，常见的还有：now, today , nowadays等等。【习题】1. I _ ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year. A. will play B. have played C. played D. play【分析】D。“我的乒乓球是打得相当好的，但自

9、新年以来还一直没有时间去打。”球打得好是现在已有的技能，故用一般现在时。2. Youre drinking too much.Only at home. No one _ me but you. A.is seeing B. had seen C. sees D. saw 【分析】C。由 only at home 可知“我”只在家里喝得多，除你之外，没有人看见。谈的是现在一般性情况，故用一般现在时。（二）一般过去时1、定义：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday，yesterday morning，yesterday afternoon，last ni

10、ght，in 1990 ，two days ago等。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作（过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为），常如often，always等表示频率的时间状语连用；过去主语所具备的能力和性格。2、构成：（基本结构: 主语+动词过去式+其他）1）一般过去时由动词的过去式表示，其规则动词变化方法如下：情况规则例词一般情况加-edPack-packed以辅音字母加y结尾的动词变y为-iedcarry-carried以元音字母加y结尾的动词加-edplay-played以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词双写辅音字母加-edplan-planned refer-referred以不发

11、音的e结尾的动词直接加-dlike-liked provide-provided注：首先闭指字母后都是辅单字母的。重读闭就是在单词中这个闭需要重读。的单节是按单词数量和自来计算的。如beautiful-beau-ti-ful是三个interesting-in-teres-ting也是三个。 只用一个的闭单词，都需要重读 如fat cat bag等 有两个的结尾为闭的，有可能重读，如begin-AB 也有可能不重读，如open-AB 有三个的结尾为闭的单词，读成ABC, ABC时，都不是重读闭，只有读成ABC时才是重读闭。2）常用不规则变化：常用的不规则动词的过去式：do-did read-re

12、ad write-wrote win-won be-was/were make-madedrink-drank bring-brought go- went buy-bought throw-threw come-came eat-ate have-had get-gotmeet-met put-put注：was用于第一、三人称单数，were用于其他人称。3) 否定和疑问a否定形式was/were+not；在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词 Were you students? Yes, we were. / No, we werent. Did the house have two

13、rooms? Yes, it did / No, it didnt.b一般疑问句Did+主语+do+其他？Was/Were+sb.+dosth.？ Jane wasnt in this classroom. The house didnt have two rooms.c特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was(were)/did+v+主语+表语/宾语? How many rooms did the house have? Which class was Jane in?3、用法1)一般过去时表示在过去某个特定时间发生，也可以表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作。一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响，只说明过去的事

14、情。例如： I had a word with Julia this morning. 今天早晨，我跟朱丽亚说了几句话。 He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up. 他没有戒烟的那阵子，抽烟抽得可凶了。2）带有确定的过去时间状语时，要用过去时。如：yesterday（昨天）、twodaysago（两天前）、lastyear（去年）theotherday（前几天）、onceuponatime（很久以前）、justnow（刚才）、intheolddays（过去的日子里）、beforeliberation（解放前）、WhenIwas8years

15、old（当我八岁时）、at+一个时间点例句：Didyouhaveapartytheotherday? 前几天，你们开了晚会了吗？ LeiFengasagoodsoldier.雷锋是个好战士。注意：在谈到已死去的人的情况时，多用过去时。3）表示过去连续发生的动作时，要用过去时。这种情况下，往往没有表示过去的时间状语，而通过上下文来表示。Theboyopenedhiseyesforamoment，lookedatthecaptain，andthendied. 那男孩把眼睛张开了一会儿，看看船长，然后就去世了。4）表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作。常与always，never等连用。 Mrs.Pe

16、teralwayscarriedanumbrella.彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。（只是说明她过去的动作，不表明她现在是否常带着伞。）5）如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用usedtodo（过去常常做，而现在不那样做了）He used to drink alcohol.他过去喝酒。（意味着他现在不喝酒了。喝酒这个动作终止了）I used to take a walk in the morning.我过去是在早晨散步。（意味着现在不在早晨散步了）【习题】1. Helen _ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _ ho

17、me. A. has left; comesB. left; had comeC. had left; cameD. had left; would come解析：答案选 C。leave 应发生在 had to wait 这个过去动作之前，“过去的过去”用过去完成时; 后一空用一般过去时表示过去将来。2. Nancy is not coming tonight.But she _!A. promisesB. promisedC. will promiseD. had promised解析：答案选 B。“但她曾经答应要来的”，过去的许诺，故用。3. You havent said a word

18、about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it?Im sorry I _ anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you. A. wasnt sayingB. dont sayC. wont sayD. didnt say解析：答案选 D。用一般过去时，指“我刚才没急于说”。（三）一般将来时1、定义 表示在现在看来即将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用时间副词tomorrow, soon或短语next year / week / month, in a few days, in the

19、future, sometime 做状语。如：What will you do this afternoon? 你今天下午干什么？We will have a meeting tomorrow. 我们明天要开会。He is going to study abroad next year. 明年他要出国学习。2、一般将来时的构成的基本用法是表示单纯的将来事实，由“will / shall + 动词原形”构成： We shall have a lot of rain next month. 下个月将下很多雨。I think she will pass the exam. 我想他考试会及格的。3、表

20、示将来时间的几种常见方法英语中除了“will /shall+动词原形”表示半来时态外，还可以有以下多种方法：1) 用“be going to+动词原形”表示。主要表示打算和预测：We are not going to stay there long. 我们不准备在那里多待。(表打算)Im afraid theyre going to lose the game. 恐怕他们会赛输。(表预测)Look, its going to rain. 瞧，要下雨了。(表预见) 注：be going to 后接动词go和come时，通常直接改用其进行时态：Where is he going to go? /

21、Where is he going? 他打算到哪里去？2) 用“be to+动词原形”表示。主要表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作；有时也表示命令、禁止或可能性：He is to leave for Beijing tomorrow. 他决定明天去北京。Tell him hes not to be back late. 告诉他不准迟回。3) 用“be about to+动词原形”表示。主要表示即将要发生的事：He is about to leave. 他即将要离开。Sit down, everyone. The film is about to start. 大家坐好，电影马上就要开发始了。注：

22、该结构通常不与具体的时间状语连用：误：He is about to leave soon tomorrow.另外，该结构在美国英语中还可表示“打算”(主要用于否定句)：Im not about to lend him any more money. 我不打算再借给他任何钱。4) 用“be due to+动词原形”表示。主要表示按计划或时间表将要发生某事：He is due to leave very soon. 他很快就要离开。His book is due to be published in October. 他的书计划10月份出版。5) 用“现在进行时”(即be现在分词)表示。主要表示按

23、计划或安排要发生的事：The students are leaving on Sunday. 学生们星期日出发。Were having a party next week. 我们下星期将开一个晚会。注：该用法有时表示即将发生的动作：Im leaving. 我走了。6) 用“一般现在时”表示。表示按规定或时间表预计要发生的事：The train leaves at 7:25 this evening. 火车今晚7:25分开。Tomorrow is Wednesday. 明天是星期三。We have a holiday tomorrow. 我们明天放假。注：在表示时间、条件等的状语从句以及某些名词

24、性从句、定语从句等中，也用一般现在时表示将来意义，参见“时态详解：一般现在时”的有关用法。【习题】1. He was hoping to go abroad but his parents _ that they wont support him unless he can borrow money from the bank. A. were decidingB. have decidedC. decidedD. will decide分析：B。因宾语从句中的时态是，主句中的谓语动词不可能是过去时态，排除选项A和D; 由语境判断，不是“将要决定”，而是“现在已经决定”，所以排除D，而选B。2

25、.How can I apply for an online course?Just fill out this form and we _ what we can do four you. A. seeB. are seeingC. have seenD. will see分析：D。表示将要发生的情况，自然是用一般将来时。3. If their marketing plans succeed, they _ their sales by 20 percent. A. will increaseB. have been increasingC. have increasedD. would b

26、e increasing分析：A。由于if条件从句用的是一般现在时，所以其相应的主句宜用。（四）现在进行时主要用于表示目前正在进行的动作，有时也可表示现阶段在进行的动作。如：The teacher is giving us an English lesson. 老师正在给我们上英语课。The farmers are getting in their crops. 农民们正在收割庄稼。We are making preparations for the conference. 我们一直在为会议作准备。 由“am / is / are + 现在分词”构成。如：Im studying at Yu C

27、ai Senior Middle school. 我在育才中学读书。He is writing on the desk. 他再课桌上写字。They are talking about their visiting the Great Wall. 他们在谈论游长城的事情。【说明】动词现在分词的构成方法：情况规则例词一般情况加-ingsaysaying, playplaying, thinkthinking, studystudying, teach teaching, blowblowing, buildbuilding以-e结尾的动词去e加-ingloveloving, makemaking,

28、 guideguiding, datedating以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词双写辅音字母加-ingbeginbeginning,regretregretting, planplanning, ban banning以ie结尾的动词变ie为y加-inglielying, diedying, tietying以-ck 结尾的动词加-kingpicnicpicnicking, panicpanicking1）除表示说话时正在进行的动作之外，还可表示在短期内临时进行的动作或存在的情况，这种情况通常不会长期如此，并且在说话时刻也不一定正在进行。如：Dont take that ladder aw

29、ay. Your fathers using it. 别把梯子拿起，你父亲在用哩。 The professor is typing his own letters while his secretary is ill. 秘书生病时，教授自己打他的信。2) 表示在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的情况，这种情况通常不会长期如此。如：Her car has broken down. Shes going to work by bike. 她的汽车坏了，骑自行车上班。The professor is typing his own letters while his secretary is ill. 秘书

30、生病时，教授自己打他的信。这种情况在说话时不一定在发生。如：Dont take that ladder away. Your fathers using it. 别把梯子拿走，你父亲在用哩。(说话时不一定正在用)3) 即表示按计划或安排要发生的将来动作，这类用法在没有明确上下文的情况下，通常会连用一个表示将来时间的状语。如：Are you working next week? 你下星期工作吗? We are having a few guests tonight. 今晚我们有几个客人来。She is buying a new bike soon. 她不久将买一辆新自行车。Were spendi

31、ng next winter in Australia. 我们将要在澳大利亚度过明年冬天。用arrive, come, go, leave, take off等动词的描写行程安排，也通常有含有将来意义。如：He is arriving tomorrow morning on the 16:40 train. 他乘下午4:40的火车明天上午到。4) 有时可以与always, constantly, continually, forever等表示动作屡次发生的副词连用，强调动作的不断重复的。如：He is always losing his keys. 他老是丢钥匙。Shes constantly

32、 changing her mind. 她老是改变主意。Some students in my class are forever talking. 我班上有些学生老是在说话。这类用法通常带有一定的情感色彩，如表示满意、赞扬、责备、不满、厌烦、不以为然等。【习题】1. Ive won a holiday for two weeks to Florida. I _ my mum. A. am takingB. have takenC. takeD. will have taken分析：A。表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作。2. Whats that terrible noise?The neigh

33、bors _ for a party. A. have preparedB. are preparingC. prepareD. will prepare分析：B。由Whats=What is可知，现在在出声音; 进而知道“邻居们正在为一个晚会作准备”，所以用。再说，已经准备好了或者将作准备，我们不可能听得到声音，问句也就不成立了，排除A和D。3. Because the shop _, all the T-shirts are sold at half price. A. has closed downB. closed downC. is closing downD. had closed

34、 down分析：C。由all the T-shirts are sold at half price可知，这家商店还没有关闭，但准备将要关闭，所以选C，用表示最近的打算。4. Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasnt stopped ringing. People _ to ask how I am going to spend the money. A. phoneB. will phoneC. were phoning D. are phoning分的：D。指赢大奖以来的，近阶段正在发生的事，用。5. They _ on the progr

35、am for almost one week before I joined them, and now we _ it as no good results have come out so far. A. had been working; are still working B. had worked; were still workingC. have been working; have workedD. have worked; are still working分析：A。在I joined them之前，就是“过去的过去”，要用过去完成时或过去完成进行时，排除选项C和D; 由no

36、w和“到目前还没有结果”可知，现在仍在进行这项工作，用，排除选项B。（五）过去进行时1、主要表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，或表示过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作。如：I was having a talk with Li Hua at that time. 那时，我正在跟李华谈话。I was watching TV at home last night. 昨晚我一直在看电视。2、构成由“was / were + 现在分词”构成。如： Someone is knocking the door. 有人在敲门。Steam was rising from the coffee. 咖啡冒着热气。Cloud

37、s were flying across the sky. 云彩飘过天空。注意有些was (were) doing sth不是现在进行时，而是系表结构，其中的doing sth是动名词，不是现在分词。如：Her job was washing clothes. 她的工作是洗衣裳。Her hobby was growing roses. 她的爱好是种植玫瑰。Her suggestion was having our conversation in French. 她的建议是我们用法语交谈。3、过去进行时的主要用法1）表示在过去某一点时间或某一段时正在进行的动作。如：I was having a

38、bath when the phone rang. 我正在洗澡，突然电话铃响了。She was writing letters. I didnt want to disturb her. 她在写信。我不想打扰她。2）表示在过去短期内正在进行的动作或存在的情况，这种情况通常不会长期如此。如：It happened while I was living in Shanghai last year. 这件事发生于去年我住在伊斯特本的时候。3）表示为过去的将来安排好的活动和事件。这类用法在没有明确上下文的情况下，通常会连用一个表示将来时间的状语。如：He said that his sister wa

39、s getting married next December. 他说他妹妹12月结婚。4）动词 hope, wonder 等的过去进行时常用来表示提出要求，虽然表示现在的内容，但语气比一般现在时或一般过去时要委婉。如：I was wondering if you could give me a lift. 我不知您能不能让我搭一下车。I was thinking it might be a good idea to keep the window open. 我看还是把窗户开着的好。注：一般过去时也有类似用法，相比之处，一般过去时通常表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的，而则多表示一种较随便或没有

40、进行仔细考虑的行为。5）过去进行时有时可以与always, constantly, continually, forever, perpetually, repeatedly等表示动作屡次发生的副词连用，强调动作的不断重复的。如：She was always thinking of others. 她老是想到别人。He was constantly changing his mind. 他老是改变主意。She was forever complaining. 她老是抱怨。注：现在进行时也有类似用法，但是表示过去不断重复的动作，而现在进行时是表示现在不断重复的动作。【习题】1. The repo

41、rter said that the UFO _ east to west when he saw it. A. was travelingB. traveledC. had been travelingD. was to travel分析：答案为A。表示报告人当时所看到的情景。2.What were you doing when Tony phoned you?I had just finished my work and_to take a shower.A. had startedB. startedC. have startedD. was starting分析：答案为D。表示过去将要

42、发生的事。句意是：(Tony给我打电话时)我刚好做完工作，准备去冲凉。3.Has Sam finished his homework today?I have no idea. He _it this morning.A. didB. has doneC. was doingD. had done分析：答案为C。由上文可知，下文的大意是：“我不知道Sam现在是否已经做完了作业，(但是我知道)他今天早上在做作业”，所以用过去进行时态。4. You were out when I dropped in at your house.Oh, I _for a friend from England a

43、t the airport.A. was waitingB. had waitedC. am waitingD. has waited分析：答案为A。句意是：(你来我家时) 我正在机场等候一位从England来的朋友。表示在过去某一时刻或在过去某一段时间内正在发生的事，用过去进行时，所以选A。5. Where did you put the car keys? Oh, I _ I put them on the chair because the phone rang as I _ in.A. remembered; comeB. remembered; was comingC. rememb

44、er; comeD. remember; was coming分析：答案为D。第一空用一般现在时，指的是“现在”还记得; 第二空用，指的是当时正在做的事。6. I _ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident _. A. went; was occurringB. went; occurredC. was going; occurredD. was going; had occurred分析：答案为C。第一空用，表示过去正在发生的情况; 第二空用一般过去时，表示过去突然发生的一件事。（六）现在完成时1、定义现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，也可表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态。I have finished my homework already. 我已经写完作业了。2、构成：1) 主语+have / has+过去分词+其他（主语是第三人称单数时用has，其余人称用have；过去分词规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同，规则动词需要特殊记忆。）2) 否定：主语+ haven